Question 1

Bill has felt isolated and an like "outsider" since coming to college for his freshman year. As a result, he decided to join a fraternity and was very excited when he was selected to pledge. According to Maslow, Bill may be attempting to meet the need of ________.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that once physiological and safety needs are met, individuals seek to fulfill social and belongingness needs. Joining a fraternity can provide a sense of belonging and social connection, which Bill may be seeking in order to fulfill this need.

Question 2

Things that attract or lure people to action are ________.

Accepted Answer

Incentives are rewards or benefits that attract or lure people to take a particular action. They can be monetary or non-monetary, tangible or intangible. Examples of incentives include discounts, freebies, promotions, bonuses, recognition, and praise. Instincts, stimuli, and bait may also influence behavior but do not necessarily involve a reward or benefit as an incentive does.

Question 3

Which of the following shows a focus on the lowest of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Accepted Answer

Mark's focus on working hard only to make more money and provide financial security for his family indicates a focus on the physiological and safety needs, which are at the bottom of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 4

Which of the following is a criticism of Maslow's theory?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's theory has been criticized for being based primarily on the study of Americans, which may not be universally applicable across different cultures.

Question 5

Jack, compared to most other people, appears to need a high level of arousal. He enjoys doing potentially life-threatening hobbies such as skydiving, swimming with sharks, and bungee jumping from bridges. Jack is likely to be ________.

Accepted Answer

Jack's behavior is consistent with that of a sensation seeker, someone who actively seeks out novel, intense, and potentially risky experiences in order to achieve a higher level of arousal. This behavior does not necessarily indicate that Jack is a show-off or mentally unstable, and it is not necessarily unhealthy as long as he takes appropriate precautions and is aware of the risks involved.

Question 6

Although Kim just ate a huge meal and feels "stuffed," the idea of a chocolate sundae is too good to pass up. Which motivational term explains the appeal of the sundae?

Accepted Answer

The term that best explains the appeal of the sundae is incentive. Incentives are external stimuli that motivate behavior, such as rewards or punishments, and in this case, the sundae acts as a reward for Kim's desire for sweets.

Question 7

Michael has trained very long hours in order to qualify for the Olympics in diving. He has sacrificed a great deal as he put his education on hold and spent a lot of time away from his wife and two small children. To Michael, qualifying for the Olympics is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

Michael's desire to qualify for the Olympics is driven by the incentive of achieving a prestigious and rewarding goal. While he may have some innate drive to excel, it is the specific Olympic goal that is motivating him. The other options (instinctual drive, innate goal, optimum goal) do not fit the description of Michael's motivation in this scenario.

Question 8

According to Abraham Maslow, developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest level of need that can be achieved. This is when a person reaches their fullest potential and realizes their own unique talents and abilities. It is the ultimate goal in Maslow's theory of motivation.

Question 9

Indiana Jones goes off to foreign lands in search of artifacts hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors. Dr. Jones would be described as ________ in arousal theory.

Accepted Answer

A sensation seeker is a person who seeks out new and exciting experiences and takes risks to achieve them. Indiana Jones fits this description as he constantly seeks out dangerous and thrilling adventures in his pursuit of artifacts.

Question 10

One interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives ________.

Accepted Answer

Incentives exist independently of any need or level of arousal, meaning that they can motivate individuals regardless of their current physiological or psychological state. Incentives can also be external (e.g. rewards, punishment) or internal (e.g. enjoyment, satisfaction) and can be used to motivate people of all ages. Therefore, options A, B, and D are incorrect.

Question 11

Maslow's work has had an impact on the field of ________.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's work on the hierarchy of human needs has been applied in the fields of management and organizational behavior, particularly in the humanistic and positive psychology movements. It has influenced leadership theory and practice, employee motivation and satisfaction, and the design of work environments that promote well-being and self-actualization. Maslow's ideas have also been used in education, counseling, and personal development fields.

Question 12

In one study by Putnam and Stifter (2002), researchers found evidence of ________ in children as young as 2 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Researchers found evidence of sensation seeking in children as young as 2 years of age, indicating that this trait can be observed early in development.

Question 13

Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S. Army's slogan "Be all that you can be"?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Army's slogan "Be all that you can be" embodies the concept of self-actualization, the highest level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which focuses on achieving one's full potential and personal growth. This concept aligns with the Army's mission to help soldiers reach their maximum potential through personal and professional development.

Question 14

Which of the following is a criticism of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been criticized for not having enough scientific support, particularly in terms of the ranking of the order of needs and how they relate to motivation. Some critics also argue that the hierarchy does not accurately capture the complexity of human motivation, such as the importance of social and cultural factors.

Question 15

Jerry gets a great deal of fulfillment out of visiting the new art exhibits at the museum in town. He usually visits each exhibit several times during a show and finds beauty in a variety of different types of art works. Jerry is likely to visit the new exhibits in an effort to meet a(n) ________ need.

Accepted Answer

Jerry's love for visiting art exhibits and finding beauty in various art types suggests that he is trying to fulfill his aesthetic needs, which are related to appreciation of beauty, balance, harmony, and other artistic qualities.

Question 16

According to Maslow, the motive of self-actualization makes one want ________.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory suggests that the ultimate human motive is self-actualization, which is the drive to fulfill one's full potential and achieve personal growth. This is not related to frequent social contact, material possessions, or convincing others of one's worth.

Question 17

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is a higher order need than cognitive needs?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with physiological needs at the bottom, followed by safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, cognitive needs, aesthetic needs, and self-actualization needs at the top. Since aesthetic needs are higher up in the hierarchy than cognitive needs, option C is the correct answer.

Question 18

Which of the following factors is most likely to have an effect on predictions made by the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson Law asserts that performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point. After that point, further arousal will lower performance. The difficulty of the task influences the level of arousal required to optimize performance, and thus has the most significant effect on the predictions made by the Yerkes-Dodson Law. Task instructions may affect motivation and approach to the task, but not the arousal-performance relationship. Gender and age may have some effect on performance, but they are not the primary factors considered by the Yerkes-Dodson Law.

Question 19

What is one of the criticisms of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Accepted Answer

One of the criticisms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is that some people may still satisfy higher needs even if they struggle with lower needs. This suggests that the hierarchy is not strictly linear or hierarchical in nature, and individuals may have different priorities and motivations for different needs.

Question 20

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy, which needs must be met first?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with physiological needs such as food, water, shelter, and sleep. Once these basic needs are met, a person can then move onto safety, belongingness and love, esteem, and self-actualization. Therefore, the first need that must be met is physiological.

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion