Question 1

The French physician Paul Broca discovered a brain region that was associated with the:
A)production and understanding of speech.
B)production of speech.
C)understanding of speech.
D)ability to understand novel speech.

Accepted Answer

Paul Broca discovered the brain region now known as Broca's area, which is primarily associated with the production of speech rather than its understanding.

Question 2

Chloe seeks to understand the brain functions associated with coordinated movement.Chloe is MOST likely a(n):
A)behaviorist.
B)evolutionary psychologist.
C)cognitive neuroscientist.
D)behavioral neuroscientist.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chloe seeks to understand the brain functions...

Question 3

After conducting repeated experiments in which he first trained rats to navigate a maze and then removed tiny sections of their brains to see if that brain region eliminated learning,Lashley reported that:
A)learning the maze could be erased by removing a tiny section of Broca's area.
B)the memory of the maze was localized in the right hemisphere of the brain.
C)the memory of the maze was localized in the left hemisphere of the brain.
D)no one brain region seemed to uniquely and reliably eliminate maze learning.

Accepted Answer

Lashley's experiments led him to conclude that no one brain region seemed to uniquely and reliably eliminate maze learning, suggesting that learning and memory are distributed across multiple brain areas.

Question 4

After training rats to successfully navigate a maze,Karl Lashely sought to determine the precise spot in the brain where the learning occurred by:
A)surgically removing tiny sections of the brain and then retesting the rats.
B)giving the rats experimental drugs that target specific brain areas and then retesting the rats.
C)studying differences in dendritic density in various brain regions under a microscope after the rats' death.
D)studying the rats running the maze while connected to a recorder that measured brain electrical activity.

Accepted Answer

Karl Lashely sought to determine the precise spot in the brain where the learning occurred by surgically removing tiny sections of the brain and then retesting the rats. This allowed him to observe the effect of removing different regions, and by comparing the results, he could identify which areas were most critical for navigation and learning. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 5

Karl Lashley's early neuroscientific research sought to identify the specific brain region:
A)underlying grammar rules.
B)involved in speech production.
C)responsible for rats learning to navigate a maze.
D)responsible for visual perception.

Accepted Answer

Karl Lashley's early research focused on understanding the neural basis of learning and memory in rats. He conducted experiments where he trained rats to navigate mazes and then disrupted different brain regions to see if it affected the rats' ability to remember the maze. Through these experiments, he concluded that memory is not localized in a specific brain region but rather distributed throughout the brain.

Question 6

Six-year-old Michael eats teriyaki chicken for the first time at a Japanese restaurant and shortly thereafter becomes nauseous during the car ride home.The sickness is actually due to his catching a virus from his older brother Patrick.Michael is MOST likely to associate the sickness with:
A)Patrick.
B)the teriyaki flavor.
C)the sign outside the Japanese restaurant.
D)riding in the car.

Accepted Answer

Since Michael became nauseous shortly after trying teriyaki chicken for the first time, he is likely to associate the sickness with the new and unfamiliar taste of the chicken. It is less likely that he would associate the sickness with his brother, the sign outside the restaurant or riding in the car.

Question 7

Esa suffered a stroke and damaged her Broca's area.Esa will have problems:
A)understanding a verbal instruction.
B)distinguishing among different dialects.
C)matching names to faces.
D)producing speech.

Accepted Answer

Damage to the Broca's area results in difficulty while producing speech, which is known as Broca's aphasia. The individual may struggle to form words or sentences and may speak slowly with great effort. Difficulty in understanding verbal instructions, distinguishing among different dialects, and matching names to faces are not directly related to damage in the Broca's area.

Question 8

Rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association,suggesting that:
A)genetic factors are a relatively unimportant component of learning.
B)rats have evolved to not associate lights with smell.
C)behavior is in part the product of the learning experiences of our ancestors.
D)rats have had more learning opportunities to associate smell with sickness.

Accepted Answer

Behavior is in part the product of the learning experiences of our ancestors, which is suggested by the fact that rats are more likely to form associations based on senses that were critical for their survival, such as smell, rather than less critical senses like vision in the context of detecting sickness.

Question 9

Which early neuropsychologist trained rats to run mazes,surgically removed parts of their brains,and then measured how well they could run the maze again?
A)Noam Chomsky
B)Karl Lashley
C)Jean Piaget
D)Paul Broca

Accepted Answer

Karl Lashley is known for his experiments in which he trained rats to run mazes, then surgically removed parts of their brains and measured how well they could run the maze again. Lashley was an early neuropsychologist who sought to understand the links between brain function and behavior. His work laid the foundation for modern cognitive neuroscience.

Question 10

A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity is:
A)cognitive neuroscience.
B)cognitive psychotherapy.
C)physiological psychology.
D)evolutionary psychology.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity associated with cognitive processes such as perception, attention, memory, and language. It combines the fields of psychology, neuroscience, and biology to explore how the brain structures and processes information to produce our subjective experience and behavior.

Question 11

Kayla doesn't know it yet,but she has just contracted a stomach virus from her roommate,Beverly.Kayla puts on a new dress and goes on a first date with Jermaine,where they eat oysters.Later that night,Kayla becomes violently ill.Kayla is MOST likely to associate the sickness with:
A)the oysters.
B)Beverly.
C)Jermaine.
D)her new dress.

Accepted Answer

Since Kayla was just exposed to Beverly and contracted a stomach virus, it is more likely that the sickness was caused by the virus than by the oysters or Jermaine. However, because the illness occurred after eating the oysters, Kayla may initially associate the sickness with the oysters.

Question 12

Ulrich Neisser's landmark book published in 1967 provided a foundation for the field of _____ psychology.
A)cognitive
B)evolutionary
C)clinical
D)social

Accepted Answer

Neisser's book, "Cognitive Psychology," is considered a seminal work in the field of cognitive psychology, which focuses on mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and problem-solving.

Question 13

Which research question is MOST relevant to behavioral neuroscience?
A)What brain mechanisms underlie complex decision making?
B)What brain mechanisms underlie reinforcement and punishment?
C)What brain mechanisms are responsible for long-term memory?
D)What are some evolutionary adaptations of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral neuroscience is the study of the biological basis of behavior, and reinforcement and punishment are two key concepts in this field.

Question 14

_____ demonstrated that rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association.
A)Karl Lashley
B)John Garcia
C)E.O.Wilson
D)Charles Darwin

Accepted Answer

John Garcia's research on taste-aversion learning in rats showed that rats are more likely to form an association between a taste and sickness, rather than between a visual and sickness or sound and sickness. This finding contradicted the prevailing behaviorist view that all stimuli have equal potential to become associated with sickness.

Question 15

Which approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes?
A)cognitive psychology
B)cognitive psychotherapy
C)behavioral neuroscience
D)evolutionary psychology

Accepted Answer

Behavioral neuroscience is the approach to psychology that focuses on the relationship between psychological processes and activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes. This approach involves studying the brain, neurons, neurotransmitters, and other physiological factors that underlie behavior and mental processes.

Question 16

Rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association,suggesting that rats have:
A)an inability to associate a light with any consequence.
B)evolved to not associate lights with smell.
C)learned some associations more easily than others because of natural selection.
D)evolved to easily associate sickness with any stimulus in their environment.

Accepted Answer

This suggests that rats have a natural ability to form certain associations more easily than others, likely due to natural selection favoring certain types of learning or associations. It does not necessarily indicate an inability to associate a light with any consequence or an evolved instinct to not associate lights with smell.

Question 17

Kerrie wants to understand how perceptions,beliefs,and memories activate different regions in the brain.Which field of psychology would you suggest Kerrie explore?
A)cognitive psychology
B)behavioral neuroscience
C)evolutionary psychology
D)cognitive neuroscience

Accepted Answer

Cognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of cognitive processes and behavior, including perception, attention, language, memory, and emotion, and their underlying neural substrates. This field combines principles of cognitive psychology and neuroscience and is best suited for understanding how perceptions, beliefs, and memories activate different regions in the brain.

Question 18

Research using scanning technology of the brain has demonstrated that,when a person who has been deaf from birth learns American Sign Language at an early age,that person uses _____ hemisphere when communicating with American Sign Language.
A)the left
B)the right
C)both the right and the left
D)neither the right nor the left

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research using scanning technology of the brain...

Question 19

Jamie suffered a stroke and damaged her Broca's area.Jamie will have problems:
A)reading out loud.
B)understanding the plot of her favorite television show.
C)remembering the names of her family members.
D)recognizing facial emotions.

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is responsible for speech production and language comprehension. Damage to this area can cause difficulty in speaking fluently and being able to read out loud, but it does not necessarily affect understanding plots, memory of family member names, or facial emotions recognition.

Question 20

Amanda seeks to understand the brain functions underlying reward and punishment.Amanda is MOST likely a(n):
A)behaviorist.
B)evolutionary psychologist.
C)cognitive neuroscientist.
D)behavioral neuroscientist.

Accepted Answer

Amanda is most likely a behavioral neuroscientist because she is interested in understanding the brain functions underlying reward and punishment. Behavioral neuroscience is the study of the biological basis of behavior, and it often involves studying the brain regions and neurochemicals that are involved in specific behaviors.

Quiz 1: Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A

The French physician Paul Broca discovered a brain region that was associated with the:

Chloe seeks to understand the brain functions associated with coordinated movement.Chloe is MOST likely a(n) :

After conducting repeated experiments in which he first trained rats to navigate a maze and then removed tiny sections of their brains to see if that brain region eliminated learning,Lashley reported that:

After training rats to successfully navigate a maze,Karl Lashely sought to determine the precise spot in the brain where the learning occurred by:

Karl Lashley's early neuroscientific research sought to identify the specific brain region:

Six-year-old Michael eats teriyaki chicken for the first time at a Japanese restaurant and shortly thereafter becomes nauseous during the car ride home.The sickness is actually due to his catching a virus from his older brother Patrick.Michael is MOST likely to associate the sickness with:

Esa suffered a stroke and damaged her Broca's area.Esa will have problems:

Rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association,suggesting that:

Which early neuropsychologist trained rats to run mazes,surgically removed parts of their brains,and then measured how well they could run the maze again?

A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity is:

Kayla doesn't know it yet,but she has just contracted a stomach virus from her roommate,Beverly.Kayla puts on a new dress and goes on a first date with Jermaine,where they eat oysters.Later that night,Kayla becomes violently ill.Kayla is MOST likely to associate the sickness with:

Ulrich Neisser's landmark book published in 1967 provided a foundation for the field of _____ psychology.

Which research question is MOST relevant to behavioral neuroscience?

_____ demonstrated that rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association.

Which approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes?

Rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association,suggesting that rats have:

Kerrie wants to understand how perceptions,beliefs,and memories activate different regions in the brain.Which field of psychology would you suggest Kerrie explore?

Research using scanning technology of the brain has demonstrated that,when a person who has been deaf from birth learns American Sign Language at an early age,that person uses _____ hemisphere when communicating with American Sign Language.

Jamie suffered a stroke and damaged her Broca's area.Jamie will have problems:

Amanda seeks to understand the brain functions underlying reward and punishment.Amanda is MOST likely a(n) :