Question 1

Which of the following would an infant find most difficult to perceive?
A)a line drawing of an object
B)biological motion
C)the sound of a music box
D)the touch of sandpaper

Accepted Answer

Infants have a well-documented ability to perceive biological motion, sounds, and tactile sensations from a very early age. However, the perception of abstract representations, such as line drawings of objects, requires a higher level of cognitive development and visual processing skills. This makes it more challenging for infants compared to the other options listed.

Question 2

A study that tracks the same group of people over time is called a(n)__________ study.
A)experimental
B)longitudinal
C)cross-sectional
D)observational

Accepted Answer

A longitudinal study tracks the same group of people over time. The other choices refer to different types of studies. An experimental study involves manipulating an independent variable to see the effect on a dependent variable. A cross-sectional study involves comparing different groups of people at the same point in time. An observational study involves observing and collecting data without manipulating any variables.

Question 3

How many different types of systems are involved in basic number sense?
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Accepted Answer

Two systems are involved in basic number sense: the approximate number system (ANS), which allows for the estimation and comparison of quantities without using exact numbers, and the object tracking system (OTS), which is capable of precisely tracking small numbers of objects (usually up to 3 or 4).

Question 4

A study that compares people in different age groups is called a(n)__________ study.
A)experimental
B)longitudinal
C)cross-sectional
D)observational

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study is the best choice as it compares people in different age groups at a single point in time. This type of study can provide insight into age-related differences, without requiring a long-term follow-up like a longitudinal study.

Question 5

How do infants respond to the mother's voice soon after birth?
A)They prefer the sound of it.
B)They cannot distinguish from those of other adults.
C)They are bored with it and prefer novel voices.
D)The cannot process it well,as the auditory system is not fully developed.

Accepted Answer

Infants are able to recognize their mother's voice soon after birth and typically show a preference for it over other adult voices. This is believed to be due to the fetus being able to hear and become familiar with the mother's voice during pregnancy. Research has shown that infants will turn their heads and exhibit more alertness when hearing their mother's voice compared to other familiar or unfamiliar voices.

Question 6

What is basic number sense?
A)knowing that the number line starts on the left
B)some understanding of how many items are in a display
C)the conceptual knowledge that some numbers are bigger than others
D)the ability to count to ten

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is basic number sense?
A)knowing that the...

Question 7

Which of the following neurological structures is NOT well-developed in humans at birth?
A)hippocampus
B)thalamus
C)medial temporal lobe
D)occipital lobe

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is not well-developed at birth in humans. It is responsible for memory formation and spatial navigation, but its development continues after birth and into childhood. The thalamus, medial temporal lobe, and occipital lobe are all relatively well-developed at birth. The thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex, the medial temporal lobe is involved in memory formation and recognition, and the occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information.

Question 8

Why might humans be born so neurologically immature relative to other animals?
A)They are bigger than some animals.
B)lack of normal exposure to nature during development
C)Increased technology available for humans has stunted neurological growth.
D)They have more complex nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

Humans are born neurologically immature because they have more complex nervous systems that require more time to develop fully. This complexity allows for the advanced cognitive functions characteristic of humans, but it means that human infants are more dependent for longer periods compared to many other species.

Question 9

A longitudinal study is __________.
A)quicker
B)more restricted
C)not prone to participant dropouts
D)more accurate

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies are designed to gather data over an extended period, making them more accurate and useful in understanding changes that occur over time. These studies can also be more costly and subject to participant dropouts, but their ability to track changes over time makes them valuable in many fields.

Question 10

Which of the following structures is well-developed in humans at birth?
A)hippocampus
B)prefrontal cortex
C)thalamus
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The thalamus is well-developed in humans at birth and is responsible for relaying sensory information to other parts of the brain. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which are important for learning and memory, undergo significant development throughout childhood and adolescence.

Question 11

Compared to a longitudinal study,a cross-sectional study is __________.
A)more accurate
B)particularly prone to participant dropouts
C)quicker
D)more correlational

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study is quicker to carry out compared to a longitudinal study as it involves collecting data at a single point in time from a sample of the population. Longitudinal studies, on the other hand, collect data over an extended period from the same sample, which can take months or even years. Cross-sectional studies may be prone to selection bias, but they are not particularly prone to participant dropouts. The accuracy and correlation of a study depend on the research design and methods used, and cannot be generalized to cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.

