Question 1

Amber learned Spanish for 4 years in high school and for 2 more years in college.Nevertheless,only 1 year after she graduated from college,she realizes that she remembers very little Spanish.This illustrates:
A)proactive interference.
B)retroactive interference.
C)absentmindedness.
D)transience.

Accepted Answer

Transience refers to the fading away of memories over time. In this case, Amber learned Spanish for a total of 6 years, but after only 1 year of not actively using or practicing the language, she has forgotten much of it. This is an example of transience.

Question 2

Sarah says she can vividly remember the day her baby brother was born.This is an example of _____ memory.
A)procedural
B)implicit
C)iconic
D)explicit

Accepted Answer

Sarah's ability to remember the day her baby brother was born is an example of explicit memory, which refers to the conscious recall of information from memory.

Question 3

Just before a music concert,a fake crime was staged next to the line of people waiting to get into the auditorium.In the staged crime,a man steals a woman's handbag and runs.One of the people in the line was also part of the setup.As the bystanders began talking about the robbery,he asked a few of them if they had noticed the writing on the robber's hat.The robber,however,had not worn a hat.Yet,when later questioned by "the police," some of the witnesses reported that the robber was wearing a hat.This scenario BEST illustrates:
A)absentmindedness.
B)transience.
C)memory misattribution.
D)suggestibility.

Accepted Answer

This scenario best illustrates suggestibility, which refers to the tendency of individuals to believe suggested details or information even if they did not actually witness them. In this case, the bystander planted the suggestion of a hat in the minds of witnesses, leading some of them to report seeing the robber wearing one even though he did not. This highlights how easily eyewitness testimony can be influenced and how important it is to be cautious when relying on such testimony in criminal investigations.

Question 4

The distorting influences of present knowledge,beliefs,or feelings on the recollection of previous experiences is termed as:
A)bias.
B)transience.
C)suggestibility.
D)misattribution.

Accepted Answer

Bias refers to the influence of present knowledge, beliefs or feelings on the recollection of previous experiences. It can result in a distorted or inaccurate recollection of the past. This can occur due to a variety of factors, such as selective attention or interpretation, confirmation bias, or the influence of emotions or moods on memory retrieval.

Question 5

While driving in a new city,you briefly see a road sign that you think marks the exit that you are looking for,but after a few seconds,you cannot remember what the sign said.This illustrates the quick decay of _____ memory.
A)iconic
B)implicit
C)echoic
D)semantic

Accepted Answer

Iconic memory refers to the brief, visual memory of an image, such as a road sign, which decays rapidly if not attended to or encoded into short-term memory.

Question 6

_____ encoding is the process of relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in memory.
A)Semantic
B)Visual imagery
C)Organizational
D)Episodic

Accepted Answer

Semantic encoding involves processing new information by relating it to existing knowledge or concepts stored in memory. This can include things like relating new vocabulary words to their definitions, making connections between new facts and previously learned information, or organizing new information into categories or hierarchies that make sense within existing mental frameworks. Visual imagery encoding involves creating mental pictures of new information to help remember it better, organizational encoding involves grouping new information in meaningful ways to aid memory, and episodic encoding involves remembering specific personal experiences or events. While these other types of encoding can also be helpful in certain contexts, semantic encoding is specifically focused on creating meaningful connections between new information and previously acquired knowledge.

Question 7

Susan's mom called her on her cell phone and asked her to pick up eight items from the grocery store on her way home from work.As Susan was on a bus and didn't have a pen and paper,she had to memorize the items.She grouped them into categories of food,drinks,and home supplies,thereby making use of _____ encoding.
A)visual imagery
B)elaborative
C)organizational
D)digital memory

Accepted Answer

Susan used organizational encoding by grouping the items into categories to help her remember them.

Question 8

A fast-decaying store of auditory information is referred to as _____ memory.
A)rehearsal
B)perception
C)echoic
D)iconic

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory specifically refers to the short-term storage of auditory information. Rehearsal refers to the process of actively maintaining information in working memory, while perception and iconic memory are related to visual information.

Question 9

Devon and Liz are studying for their test on American history.Devon asks Liz,"Hey,do you remember who the fourth president of the United States was?" Liz pauses for a few seconds and then answers,"James Madison." As soon as she answers,her cell phone rings.It is her friend Carla,and Liz talks to her for about 10 minutes.When she gets off the phone,Devon says,"Liz,I didn't hear you.Who was the fourth president?" Liz thinks for a few moments and then realizes that she has forgotten the answer.This scenario illustrates the importance of memory:
A)misattribution.
B)rehearsal.
C)consolidation.
D)reconsolidation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Devon and Liz are studying for their...

