Question 1

The phrase "I'm embarrassed because my face is red" is BEST explained by which theory of emotion?
A) James-Lange
B) Cannon-Bard
C) Schachter-Singer
D) common-sense theory of emotion

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that we experience emotions as a result of physiological changes in our body - in this case, the reddening of the face could lead to the experience of embarrassment.

Question 2

In Maslow's theory, how often do people reach a point of self-actualization?
A) Seldom, although there are times in a person's life when he or she is self-actualized at least temporarily.
B) Most people reach a state of self-actualization before they reach adulthood.
C) Most people reach a state of self-actualization as they finish adolescence.
D) No one ever reaches the ultimate state. Our motivations express themselves in how we try to attain it.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's theory, self-actualization is a rare and temporary state that most people do not reach permanently. It is a state in which a person is fully content with their life and has achieved their full potential. While some may experience these moments of self-actualization, it is not a permanent state for most individuals.

Question 3

In Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory, what is the key to achieving one's needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
A) support from others around you
B) an instinctual motivation
C) a motivation often driven by heredity
D) a driving desire not to be a failure

Accepted Answer

According to Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory, the key to achieving one's needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness is support from others around you. This includes social support, feedback, and positive interactions with others, which can enhance one's motivation and well-being.

Question 4

If a person carries out a behavior to receive an outcome that is separate from the person, this is known as
A) extrinsic motivation.
B) intrinsic motivation.
C) drive-reduction motivation.
D) instinctual motivation.

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation involves performing a behavior to receive an external reward or avoid a punishment, rather than for inherent enjoyment or satisfaction.

Question 5

In terms of arousal and task difficulty, easy tasks typically demand a ________ level for optimal performance, whereas difficult tasks require a ________ level.
A) high-moderate; low-moderate
B) low-moderate; high-moderate
C) either a high or low; medium
D) low; low

Accepted Answer

Easy tasks typically require a high-moderate level of arousal for optimal performance, while difficult tasks require a low-moderate level, according to the Yerkes-Dodson Law.

Question 6

Note the following sequence of events: Emotional stimulus-->thalamus-->simultaneous physiological arousal and emotional experience. The order of occurrences summarizes the ________ theory of emotion.
A) James-Lange
B) Cannon-Bard
C) Activation
D) Jukebox

Accepted Answer

The sequence of events described in the question refers to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, which proposes that emotional stimulus triggers both physiological arousal and emotional experience simultaneously, without one causing the other.

Question 7

If calorie intake stays the same, as the basal metabolic rate decreases, the weight set point
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) stays the same.
D) varies up and down.

Accepted Answer

The weight set point refers to the body's natural tendency to maintain a certain weight range. If the basal metabolic rate decreases and calorie intake stays the same, the body will burn fewer calories and may store more fat, leading to an increase in the weight set point.

Question 8

In cultures in which Western lifestyles of eating and exercising have been adopted, obesity rates have ________ over the last 20 years.
A) tripled
B) remained relatively stable
C) doubled
D) decreased slightly

Accepted Answer

Western lifestyles often involve more sedentary behavior and high-calorie, high-fat diets which contribute to obesity. Therefore, as more cultures adopt these lifestyles, obesity rates have significantly increased.

Question 9

Eileen smiles wherever she goes. She smiles a lot in the classroom, which in turn prompts her fellow students to smile, making them feel happier too. This effect is best explained by which of the following theories of emotion?
A) facial feedback
B) James-Lange
C) cognitive-mediational
D) Schachter-Singer

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback theory suggests that the movement of our facial muscles can trigger corresponding emotions. Eileen's smiling face can induce a positive emotion in herself and those around her, leading to a chain reaction of smiles and happiness in the classroom.

Question 10

According to Cannon-Bard, which of the following plays an important role in experiencing emotion?
A) thalamus
B) hypothalamus
C) limbic system
D) sympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that the thalamus plays a crucial role in the experience of emotion by simultaneously sending signals to the cortex and the autonomic nervous system.

Question 11

In Schachter and Singer's classic study, participants who received epinephrine and were in the company of the "angry" research confederate interpreted their physiological arousal as ________, whereas those who were exposed to the "happy" confederate interpreted their arousal as ________.
A) anger; happiness
B) happiness; anger
C) happiness; happiness
D) anger; anger

Accepted Answer

The participants who received epinephrine and were in the company of the "angry" research confederate interpreted their physiological arousal as anger, while those who were exposed to the "happy" confederate interpreted their arousal as happiness.

Question 12

What motivational theory relies heavily on the concept of homeostasis?
A) drive-reduction theory
B) instinctual theory
C) need for affiliation theory
D) need for achievement theory

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory proposes that motivated behavior is driven by the need to maintain an optimal level of physiological arousal. In other words, individuals are motivated to engage in behaviors that reduce their internal drives and return their body to a state of homeostasis.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the three elements of emotion?
A) Objective experience
B) Behavioral reaction
C) Physical arousal
D) Subjective experience

Accepted Answer

The three elements of emotion are subjective experience (mental and emotional interpretation), physical arousal (bodily responses), and behavioral reaction (expressions and actions). Objective experience is not considered as one of the elements of emotion.

Question 14

Emotional experience and arousal occur at the same time due to stimulation of the cerebral cortex, according to ________.
A) Schachter-Singer
B) James-Lange
C) Valins
D) Cannon-Bard

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion proposes that emotional experience and arousal occur at the same time due to the thalamus triggering both the physiological response and the conscious emotional experience simultaneously. In contrast, the James-Lange theory proposes that physiological arousal precedes emotional experience, while the Schachter-Singer theory suggests that physiological arousal is necessary but not sufficient for emotional experience and that cognitive interpretation of the arousal is also needed. Valins is not associated with a specific theory of emotion.

Question 15

One day at school, someone collides with you in the hall and knocks you down, causing you to be angry. However, when playing football with friends, if you get knocked down, you do not express anger. What theory BEST explains how we label each situation and choose the appropriate emotion to show?
A) Schachter-Singer
B) James-Lange
C) Cannon-Bard
D) facial feedback

Accepted Answer

The Schachter-Singer theory, also known as the two-factor theory of emotion, suggests that emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of that arousal. In this scenario, the context (school vs. playing football) influences how the arousal (being knocked down) is labeled, leading to different emotional responses.

Question 16

Damage to the ________ in rats can cause them to starve to death, while damage to the ________ will cause them to eat and eat and eat.
A) lateral hypothalamus; ventromedial hypothalamus
B) ventromedial hypothalamus; lateral hypothalamus
C) liver; kidneys
D) pancreas; stomach

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus when damaged can cause rats to starve to death because it acts as a hunger center, stimulating appetite. Conversely, damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus can lead to overeating because this area acts as a satiety center, signaling when to stop eating.

Question 17

"I believe that emotions and physiological arousal tend to happen simultaneously." Which theorist would be responsible for making such a statement?
A) Walter Cannon or Philip Bard
B) William James or Carl Lange
C) Stanley Schachter or Jerome Singer
D) Sigmund Freud or Erik Erikson

Accepted Answer

The statement about emotions and physiological arousal happening simultaneously is consistent with the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, which was proposed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard in the 1920s. They argued that emotional experiences, such as feeling afraid or happy, occur at the same time as physiological changes, such as an increase in heart rate or sweating, but that the two are independent of each other.

Question 18

People high in the need for ________ want to be liked by others and are good team players.
A) affiliation
B) achievement
C) power
D) emotion

Accepted Answer

The need for affiliation refers to the desire to be liked and accepted by others. People high in this need tend to be good team players as they value social relationships and being part of a group. They prioritize harmony and cooperation over individual achievement or power.

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion

The phrase "I'm embarrassed because my face is red" is BEST explained by which theory of emotion?

In Maslow's theory, how often do people reach a point of self-actualization?

In Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory, what is the key to achieving one's needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness?

If a person carries out a behavior to receive an outcome that is separate from the person, this is known as

In terms of arousal and task difficulty, easy tasks typically demand a level for optimal performance, whereas difficult tasks require a level.

Note the following sequence of events: Emotional stimulus-->thalamus-->simultaneous physiological arousal and emotional experience. The order of occurrences summarizes the ________ theory of emotion.

If calorie intake stays the same, as the basal metabolic rate decreases, the weight set point

In cultures in which Western lifestyles of eating and exercising have been adopted, obesity rates have ________ over the last 20 years.

Eileen smiles wherever she goes. She smiles a lot in the classroom, which in turn prompts her fellow students to smile, making them feel happier too. This effect is best explained by which of the following theories of emotion?

According to Cannon-Bard, which of the following plays an important role in experiencing emotion?

In Schachter and Singer's classic study, participants who received epinephrine and were in the company of the "angry" research confederate interpreted their physiological arousal as , whereas those who were exposed to the "happy" confederate interpreted their arousal as .

What motivational theory relies heavily on the concept of homeostasis?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three elements of emotion?

Emotional experience and arousal occur at the same time due to stimulation of the cerebral cortex, according to ________.

One day at school, someone collides with you in the hall and knocks you down, causing you to be angry. However, when playing football with friends, if you get knocked down, you do not express anger. What theory BEST explains how we label each situation and choose the appropriate emotion to show?

Damage to the in rats can cause them to starve to death, while damage to the will cause them to eat and eat and eat.

"I believe that emotions and physiological arousal tend to happen simultaneously." Which theorist would be responsible for making such a statement?

People high in the need for ________ want to be liked by others and are good team players.