Question 12

The precise basic number sense system is good for __________.
A)doing math
B)counting backwards
C)large numbers of items
D)small numbers of items

Accepted Answer

The precise basic number sense system is used for small numbers of items. As the name suggests, it helps in perceiving and representing small numbers accurately, typically up to four or five. This system involves the ability to subitize, or quickly recognize the number of items in a set without counting them. It is helpful in various tasks such as counting objects, comparing numbers, adding and subtracting small quantities, and solving basic arithmetic problems.

Question 13

Which of the following is the most difficult for an infant to perceive?
A)father's voice
B)non-family-member faces
C)caricatures
D)toys

Accepted Answer

Caricatures are the most difficult for an infant to perceive because they are distorted representations of faces. Infants are more likely to recognize faces that are more realistic.

Question 14

What is a lifespan perspective?
A)knowing that people live an entire life
B)your current perspective in life distorts your perspective on the others.
C)the acknowledgement that people are always in a state of development
D)seeing a person's whole life in a one perspective

Accepted Answer

The lifespan perspective refers to the acknowledgement that people are always in a state of development, and that development occurs across the entire lifespan. It recognizes that development is influenced by multiple factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors, as well as historical and cultural influences. It emphasizes the importance of understanding development as a lifelong process, rather than as a series of isolated stages or events.

Question 15

What kind of visual images do infant prefer?
A)low-contrast
B)pictures of objects
C)high-contrast
D)fast moving

Accepted Answer

Infants prefer high-contrast visual images, as their visual system is still developing and they are better able to distinguish between contrasting colors and shapes.

Question 16

The approximate basic number sense system is good for
A)doing math
B)counting backwards
C)large numbers of items
D)small numbers of items

Accepted Answer

The approximate number sense system is better at estimating and comparing large quantities rather than counting small, exact numbers.

Question 17

Children show visual search attention processes that __________.
A)are far ahead of those of adults
B)are way behind those of adults
C)are similar to those of adults
D)can be described logarithmically

Accepted Answer

Children's visual search attention processes are similar to those of adults, although they may develop and become more efficient with age.

Question 18

How acute is infant face perception after one year?
A)still almost completely absent
B)adult-like
C)only for family members
D)halfway to adult capacity

Accepted Answer

By the age of one year, infants have shown remarkable progress in face perception, reaching levels that are nearly adult-like in their ability to recognize and differentiate between faces.

Question 19

Knowing how many things can be seen is also called __________.
A)math intelligence
B)span of apprehension
C)counting capacity
D)basic number sense

Accepted Answer

The answer of Knowing how many things can be seen...

Question 20

The acknowledgment that there is no such thing as a person who is not in some stage of development is consistent with __________.
A)a lifespan perspective
B)cognitive psychology
C)humanistic psychology
D)life

Accepted Answer

The acknowledgment that there is no such thing as a person who is not in some stage of development is consistent with a lifespan perspective, which recognizes that development occurs throughout the entire lifespan from birth to death.

Quiz 14: Cognitive Development

Which of the following would an infant find most difficult to perceive?

A study that tracks the same group of people over time is called a(n) __________ study.

How many different types of systems are involved in basic number sense?

A study that compares people in different age groups is called a(n) __________ study.

How do infants respond to the mother's voice soon after birth?

What is basic number sense?

Which of the following neurological structures is NOT well-developed in humans at birth?

Why might humans be born so neurologically immature relative to other animals?

A longitudinal study is __________.

Which of the following structures is well-developed in humans at birth?

Compared to a longitudinal study,a cross-sectional study is __________.

The precise basic number sense system is good for __________.

Which of the following is the most difficult for an infant to perceive?

What is a lifespan perspective?

What kind of visual images do infant prefer?

The approximate basic number sense system is good for

Children show visual search attention processes that __________.

How acute is infant face perception after one year?

Knowing how many things can be seen is also called __________.

The acknowledgment that there is no such thing as a person who is not in some stage of development is consistent with __________.