Question 1

By altering metabolism, the _____ gland can have a sizable effect on personality with overactivity of this gland causing excitability and nervousness and underactivity of this gland causing one to be lethargic and sleepy.
A)pineal
B)thyroid
C)adrenal
D)pituitary

Accepted Answer

The statement is describing the effects of the thyroid gland on personality. Overactive thyroid gland results in hyperthyroidism, which causes excitability and nervousness while an underactive thyroid gland results in hypothyroidism, which can cause lethargy and sleepiness. The other glands listed do not directly affect metabolism and personality in the same way as the thyroid gland.

Question 2

Terri shows inactivity, sleepiness, slowness, and has gained weight.A problem was found in her endocrine system.She would most likely have a(n)
A)overactive thyroid gland.
B)underactive thyroid gland.
C)adrenal gland virilism.
D)complication of anabolic steroids.

Accepted Answer

Terri is showing symptoms of hypothyroidism, which is caused by an underactive thyroid gland. This can lead to a slowdown in metabolism, causing weight gain, inactivity, sleepiness, and slowness. Adrenal gland virilism and complications of anabolic steroids would present with different symptoms. An overactive thyroid gland would cause symptoms such as weight loss, hyperactivity, and insomnia.

Question 3

The adrenal medulla secretes
A)corticoids.
B)epinephrine and norepinephrine.
C)melatonin.
D)GLD.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medulla is responsible for the secretion of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones play a key role in the body's stress response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration in preparation for fight or flight situations. Corticoids are secreted by the adrenal cortex, while melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. There is no hormone called GLD that is secreted by the adrenal medulla.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a correct match?
A)pineal gland--------melatonin
B)pituitary gland-----growth hormone
C)adrenal gland------epinephrine
D)thyroid gland------corticoids

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones, not corticoids. Corticoids are secreted by the adrenal gland.

Question 5

Jasmine is experiencing jet lag after a long flight, that is, her body had difficulty adjusting to the time difference so that she felt sleepy when she should be awake and vice versa.Which gland and hormone are responsible for Jasmine's condition?
A)thyroid gland-----thyroxin
B)adrenal gland----epinephrine
C)adrenal gland----norepinephrine
D)pineal gland------melatonin

Accepted Answer

The pineal gland is responsible for the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Jet lag occurs when the body's natural circadian rhythm is disrupted due to travel across multiple time zones. The production of melatonin is also disrupted, leading to difficulty adjusting to the new time zone.

Question 6

Fernado has developed a powerful craving for the taste of salt.The doctor finds that he has a deficiency in
A)thyroxin.
B)epinephrine.
C)corticoids.
D)norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

Corticoids are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that help regulate several body functions, including sodium and water balance. A deficiency in corticoids can lead to a condition called Addison's disease, which is characterized by low blood pressure, fatigue, and cravings for salty foods. Therefore, a deficiency in corticoids could be the cause of Fernando's craving for salt.

Question 7

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by the
A)adrenal medulla.
B)adrenal cortex.
C)thyroid gland.
D)pineal gland.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are catecholamine hormones and are produced by the adrenal medulla, which is located in the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex produces other types of hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone, and the pineal gland produces melatonin.

Question 8

Children who have premature puberty resulting in full sexual development have
A)given birth as early as five years of age.
B)an oversecretion of pituitary growth hormones.
C)an undersecretion of adrenal sex hormones.
D)a thyroid disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children who have premature puberty resulting in...

Question 9

The _____ gland located in the neck, regulates the rate at which energy is produced and expended in the body.
A)pineal
B)thyroid
C)adrenal
D)pituitary

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland, located in the neck, is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate metabolism and the rate at which energy is produced and expended in the body. The pineal gland is located in the brain and is responsible for regulating sleep and wake cycles. The adrenal gland is located above the kidneys and produces hormones that help the body respond to stress. The pituitary gland, also located in the brain, controls the release of hormones from other glands in the body.

Question 10

Hypothyroidism in infancy leads to
A)severe mental retardation.
B)acromegaly.
C)virilism.
D)spina bifida.

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism in infancy, if left untreated, can lead to severe mental retardation. This is because thyroid hormones are critical for brain development in the early stages of life. Acromegaly is caused by excessive growth hormone, virilism is caused by excessive androgen hormones, and spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the spinal cord, none of which are caused by hypothyroidism in infancy.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct match?
A)pituitary------------adrenaline
B)thyroid--------------metabolism
C)adrenal gland------dwarfism
D)adrenal cortex-----growth hormone

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism in the body.

Question 12

Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are associated with
A)sleep and wake cycles.
B)the rate of energy production and expenditure in the body.
C)bodily growth rates.
D)salt balance and the body's ability to resist stress.

Accepted Answer

Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, such as cortisol and aldosterone, are involved in salt balance and the body's ability to resist stress. They regulate blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and response to stressors such as infection or injury. Hormones associated with sleep and wake cycles are primarily secreted by the pineal gland and hypothalamus, while growth hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland. Hormones associated with energy production and expenditure are primarily secreted by the thyroid gland and pancreas.

