Question 1

In epigenetics,the environment influences gene expression:

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation or histone acetylation, can alter gene expression without changes to the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications can be influenced by environmental factors, such as diet or stress.

Question 2

Chemical modifications of DNA that can turn genes on and off are termed epigenetic:

Accepted Answer

Chemical modifications of DNA, such as methylation and acetylation, can leave marks on the DNA molecule that can either turn genes on or off. These marks are sometimes referred to as epigenetic marks or epigenetic modifications.

Question 3

The likelihood of a monozygotic twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about _____%.

Accepted Answer

The likelihood of a monozygotic (identical) twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about 50%. This is much higher than the likelihood for dizygotic (fraternal) twins or other siblings of a person with schizophrenia. This high concordance rate suggests a strong genetic component to schizophrenia, although environmental factors also play a role.

Question 4

A critically acclaimed director is working on her latest blockbuster movie.Which scenario is MOST analogous to an epigenetic mark?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic marks do not change the DNA sequence (script) itself but affect how genes are expressed, similar to how emphasizing one scene over another can change the movie's focus without altering the script.

Question 5

Which film analogy BEST describes epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics is like two different movies based on a common script because it involves changes in gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence, similar to how different movies can be made from the same script through different interpretations, directions, or settings.

Question 6

The genes of a child will have most in common with the genes of a(n):

Accepted Answer

Identical twins are derived from the same fertilized egg, which splits and forms two embryos. Therefore, they share virtually all of their genes, making them the most genetically similar compared to siblings, parents, or fraternal twins.

Question 7

The genes of a child will have the LEAST in common with the genes of a(n):

Accepted Answer

The genes of a child have the least in common with the genes of a grandparent because only 25% of the child's genes come from each grandparent, whereas 50% of the child's genes come from each parent and siblings and fraternal twins share a varying degree of genetic similarity depending on how many genes they inherited in common from their parents.

Question 8

_____ twins develop from a splitting of a single fertilized egg and share _____% of their genes.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic (identical) twins develop when a single fertilized egg (zygote) splits into two, resulting in two genetically identical embryos. Therefore, they share 100% of their genes. Dizygotic (fraternal) twins, on the other hand, develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm and share about 50% of their genetic material, just like any other full siblings.

Question 9

Mary lives with her identical twin Carrie,her older brother Larry,her parents Harry and Teri,and her grandfather Jerry.Consider the percentage of genes shared by Mary and Teri.This percentage is the same as those shared by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mary lives with her identical twin Carrie,her...

Question 10

Histone modification:

Accepted Answer

Histone modification can both turn on and shut off gene expression depending on the type of modification and location on the chromosome. It does not result in the formation of novel DNA sequences or chromosomal pairs.

Question 11

Which film analogy BEST describes epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics can be compared to two different productions of Shakespeare's Hamlet because just as different productions may have different interpretations of the same script, gene expression can be different between two individuals with the same genetic code due to epigenetic modifications.

Question 12

The likelihood of a dizygotic twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about _____%.

Accepted Answer

The likelihood of a dizygotic twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about 27%. This is higher than the general population risk of developing schizophrenia, but lower than the risk for monozygotic twins of a person with schizophrenia. This suggests that genetics play a role in the development of schizophrenia, but environmental factors also contribute.

Question 13

The idea that genes express themselves within an environment is a central component of:

Accepted Answer

The idea that genes express themselves within an environment is a main concept of epigenetics. Genetics alone cannot account for all variations in traits and behaviours, but epigenetics can explain how environmental factors can cause changes in gene expression. Choice A is incorrect since degree of relatedness refers to the proportion of shared genes between individuals in a population. Choice C is incorrect because heritability refers to the proportion of variation in a trait that is due to genetic factors. Choice D is incorrect because phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history and relatedness of species.

Question 14

Which film analogy BEST describes an epigenetic mark?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic marks are akin to a director's decision to include or exclude a particular scene from the original script, as they can activate or repress the expression of genes without changing the underlying DNA sequence, similar to how a scene's inclusion or exclusion can alter a film's narrative without changing the script itself.

Question 15

When a methyl group is _____ DNA it turns _____ gene expression.

Accepted Answer

When a methyl group is added to DNA, it usually turns off gene expression in a process known as DNA methylation. Therefore, option B, added to; off is the correct choice.

Question 16

The area of research that studies how the environment influences gene expression is termed:

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics is the area of research that studies how the environment, lifestyle, and other external factors can influence gene expression without changing the actual DNA sequence. This includes modifications to the DNA molecule itself, as well as proteins that interact with DNA and affect the way genes are expressed. Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces haploid cells for sexual reproduction. Heritability refers to the proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that is caused by genetic differences. Ontogeny refers to the stages of development an organism goes through from conception to maturity.

Question 17

Epigenetic writers:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Epigenetic writers:
...

Question 18

_____ twins develop from two separate fertilized eggs and share _____% of their genes.

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic (fraternal) twins develop from two separate fertilized eggs, so they share 50% of their genes, just like any other siblings. Monozygotic (identical) twins develop from one fertilized egg that splits into two, so they share 100% of their genes.

Question 19

Strands of DNA are wrapped around _____ proteins.

Accepted Answer

DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which are the basic units of chromatin. This helps in the compaction of DNA into the small space inside the nucleus of a cell. Methyl, acetone, and chloride are not involved in the organization of DNA in the nucleus.

Question 20

The probability of sharing genes is termed:

Accepted Answer

The degree of relatedness refers to the probability of sharing genes between individuals. This concept is important in fields such as genetics and evolutionary biology, where it helps determine the likelihood of certain traits or disorders being passed down within a family or population. Epigenetics refers to the study of changes in gene expression that are not caused by alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. Monozygotic continuity is not a recognized term in biology. Heritability refers to the degree to which variation in a trait is due to genetic factors.

Quiz 3: Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

In epigenetics,the environment influences gene expression:

Chemical modifications of DNA that can turn genes on and off are termed epigenetic:

The likelihood of a monozygotic twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about _____%.

A critically acclaimed director is working on her latest blockbuster movie.Which scenario is MOST analogous to an epigenetic mark?

Which film analogy BEST describes epigenetics?

The genes of a child will have most in common with the genes of a(n) :

The genes of a child will have the LEAST in common with the genes of a(n) :

_ twins develop from a splitting of a single fertilized egg and share _% of their genes.

Mary lives with her identical twin Carrie,her older brother Larry,her parents Harry and Teri,and her grandfather Jerry.Consider the percentage of genes shared by Mary and Teri.This percentage is the same as those shared by:

Histone modification:

Which film analogy BEST describes epigenetics?

The likelihood of a dizygotic twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about _____%.

The idea that genes express themselves within an environment is a central component of:

Which film analogy BEST describes an epigenetic mark?

When a methyl group is _ DNA it turns _ gene expression.

The area of research that studies how the environment influences gene expression is termed:

Epigenetic writers:

_ twins develop from two separate fertilized eggs and share _% of their genes.

Strands of DNA are wrapped around _____ proteins.

The probability of sharing genes is termed: