Quiz 9: Muscular System
Biology
Q 1Q 1
Functions of muscles include
A) heartbeat.
B) muscle tone.
C) moving bones.
D) all of the above.
Free
Multiple Choice
D
Q 2Q 2
The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is the
A) epimysium.
B) perimysium.
C) endomysium.
D) sarcomysium.
Free
Multiple Choice
A
Q 3Q 3
Myofibrils are composed primarily of
A) actin and myosin.
B) perimysium and endomysium.
C) troponin and tropomyosin.
D) fascia and tendons.
Free
Multiple Choice
A
Q 4Q 4
The striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibers results from the
A) transverse tubule pattern.
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum network.
C) sarcomere organization.
D) cisternae placement.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 5Q 5
A sarcomere is best described as
A) a part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B) a group of fascicles.
C) a group of muscle fibers.
D) a unit within a muscle fiber.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 6Q 6
Transverse tubules
A) store sodium ions for the action potential at the cell surface.
B) transmit muscle impulses into the cell interior.
C) store calcium ions.
D) connect actin and myosin.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 7Q 7
The discoloration and swelling of a muscle strain is due to
A) excess myofibrils.
B) separated tendons.
C) severed nerves.
D) ruptured blood vessels.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 8Q 8
A tendon is ______, whereas an aponeurosis is ______.
A) cordlike and connects bones to bones; a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles
B) a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles; cordlike and connects bones to bones
C) cordlike and connects muscles to bones; a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles
D) a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects bones to bones; cordlike and connects muscles to muscles
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 9Q 9
Muscle fibers are basically a collection of
A) muscles.
B) sarcomeres.
C) connective tissue fibers.
D) synapses.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 10Q 10
Transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are well developed in
A) smooth muscle fibers.
B) skeletal muscle fibers.
C) cardiac muscle fibers.
D) skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 11Q 11
The functional unit of muscle contraction is
A) the muscle.
B) the muscle fiber.
C) the myosin cross-bridge.
D) the sarcomere.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 12Q 12
Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles in
A) myofibrils.
B) motor units.
C) motor end plates.
D) motor neuron endings.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 13Q 13
The enzyme acetylecholinesterase causes acetylcholine to
A) bind to actin.
B) be secreted from the motor end plate.
C) decompose.
D) form cross-bridges.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 14Q 14
Creatine phosphate
A) causes the decomposition of ATP.
B) causes the decomposition of ADP.
C) supplies energy for the synthesis of ATP.
D) supplies energy for the breakdown of ATP to ADP.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 15Q 15
The amount of oxygen liver cells require to support the conversion of lactic acid to produce glucose or glycogen is the
A) refractory quantity.
B) oxygen debt.
C) anaerobic concentration.
D) aerobic conversion.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 16Q 16
Tawanda finishes a sprint and suffers great pain in her calf muscles. Her muscle cramps are most likely due to a temporary deficit of
A) actin.
B) myosin.
C) ATP.
D) ADP.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 17Q 17
Binding sites on the surface of actin allow the formation of cross-bridges with molecules of
A) ATP.
B) myosin.
C) troponin.
D) tropomyosin.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 18Q 18
Athletes usually experience muscle fatigue less quickly than nonathletes because they
A) convert glucose to lactic acid.
B) tolerate high concentrations of carbon dioxide.
C) make more efficient use of ATP.
D) produce less lactic acid.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 19Q 19
At a neuromuscular junction, the muscle fiber membrane folds, forming a
A) motor neuron.
B) neurotransmitter.
C) motor unit.
D) motor end plate.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 20Q 20
The toxin that causes botulism
A) prevents release of acetylcholine.
B) promotes release of acetylcholine.
C) decomposes acetylcholine.
D) prevents decomposition of acetylcholine.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 21Q 21
Rigor mortis affects skeletal muscles a few hours after death, due to
A) an increase in ATP and decreased permeability to calcium.
B) a decrease in ATP and increased permeability to calcium.
C) an increase in ATP.
D) impulses that produce sustained contractions.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
At a neuromuscular junction
A) actin and myosin filaments slide past one another.
B) troponin and tropomyosin exchange places.
C) neurotransmitters are released.
D) intercalated discs are synthesized.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
The first event in muscle fiber contraction is that
A) the muscle fiber membrane is stimulated and a muscle impulse travels deep into the fiber through transverse tubules.