Question 10

An elementary class took a spelling test immediately after learning how to bake a cake.The teacher noticed that many of the students spelled the word "FLOUR" correctly instead of "FLOWER," as she had expected.This scenario illustrates:
A)memory reconsolidation.
B)transfer-appropriate processing.
C)priming.
D)retrieval-induced forgetting.

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of priming, where the recent learning of baking with flour primed the students to spell "FLOUR" correctly instead of "FLOWER" during the spelling test.

Question 11

James was involved in a car accident 3 years ago.He recently saw a man he thought was in the same accident as well,but when he approached him,the man had no idea what James was talking about.It turned out that the man was working at a coffee shop that James had visited on the day of the accident and was in no way involved in the car accident.James's confusion was the result of:
A)his flashbulb memory.
B)misattribution.
C)blocking.
D)suggestibility.

Accepted Answer

James experienced misattribution, which is when a person confuses the source of a certain memory or information. In this case, James saw a person who he thought was involved in the car accident, but he misattributed this memory to the wrong source, since the individual was actually a barista at a coffee shop James visited on the day of the accident.

Question 12

As Tim does his homework while on the phone with his friend Sue,his pencil breaks.He goes to get a new pencil from the basement where his family keeps all the school supplies.He goes to the basement and returns to his room without getting the pencil.He realizes it after a few minutes.Which factor is MOST likely to have caused this?
A)memory misattribution
B)absentmindedness
C)blocking
D)retrieval-induced forgetting

Accepted Answer

Absentmindedness is the most likely factor in Tim's failure to retrieve the pencil from the basement. This refers to a lack of attention, which can lead to forgetfulness or failure to retrieve information from memory.

Question 13

Chad suffered brain damage to his hippocampus after a bike accident.He can no longer remember things that happened after his injury.Chad MOST likely has:
A)retrograde amnesia.
B)anterograde amnesia.
C)echoic memory.
D)bias.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is a type of amnesia where the affected person is unable to form new memories after a particular event, such as an injury to the brain. In this case, Chad is unable to remember things that happened after his bike accident, indicating that he is suffering from anterograde amnesia. Retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember events that occurred before a specific event, such as a head injury, and echoic memory is a type of sensory memory that refers to the brief retention of auditory information. Bias is a tendency to favor one thing over another, and it is not related to the type of memory loss Chad is experiencing.

Question 14

Kristen vividly remembers her first day of high school.As this day is of special significance to her,she often revisits it in her mind.This scenario illustrates a(n)_____ memory.
A)episodic
B)semantic
C)implicit
D)procedural

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory involves the recollection of specific events or personal experiences that are unique to an individual. The scenario given highlights Kristen's ability to remember her first day of high school as a significant event from her past, indicating that it is an example of episodic memory.

Question 15

Jessica is trying to quickly memorize the definitions of 26 terms in her chemistry booklet two minutes before the exam.She seems to think that she can store all of these definitions in her short-term memory.If she understands the limits of memory,she will realize that her short-term memory will only be able to retain _____ of the definitions at once.
A)approximately 7
B)approximately 12
C)approximately 20
D)all 26

Accepted Answer

The average capacity of short-term memory is limited to around 7 items, plus or minus 2. This means that Jessica will likely only be able to store around 7 of the definitions in her short-term memory at once.

Quiz 6: Memory-Part E

Amber learned Spanish for 4 years in high school and for 2 more years in college.Nevertheless,only 1 year after she graduated from college,she realizes that she remembers very little Spanish.This illustrates:

Sarah says she can vividly remember the day her baby brother was born.This is an example of _____ memory.

The distorting influences of present knowledge,beliefs,or feelings on the recollection of previous experiences is termed as:

While driving in a new city,you briefly see a road sign that you think marks the exit that you are looking for,but after a few seconds,you cannot remember what the sign said.This illustrates the quick decay of _____ memory.

_____ encoding is the process of relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in memory.

A fast-decaying store of auditory information is referred to as _____ memory.

An elementary class took a spelling test immediately after learning how to bake a cake.The teacher noticed that many of the students spelled the word "FLOUR" correctly instead of "FLOWER," as she had expected.This scenario illustrates:

Chad suffered brain damage to his hippocampus after a bike accident.He can no longer remember things that happened after his injury.Chad MOST likely has:

Kristen vividly remembers her first day of high school.As this day is of special significance to her,she often revisits it in her mind.This scenario illustrates a(n) _____ memory.