Question 1

Although she has a model-thin body,Janine believes that everyone around her considers her to be overweight.As a result,she drastically cuts her food consumption,and when she does eat,she makes herself vomit in order to purge the calories.Which concept best describes Janine's behaviour?
A) looking-glass self
B) taking the role of the other
C) culture of thin
D) self-fulfilling prophecy

Accepted Answer

Janine's behavior is an example of the looking-glass self, a concept that suggests individuals shape their self-concepts based on their understanding of how others perceive them. In this case, Janine believes others see her as overweight, which influences her actions and self-perception, even though her belief may not align with reality.

Question 2

According to the text,which of the following is characteristic of complex societies in ancient times with respect to socialization?
A) Socialization practices focused on personal freedoms of individuals.
B) Socialization in complex societies was similar to that of less socially complex societies.
C) Socialization in complex societies stressed the importance of social obligation and consensus.
D) Citizens in complex societies were socialized to be analytical thinkers.

Accepted Answer

The text states that in complex societies, socialization practices stressed the importance of social obligation and consensus. This suggests that individuals were trained to prioritize the needs of the group over individual freedoms, demonstrating the significance of social order in these societies. This sets complex societies apart from less socially complex ones, making option B incorrect. The text does not mention citizens being socialized to be analytical thinkers, making option D incorrect.

Question 3

According to George Herbert Mead,in which developmental stage do children begin to adopt social roles?
A) community stage
B) play stage
C) game stage
D) imitative stage

Accepted Answer

In George Herbert Mead's theory, the play stage is where children begin to adopt and play social roles, understanding perspectives other than their own.

Question 4

Friends accused Sandra of being too dedicated to her daily responsibilities,thereby making everyone else look bad.As a result,she has decided to intentionally make mistakes and fall behind on her work in order to fit in better with the others.If this is a statement about Sandra's socialization priorities,which demographic group does she most likely belong to?
A) children under 12
B) adolescents
C) adults
D) seniors

Accepted Answer

Adolescents are more likely to be influenced by peer pressure and the desire to fit in with their social group, leading them to modify their behavior, even negatively, to gain acceptance.

Question 5

Which type of theorist developed the idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy?
A) conflict theorists
B) structural functionalists
C) symbolic interactionists
D) feminist theorists

Accepted Answer

The self-fulfilling prophecy was developed by symbolic interactionists, who focus on the importance of symbols and how people interact with each other to create and maintain social reality. They argue that our perceptions and interpretations of reality are shaped by our interactions with others and that people have the power to create and change their social realities through their actions and communication.

Question 6

Which of the following was a finding of the Television Bureau of Canada (2014)in reference to Canadian television viewing habits?
A) Men watch more television than women do.
B) High-income earners watch more television than low-income Canadians.
C) Canadians in the southern-most regions watch television more than those in the North.
D) Older Canadians listen to the radio,rather than watch television.

Accepted Answer

Men watch more television than women do.

Question 7

Sarah recently met Todd.She thinks that Todd finds her funny and subsequently concludes that Todd is attracted to women with a sense of humour.Sarah's perception makes her feel good about herself and consequently more confident when she is around Todd.Which sociological concept best captures this process?
A) looking-glass self
B) primary socialization
C) taking the role of significant others
D) secondary socialization

Accepted Answer

The concept of looking-glass self describes the process of how individuals develop their sense of self through the reactions and feedback of others. In this scenario, Sarah's perception of Todd finding her funny and attractive influences her own self-perception, making her feel more confident around him.

Question 8

Ella is almost two years old.Her mother is cleaning the windows in the living room.Ella grabs a towel and begins wiping the windows with her mother.According to George Herbert Mead,what stage in the development of taking the role of the other is Ella displaying?
A) play
B) sensorimotor
C) imitation
D) game

Accepted Answer

Ella is displaying the imitation stage, as she is observing her mother and copying her actions. The play and game stages involve more structured and organized social interactions, while the sensorimotor stage is focused on the child's individual exploration of the environment.

Question 9

Most school socialization involves lessons and objectives.What component of education is a powerful socializing agent but is not a part of the formal goals of the classroom?
A) homework
B) text books
C) hidden curriculum
D) lesson plans

Accepted Answer

The hidden curriculum is a powerful socializing agent in education. It refers to the unwritten or implicit values, beliefs, and attitudes that are transmitted through the school system's routines, rituals, and interactions, but are not part of the formal curriculum or lessons. These can include things like learning social norms, values, and expectations through the school's culture, rules, and procedures. Homework, textbooks, and lesson plans are all part of the formal goals and objectives of the classroom, and are not considered part of the hidden curriculum.

Question 10

Deborah is in the process of teaching her four-year-old to share his toys with his younger sister and also his cousins when they come over to play.According to George Herbert Mead,what is being created in this undertaking?
A) generalized others
B) "I"
C) "you"
D) "me"

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deborah is in the process of teaching...

Question 11

What is one of the most important factors contributing to the growing flexibility of self?
A) resocialization
B) increasing levels of education
C) globalization
D) spread of self-help groups

Accepted Answer

Globalization has significantly contributed to the growing flexibility of self by exposing individuals to diverse cultures, ideas, and ways of life, thereby broadening their perspectives and understanding of self in a global context.

Question 12

What component of the educational system teaches students how to be contributing members of society after graduation?
A) courses in law and politics
B) mandatory volunteer hours
C) hidden curriculum
D) extracurricular activities

Accepted Answer

The hidden curriculum is the tacit set of values and assumptions transmitted to students through the education system's organization and operation. This includes teaching students about social norms, values, and behaviors necessary for them to become contributing members of society.

Question 13

Eric's mom often tells Eric to leave his computer and to go outside and play with his friends.Eric's response is,"Mom,I am playing with my friends - we just queued up to play League of Legends." What has Eric formed with other online players?
A) clique
B) virtual community
C) worldwide network
D) interest group

Accepted Answer

Eric has formed a virtual community with the other online players in League of Legends. Although they may not physically be in the same location, they are able to interact and play together through the online platform.

Question 14

The Hiltons are going Christmas shopping for their two young children.They decide to buy a Tonka truck for their son and a Barbie doll for their daughter.Which term best describes what these parents are doing?
A) sex stereotyping
B) gender stereotyping
C) primary socialization
D) gender role socialization

Accepted Answer

Gender role socialization is the process by which children learn the behaviors and attitudes that are considered appropriate for their gender. In this case, the parents are buying toys that are typically associated with boys and girls, which is an example of gender role socialization.

Question 15

Which theory views socialization as a continuous process of negotiating identities,shaping self-concepts,and including the active role of individuals in their own development?
A) feminism
B) symbolic interactionism
C) conflict
D) structural functionalism

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionism views socialization as a process of individuals actively negotiating and creating meaning through their interactions with others. This theory emphasizes the role of individuals in shaping their own identities and self-concepts through these interactions.

Question 16

A young Marine manned a helicopter machine gun during the Vietnam War and indiscriminately shot women and children in rice paddies.When asked at his court martial how he could shoot women and children,he simply replied,"It's what I am trained to do." Which socialization process best explains his emotional detachment?
A) resocialization
B) secondary socialization
C) adult socialization
D) anticipatory socialization

Accepted Answer

Resocialization is the process that best explains his emotional detachment. This process involves breaking down existing social norms and values and replacing them with new ones, often in a controlled environment. In the military, soldiers undergo resocialization to detach from their previous civilian norms and values, enabling them to follow orders and perform in combat situations without the same level of emotional engagement they might have in civilian life. This process helps explain how the young Marine could perform his duties without the emotional response that might be expected from non-military individuals.

Question 17

What is the dominant lesson that can be learned from the Stanford prison experiment?
A) One's self-concept is poorly developed in young adults.
B) One's self-concept is weakly related to social circumstances.
C) One's self-concept is strongly related to social circumstances.
D) One's self-concept is strongly developed in young adults.

Accepted Answer

The dominant lesson that can be learned from the Stanford prison experiment is that one's self-concept is strongly related to social circumstances. The experiment showed how easily people can adopt and conform to power roles and social hierarchies even when it goes against their own values and beliefs. The guards in the experiment started to see themselves as superior to the prisoners and justified their cruel behavior as necessary for maintaining order and control. This demonstrates the power of situational factors in shaping our behavior and self-concept.

Question 18

After moving to the isolated compound of the religious group,Amy's name became Daughter of the Prophet.She was required to turn over everything she owned and have no further contact with the outside world,including her family and friends.What process has Amy engaged in?
A) anticipatory socialization
B) a rite of passage
C) spiritual conversion
D) resocialization

Accepted Answer

Amy has engaged in resocialization, which involves the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors that are different from those of one's previous socialization experiences. In joining the religious group and adhering to their strict rules and expectations, she is undergoing a radical change in her social identity and role. This type of resocialization often involves a high degree of conformity and obedience to authority figures or group leaders. Anticipatory socialization refers to the process of learning about and preparing for future roles and identities, while a rite of passage involves a ritual or ceremony that recognizes and celebrates a person's transition from one status to another. While spiritual conversion may be a part of the resocialization process, it is not necessarily the only or primary focus.

Question 19

In preindustrial societies,why were children expected to grow up quickly?
A) It was believed that this would protect them from abuse.
B) In traditional societies,people were quicker at developing a mature sense of self.
C) It was due to the religious teachings of the time.
D) It was a social necessity.

Accepted Answer

In preindustrial societies, children were expected to grow up quickly because it was a social necessity. Children were often expected to contribute to the family's livelihood at an early age and needed to learn skills and responsibilities quickly. Additionally, high infant mortality rates meant that families needed to have children at a younger age to ensure that their family lineage would continue. Therefore, children were expected to grow up quickly to fulfill their expected roles in society.

Question 20

Musa was raised in a neighbourhood that was rife with drive-by shootings and gang violence.When visiting his cousins in an up-scale neighbourhood,a car drives by and backfires.Musa immediately drops to the ground and covers his head.Which sociological concept best explains Musa's actions?
A) primary socialization
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) societal influences
D) Thomas theorem

Accepted Answer

Musa's reaction is best explained by the Thomas theorem, which posits that if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. Musa's upbringing in a violent neighborhood conditioned him to associate the sound of a backfiring car with gunfire, leading him to react as if he were in danger, even though he was in a safe environment. This demonstrates how individuals' perceptions of reality, shaped by their experiences, can influence their actions.

Quiz 4: Socialization

Although she has a model-thin body,Janine believes that everyone around her considers her to be overweight.As a result,she drastically cuts her food consumption,and when she does eat,she makes herself vomit in order to purge the calories.Which concept best describes Janine's behaviour?

According to the text,which of the following is characteristic of complex societies in ancient times with respect to socialization?

According to George Herbert Mead,in which developmental stage do children begin to adopt social roles?

Which type of theorist developed the idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Which of the following was a finding of the Television Bureau of Canada (2014) in reference to Canadian television viewing habits?

Ella is almost two years old.Her mother is cleaning the windows in the living room.Ella grabs a towel and begins wiping the windows with her mother.According to George Herbert Mead,what stage in the development of taking the role of the other is Ella displaying?

Most school socialization involves lessons and objectives.What component of education is a powerful socializing agent but is not a part of the formal goals of the classroom?

Deborah is in the process of teaching her four-year-old to share his toys with his younger sister and also his cousins when they come over to play.According to George Herbert Mead,what is being created in this undertaking?

What is one of the most important factors contributing to the growing flexibility of self?

What component of the educational system teaches students how to be contributing members of society after graduation?

Eric's mom often tells Eric to leave his computer and to go outside and play with his friends.Eric's response is,"Mom,I am playing with my friends - we just queued up to play League of Legends." What has Eric formed with other online players?

The Hiltons are going Christmas shopping for their two young children.They decide to buy a Tonka truck for their son and a Barbie doll for their daughter.Which term best describes what these parents are doing?

Which theory views socialization as a continuous process of negotiating identities,shaping self-concepts,and including the active role of individuals in their own development?

What is the dominant lesson that can be learned from the Stanford prison experiment?

After moving to the isolated compound of the religious group,Amy's name became Daughter of the Prophet.She was required to turn over everything she owned and have no further contact with the outside world,including her family and friends.What process has Amy engaged in?

In preindustrial societies,why were children expected to grow up quickly?

Musa was raised in a neighbourhood that was rife with drive-by shootings and gang violence.When visiting his cousins in an up-scale neighbourhood,a car drives by and backfires.Musa immediately drops to the ground and covers his head.Which sociological concept best explains Musa's actions?