B) acetylcholine diffuses across a gap at a neuromuscular junction.
C) acetylcholine is released from the end of the motor neuron.
D) calcium ions diffuse from sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm and bind to troponin molecules.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific sites on myosin filaments.
B) Actin filaments slide along myosin filaments.
C) Cross-bridges form between actin and the sarcolemma.
D) Filaments of troponin and tropomyosin slide past one another.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
The functional connection between a neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber is a
A) synapse.
B) fascia.
C) neuroma.
D) dendrite.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
__________ degrades acetylcholine, keeping it from accumulating in the synapse.
A) ATPase
B) Myosinase
C) Actinase
D) Acetylcholinesterase
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
Arrange the following steps of muscle fiber contraction in the correct sequence.
1) The muscle impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium is released.
2) Thin filaments are pulled over the thick filaments.
3) Calcium floods the sarcoplasm and binds to troponin molecules leaving active sites.
4) The impulse arrives at the synapse and travels through the transverse tubules.
5) The muscle fiber shortens and contracts.
6) Myosin heads bind to exposed active sites on actin, forming cross-bridges.
7-30-2013
A) 4, 1, 3, 5, 6, 2
B) 4, 1, 3, 2, 6, 5
C) 4, 1, 3, 6, 2, 5
D) 4, 3, 6, 2, 5, 1
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
A shift in metabolism that breaks down pyruvic acid to lactic acid is called
A) aerobic threshold.
B) lactic acid threshold.
C) pyruvic acid threshold.
D) glycogenic threshold.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
Oxygen debt in muscles may develop because of
A) the inability of respiratory and circulatory systems to supply enough oxygen to skeletal muscles when used strenuously for a minute or two.
B) the inability of myoglobin molecules to store enough oxygen when skeletal muscles are used strenuously for a minute or two.
C) too much oxygen used in forming pyruvic acid when skeletal muscles are contracted strenuously for a minute or two.
D) too high a concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
When ATP levels are low, the relationship between ATP and creatine phosphate is that
A) ATP supplies energy to synthesize creatine phosphate from creatine and phosphate.
B) creatine phosphate supplies energy to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate.
C) both have three phosphate groups.
D) both are required to stimulate a muscle to contract.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
The characteristic reddish brown color of skeletal muscle comes from which substance?
A) Actin
B) Myosin
C) Myoglobin
D) Calcium
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
A motor unit is
A) many myofibrils in a sarcolemma.
B) many motor end plates at a neuromuscular junction.
C) a motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it.
D) the functional unit of a muscle fiber.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
During muscle contraction ATP supplies energy for
A) creatine phosphate synthesis.
B) glycogen synthesis.
C) myofilament movement.
D) enzyme activity.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
Skeletal muscles help maintain body temperature in that
A) the more active they are, the more heat is used up.
B) the more active they are, the more heat is released.
C) excess myosin is quickly metabolized to yield heat.
D) they conserve actin and myosin in cold weather.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
Threshold stimulus is the
A) maximum stimulus required to release acetylcholine.
B) minimum stimulus required to produce ATP.
C) maximum stimulus required to contract a muscle.
D) minimum strength of stimulation required to contract a muscle fiber.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
A myogram is
A) a chart that shows how many muscle cells a neuron synapses with.
B) a recording of the events of a twitch.
C) a measurement of muscle tone.
D) a depiction of the results of a stress test.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
A plank position is part of a yoga/Pilates workout. The person supports the body on the floor in a prone position with the arms and feet supporting the body. It is a little like the "up" position of a push-up, held for 30 to 60 seconds. Contraction of the abdominal muscles in a plank is most likely
A) isotonic.
B) eccentric.
C) isometric.
D) concentric.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
An example of a partial but sustained contraction is
A) knee jerking.
B) muscle tone.
C) a twitch.
D) eye blinking.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
Which of the following is not true?
A) Red fibers contract more slowly than white.
B) Red fibers contain more myoglobin than white.
C) Red fibers have fewer mitochondria than white.
D) Red fibers fatigue more slowly than white.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
The increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense stimulation is called
A) latency.
B) recruitment.
C) threshold stimulation.
D) sustained contraction.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
In a recording of a muscle twitch, the delay between the time a stimulus is applied and the time the muscle responds is called the
A) refractory period.
B) relaxation period.
C) latent period.
