Question 1

Glaucoma is usually caused by

Accepted Answer

Glaucoma is usually caused by the accumulation of aqueous humor, which leads to increased pressure within the eye and can damage the optic nerve. Clouding of the lens or lens capsule is associated with cataracts, while accumulation of vitreous humor is associated with floaters or detached retina.

Question 2

Lorelei thinks of the days of the week and months of the year as particular colors. She has

Accepted Answer

Lorelei's experience of associating colors with days of the week and months of the year is an example of synesthesia, a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. It is not related to deficiencies in neurons or synapses.

Question 3

The stapes transmit vibrations to the round window of the inner ear.

Accepted Answer

The stapes transmits vibrations to the oval window of the inner ear, not the round window.

Question 4

A cochlear implant treats

Accepted Answer

A cochlear implant is designed to treat sensorineural deafness, which is caused by damage to the hair cells in the inner ear or the auditory nerve. It bypasses the damaged hair cells by directly stimulating the auditory nerve with electrical signals, allowing sounds to be perceived. It is not effective for other types of hearing loss such as conductive deafness caused by problems in the outer or middle ear.

Question 5

A curvature defect of the lens or cornea in which some parts of an image are in focus on the retina and other parts are blurred and vision is distorted is called

Accepted Answer

Astigmatism is a curvature defect of the lens or cornea in which some parts of an image are in focus on the retina and other parts are blurred and vision is distorted, while presbyopia, hyperopia, and myopia all refer to refractive errors that cause blurred vision in different ways.

Question 6

The painkiller sold as Ziconotide comes from a

Accepted Answer

Ziconotide is derived from the venom of a species of sea snail known as Conus magus or Conus geographus.

Question 7

Referred pain occurs when the brain projects the sensation back to the original source in the body from which the pain originated.

Accepted Answer

Referred pain occurs when pain is perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus, due to the network of interconnecting sensory nerves.

Question 8

Stretching of tissues can cause pain sensations to arise from visceral organs.

Accepted Answer

Stretching of tissues in visceral organs can activate pain receptors and cause pain sensations.

Question 9

Opiate drugs used to treat pain come from a

Accepted Answer

Opiate drugs, such as morphine and codeine, are derived from the opium poppy plant.

Question 10

Movement of hair cells in the semicircular canals signals

Accepted Answer

The movement of hair cells in the semicircular canals signals the direction of motion to the brain, which helps to maintain balance and spatial orientation. It does not involve sound waves or the frequency/velocity of the movement.

Question 11

Sensory receptors are specialized cells or multicellular structures that collect information from the environment and stimulate neurons to send impulses along sensory fibers to the brain, where the cerebral cortex forms a perception.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the function of sensory receptors in the nervous system.

Question 12

A person who is colorblind lacks

Accepted Answer

Colorblindness is caused by a deficiency or absence of one type of photopigment, which are the chemicals in the photoreceptor cells of the eye that detect color. This deficiency can be genetic or acquired. The person with colorblindness can still have retinas, corneas, and the genes that encode the proteins in rod cells.

Question 13

The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors associated with the sense of dynamic equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors for static equilibrium and linear acceleration, not dynamic equilibrium, which is associated with the semicircular canals.

Question 14

Farsightedness after the age of forty-five is most likely caused by

Accepted Answer

Farsightedness, also known as presbyopia, after the age of forty-five is caused by a loss of lens capsule elasticity, which makes it difficult for the eyes to focus on nearby objects. This is a natural part of aging and affects almost everyone to some degree.

Question 15

Treatment for cataract is usually removal of the

Accepted Answer

Cataract is the clouding of the lens of the eye, hence the treatment involves the removal of the affected lens through a surgical procedure.

Question 16

Receptors that are stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations are called thermoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

Receptors that are stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations are called chemoreceptors, not thermoreceptors.

Question 17

Smell and taste disorders may be caused by

Accepted Answer

Smell and taste disorders can be caused by various factors, including side effects of medications, allergies, and head injuries. Therefore, option D is correct as it includes all the possible causes of smell and taste disorders.

Question 18

Jenny slurps up a plate of beef lo mein at a Chinese restaurant. "That tastes great, but I can't quite describe it." What type of taste sensation is she experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Umami is a taste sensation often described as savory, meaty, or brothy. It is one of the five basic tastes, along with sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. Beef and other meats are known to have high levels of umami.

Question 19

Otosclerosis affects the

Accepted Answer

Otosclerosis is a condition that causes abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, specifically the auditory ossicles (small bones of the middle ear). This growth can interfere with the transmission of sound vibrations to the inner ear, leading to hearing loss.

Question 20

General senses result from stimulation of receptors in the head only.

Accepted Answer

General senses refer to the sensations such as touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and proprioception that are perceived throughout the body, not just in the head.

Quiz 12: Nervous System III: Senses