Question 1

Short-term memories appear to be localized in the ________.
A) occipital lobe
B) cingulate gyrus
C) amygdala
D) prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes

Accepted Answer

Short-term memories are mainly processed and stored in the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes of the brain. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for holding and manipulating information for short periods of time, while the temporal lobes are involved in processing sensory information and memory formation. The occipital lobe is mainly responsible for visual processing, the cingulate gyrus is involved in emotions and decision-making, and the amygdala is involved in emotional processing and fear responses, but none of these areas are primarily responsible for short-term memory storage.

Question 2

________ memory is constantly updated.
A) Nondeclarative
B) Semantic
C) Eidetic
D) Episodic

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is a type of declarative memory that involves the recollection of specific events or experiences. It is constantly updated as new experiences are had and therefore fits the description given in the question. Nondeclarative memory refers to memories that are not consciously recollected, such as how to ride a bike. Semantic memory refers to general knowledge about the world, and eidetic memory refers to photographic memory, which is not well-supported by scientific evidence.

Question 3

________ is defined as an active system that receives information from the senses, puts it into a useable form, organizes and alters information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage.
A) Classical conditioning
B) Operant conditioning
C) Learning
D) Memory

Accepted Answer

The given definition describes the process of memory, which involves receiving, encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are types of learning, which can contribute to memory formation, but they do not encompass the entire memory process. Therefore, the best choice is D - Memory.

Question 4

The Internet, with its series of links from one site to many others, is a good analogy for the organization of ________ memory.
A) short-term
B) episodic
C) long-term
D) nondeclarative

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is organized like the internet with a network of associations and links between different memories, similar to hyperlinks between web pages. This organization allows for easy retrieval and access to related information.

Question 5

A. R. Luria studied a mnemonist with phenomenal memory. This person had several problems associated with the ability. Which was one was reported in your textbook?
A) repressed memory syndrome
B) tip-of-the-tongue aphasia
C) separating trivial from important memories
D) cognitive penetrance

Accepted Answer

The mnemonist studied by A. R. Luria had difficulty distinguishing between trivial and important memories due to his exceptional memory capacity.

Question 6

People with Alzheimer's disease typically have a memory problem known as ________.
A) amygdaloid amnesia
B) inferograde amnesia
C) retrograde amnesia
D) anterograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the type of memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease, where individuals have difficulty creating new memories or retaining new information. Retrograde amnesia refers to difficulty recalling past events, while inferograde amnesia refers to difficulty forming new memories after a specific event. Amygdaloid amnesia is a type of amnesia associated with damage to the amygdala, a brain structure involved in emotion and memory processing.

Question 7

In the curve of forgetting developed by Ebbinghaus, the greatest amount of forgetting occurs ________.
A) within the first hour after learning new material
B) within the first day after learning new material
C) near the end of the retrieval period
D) near the middle of the retrieval period

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the curve of forgetting developed by...

Question 8

The fact that it is easier to recall items at the beginning and end of a list of unrelated items is known as the ________.
A) phi phenomenon
B) implicit memory effect
C) serial position effect
D) sequestering effect

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect refers to the tendency for people to have better recall for items at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list than for items in the middle. The other options (phi phenomenon, implicit memory effect, sequestering effect) are unrelated to this phenomenon.

Question 9

For which famous memory researcher is memory a problem-solving activity in which the problem is to give a coherent account of some past event, and the memory is the solution to that problem?
A) Bartlett
B) Meyer
C) Ebbinghaus
D) Skinner

Accepted Answer

Bartlett's theory of memory emphasizes that memory is not simply a passive process of storing and retrieving information, but rather an active process of problem-solving. According to Bartlett, when we remember something, we are not merely retrieving a veridical record of the event, but rather constructing a coherent narrative of the event by filling in gaps, making inferences, and drawing on our prior knowledge and experiences. In this sense, memory is an active and creative process that involves the integration of new information into existing knowledge structures.

Question 10

Declarative memories are to ________ memories as nondeclarative memories are to ________ memories.
A) implicit; explicit
B) explicit; implicit
C) general knowledge; personal facts
D) personal facts; general knowledge

Accepted Answer

Declarative memories refer to conscious, explicit memories for facts and events, while non-declarative memories are unconscious, implicit memories that often involve skills or associations. Choice B correctly pairs these terms with their opposite terms.

Question 11

The BEST place to take your biology exam to ensure good retrieval of biology concepts is in ________.
A) the biology classroom
B) an auditorium to prevent cheating
C) the English classroom
D) the special testing room used for all exams

Accepted Answer

Taking the biology exam in the biology classroom is the best choice as it is the environment where the information was taught and where the students are most likely to have practiced and discussed the concepts being tested. The familiarity of this setting can aid with the retrieval of biology concepts.

Question 12

_______ is the retention of memory for some period of time.
A) Encoding
B) Storage
C) Retrieval
D) Evaluation

Accepted Answer

Storage refers to the process of retaining information in memory for some period of time. Encoding refers to the process of getting information into memory, retrieval refers to the process of accessing or retrieving stored information, and evaluation refers to the process of making judgments about information.

Question 13

In the semantic network model of memory, concepts that are related in meaning ________.
A) are not physically proximal
B) are archaic
C) are stored physically closer to each other than concepts that are not highly related
D) are more subject to rapid decay and decline

Accepted Answer

In the semantic network model, concepts that are related in meaning are stored physically closer to each other than concepts that are not highly related. This allows for faster retrieval of related concepts.

Question 14

It's Thanksgiving and the whole family has gotten together. You start to reminisce about your childhood and get into an argument with your brother. Both of you claim that you were the innocent victim of the other. This is an example of ________.
A) constructive processing
B) hindsight bias
C) adaptation of memory traces
D) flashbulb integration

Accepted Answer

The answer of It's Thanksgiving and the whole family has...

Question 15

Repeating items over and over in order to aid memory is known as ________ rehearsal.
A) repetitive
B) imagery
C) elaborative
D) maintenance

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal is the process of repeating information over and over again in order to retain it in short-term memory, without necessarily forming any meaningful connections or associations between the new information and what is already known. This type of rehearsal is often used when we need to remember something briefly, such as a phone number or an address.

Question 16

Which of the following might be the most appropriate analogy for eidetic imagery?
A) a table
B) a modem
C) a rainbow
D) a photograph

Accepted Answer

Eidetic imagery is often referred to as "photographic memory" because it involves the ability to vividly recall images and details with great accuracy, similar to looking at a photograph.

Question 17

A display of 12 letters is flashed on a screen in front of you followed by a tone. You attempt to recall a portion of the display based on the specific tone you heard. What aspect of your memory is this experiment designed to assess?
A) primary memory
B) sensory memory
C) long-term memory
D) short-term memory

Accepted Answer

This experiment is designed to assess sensory memory, which is the ability to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimuli have ended. The use of a tone to trigger recall of the letters flashed on the screen targets the sensory memory related to visual stimuli.

Question 18

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called ________.
A) eidetic images
B) elaborative rehearsals
C) flashbulb memories
D) eyewitness images

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are memories of highly significant events that are vividly remembered. These memories are believed to be more detailed and accurate due to the intense emotional experience associated with the event. Eidetic images refer to photographic memory, elaborative rehearsals are a memory strategy, and eyewitness images refer to the memories of individuals who have witnessed a particular event.

Question 19

A witness on the stand swears that he saw someone commit a crime. Must you believe that the testimony is valid when a witness testifies so forcefully?
A) Yes, because seeing is believing.
B) No, because eyewitnesses are not usually honest.
C) Yes, because eyewitnesses are very confident about their testimony.
D) No, because there is a great possibility of a "false positive" identification.

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D because eyewitness identification is not always reliable, and there is a great possibility of a "false positive" identification. Research has shown that eyewitness testimony can be influenced by a number of factors such as stress, anxiety, and suggestibility, and even highly confident witnesses can be mistaken. Therefore, it is important to be cautious when evaluating the validity of eyewitness testimony.

Question 20

Decay theory works well to explain forgetting in ________.
A) sensory memory only
B) short-term memory only
C) long-term memory only
D) sensory memory and short-term memory

Accepted Answer

Decay theory suggests that memory fades due to the mere passage of time. It is most applicable to sensory memory and short-term memory, where information can fade quickly if not actively maintained or rehearsed. Long-term memories are considered to be more stable and less susceptible to decay over time.

Quiz 6: Memory

Short-term memories appear to be localized in the ________.

________ memory is constantly updated.

________ is defined as an active system that receives information from the senses, puts it into a useable form, organizes and alters information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage.

The Internet, with its series of links from one site to many others, is a good analogy for the organization of ________ memory.

A. R. Luria studied a mnemonist with phenomenal memory. This person had several problems associated with the ability. Which was one was reported in your textbook?

People with Alzheimer's disease typically have a memory problem known as ________.

In the curve of forgetting developed by Ebbinghaus, the greatest amount of forgetting occurs ________.

The fact that it is easier to recall items at the beginning and end of a list of unrelated items is known as the ________.

For which famous memory researcher is memory a problem-solving activity in which the problem is to give a coherent account of some past event, and the memory is the solution to that problem?

Declarative memories are to memories as nondeclarative memories are to memories.

The BEST place to take your biology exam to ensure good retrieval of biology concepts is in ________.

_______ is the retention of memory for some period of time.

In the semantic network model of memory, concepts that are related in meaning ________.

It's Thanksgiving and the whole family has gotten together. You start to reminisce about your childhood and get into an argument with your brother. Both of you claim that you were the innocent victim of the other. This is an example of ________.

Repeating items over and over in order to aid memory is known as ________ rehearsal.

Which of the following might be the most appropriate analogy for eidetic imagery?

A display of 12 letters is flashed on a screen in front of you followed by a tone. You attempt to recall a portion of the display based on the specific tone you heard. What aspect of your memory is this experiment designed to assess?

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called ________.

A witness on the stand swears that he saw someone commit a crime. Must you believe that the testimony is valid when a witness testifies so forcefully?

Decay theory works well to explain forgetting in ________.