Question 13

Overactivity of the _____ gland leads to tenseness, nervousness, and excitability.
A)thymus
B)thyroid
C)hippocampus
D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland controls metabolism and energy levels in the body. Overactivity of the thyroid gland (known as hyperthyroidism) can lead to symptoms such as nervousness, tenseness, and excitability. The thymus gland plays a role in immune function, the hippocampus is involved in memory and learning, and the cerebellum controls coordination and movement.

Question 14

Which endocrine gland(s) arouse the body, regulate salt balance, adjust the body to stress, and affect sexual functioning?
A)pineal gland
B)thyroid glands
C)adrenal glands
D)parathyroids

Accepted Answer

The adrenal glands are responsible for releasing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which arouse the body, regulate salt balance, and adjust the body to stress. They also produce hormones that affect sexual functioning. The pineal gland regulates sleep-wake cycles, the thyroid glands regulate metabolism, and the parathyroids regulate calcium levels in the blood.

Question 15

The adrenal cortex secretes
A)corticoids.
B)epinephrine and norepinephrine.
C)melatonin.
D)GLD.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal cortex secretes corticoids such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the adrenal medulla. Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. GLD is not a hormone or substance secreted by any endocrine gland.

Question 16

Darlene experienced an increase in blood pressure, was extremely irritable, and her eyeballs appeared to be bulging out on several occasions.Her doctor found that one of her endocrine glands was producing too much of its hormone.Darlene most likely has a(n)
A)overactive thyroid gland.
B)underactive thyroid gland.
C)adrenal gland virilism.
D)complication of anabolic steroids.

Accepted Answer

Darlene's symptoms (high blood pressure, irritability, bulging eyeballs) are consistent with hyperthyroidism, which is caused by an overactive thyroid gland. The adrenal gland virilism option is not supported by the given symptoms, and there is no indication that Darlene is taking anabolic steroids.

Question 17

_____ is the hormone that is associated with fear and tends to arouse the body, while the _____ is a hormone that also arouses the body, but is linked with anger.
A)Norepinephrine; epinephrine
B)Epinephrine; norepinephrine
C)Melatonin; testosterone
D)Testoterone; melatonin

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine is associated with the fight-or-flight response and fear, while norepinephrine is linked with arousal and anger.

Question 18

Margaret has problems with virilism.Which gland or part of a gland is malfunctioning?
A)pineal gland
B)thyroid gland
C)adrenal cortex
D)adrenal medulla

Accepted Answer

Virilism is a condition in which there is an excess of male hormones (androgens) in a female body. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing and releasing androgens in the body, so if there is a malfunction in this gland, it can lead to conditions like virilism. The pineal gland is responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles, the thyroid gland for regulating metabolism, and the adrenal medulla for releasing hormones like adrenaline in response to stress. None of these glands are directly related to virilism.

Question 19

Virilism
A)is caused by overactivity of the pituitary gland.
B)results in acromegaly.
C)can cause a man's voice to extremely deepen.
D)is a result of hyperthyroidism.

Accepted Answer

Virilism is a condition resulting from excessive production or exposure to androgens (male hormones), leading to the development of masculine characteristics. This can include deepening of the voice, increased body hair growth, and enlargement of the clitoris in females. It is not caused by overactivity of the pituitary gland, hyperthyroidism, or result in acromegaly (enlargement of bones in the face, hands, and feet, typically caused by excessive growth hormone production).

Question 20

The _____ glands are located just under the back of the rib cage, atop the kidneys.
A)adrenal
B)thyroid
C)pineal
D)parathyroid

Accepted Answer

The question specifically mentions that the glands are located on top of the kidneys, which refers to the adrenal glands. The other gland options (thyroid, pineal, and parathyroid) are not located in this area.

Quiz 2: Extension B: Brain and Behavior

By altering metabolism, the _____ gland can have a sizable effect on personality with overactivity of this gland causing excitability and nervousness and underactivity of this gland causing one to be lethargic and sleepy.

Terri shows inactivity, sleepiness, slowness, and has gained weight.A problem was found in her endocrine system.She would most likely have a(n)

The adrenal medulla secretes

Which of the following is NOT a correct match?

Jasmine is experiencing jet lag after a long flight, that is, her body had difficulty adjusting to the time difference so that she felt sleepy when she should be awake and vice versa.Which gland and hormone are responsible for Jasmine's condition?

Fernado has developed a powerful craving for the taste of salt.The doctor finds that he has a deficiency in

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by the

Children who have premature puberty resulting in full sexual development have

The _____ gland located in the neck, regulates the rate at which energy is produced and expended in the body.

Hypothyroidism in infancy leads to

Which of the following is a correct match?

Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are associated with

Overactivity of the _____ gland leads to tenseness, nervousness, and excitability.

Which endocrine gland(s) arouse the body, regulate salt balance, adjust the body to stress, and affect sexual functioning?

The adrenal cortex secretes

Darlene experienced an increase in blood pressure, was extremely irritable, and her eyeballs appeared to be bulging out on several occasions.Her doctor found that one of her endocrine glands was producing too much of its hormone.Darlene most likely has a(n)

_ is the hormone that is associated with fear and tends to arouse the body, while the _ is a hormone that also arouses the body, but is linked with anger.

Margaret has problems with virilism.Which gland or part of a gland is malfunctioning?

Virilism

The _____ glands are located just under the back of the rib cage, atop the kidneys.