D) contraction period.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
A muscle fiber exposed to a series of stimuli of increasing frequency combines individual twitches (summation) which results in
A) complete sustained contraction.
B) muscle tone.
C) a latent period.
D) flaccid muscles.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
Activities such as distance swimming and distance running are most likely to stimulate development of
A) slow fatigable muscle fibers.
B) fast fatigable muscle fibers.
C) slow fatigue-resistant fibers.
D) fast fatigue-resistant fibers.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
Smooth muscle lacks
A) actin and myosin.
B) transverse tubules and striations.
C) myofibrils.
D) nuclei and mitochondria.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
Smooth muscle has ___________ and not troponin.
A) calmodulin
B) fibronectin
C) norepinephrine
D) titin
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
When a muscle undergoes atrophy in response to disuse
A) there is a reduction in capillary networks.
B) the size of actin and myosin filaments decreases.
C) the muscle gets smaller.
D) all of the above.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
A) contracts more slowly and relaxes more slowly.
B) contracts more slowly and relaxes more rapidly.
C) contracts more rapidly and relaxes more slowly.
D) contracts more rapidly and relaxes more rapidly.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
The type of muscle cell that lacks transverse tubules, has a single nucleus, and is under involuntary control is
A) skeletal muscle.
B) smooth muscle.
C) cardiac muscle.
D) striated muscle.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
Short muscle cells with centrally located nuclei are
A) smooth muscle fibers.
B) skeletal muscle fibers.
C) cardiac muscle fibers.
D) striated muscle fibers.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
Both acetylcholine and norepinephrine can affect
A) smooth muscle contraction.
B) skeletal muscle contraction.
C) synthesis of actin and myosin.
D) exercise tolerance.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
The structures that connect cardiac muscle cells are
A) intervertebral discs.
B) neuromuscular junctions.
C) intercalated discs.
D) motor end plates.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
Cardiac muscle
A) contracts as a syncytium.
B) excites itself.
C) is only in the heart.
D) all of the above.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
Bones and muscles function as mechanical devices called
A) lifts.
B) levers.
C) syncytia.
D) ladders.
Free
Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
The muscle that causes an action is the
A) synergist.
B) antagonist.
C) agonist.
D) mediator.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
A muscle that assists the agonist is a(n)
A) antagonist.
B) prime mover.
C) mediator.
D) synergist.
Free
Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
The muscle that adducts and flexes the arm is the
A) coracobrachialis.
B) pectoralis minor.
C) levator scapulae.
D) teres major.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
The muscle that opposes a particular action is called the
A) synergist.
B) antagonist.
C) agonist.
D) prime mover.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
The linea alba is
A) a muscle extending from the ischial spine to the coccyx and sacrum.
B) a curved, broad muscle on the side of the chest.
C) a muscle beneath the skull.
D) a band of tough connective tissue to which abdominal wall muscles attach.
Free
Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Q 62Q 62
Which of the following is not a muscle of mastication?
A) Medial and lateral pterygoid
B) Masseter
C) Temporalis
D) Zygomaticus
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 63Q 63
Which of the following is unique in that its insertion is to fascia and not bone?
A) palmaris longus
B) extensor carpi ulnaris
C) flexor digitorum profundus
D) extensor digitorum
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 64Q 64
The triangle of auscultation, commonly used to hear sounds of respiratory organs, is located near the border of the
A) pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.
B) trapezius and latissimus dorsi.
C) latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior.
D) pectoralis major and serratus anterior.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 65Q 65
A gluteal gait, in which a person walks with a waddling limp, is usually caused by a disorder of the
A) gluteus maximus and gluteus medius.
B) gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus.
C) gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
D) gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 66Q 66
A sign of aging of the muscular system is
A) expansion of muscle fiber diameters.
B) decreased supplies of myoglobin to muscles.
C) excess ATP.
D) increased creatine phosphate.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 67Q 67
Regina began an exercise program six months ago, and the muscles of her upper limbs and lower limbs are more prominent. Exercise can lead to formation of new muscle by
A) stimulating synthesis of myoglobin.
B) stimulating skeletal muscle cells to release IL-6, which stimulates satellite cells to divide, producing more muscle cells.
C) stimulating connective tissue to differentiate as muscle tissue.
D) stimulating motor neurons to divide and innervate more muscle cells.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 68Q 68
Muscle atrophy that progresses with aging is caused by reduction in
A) ATP.
B) myoglobin.
C) the sizes of muscle fibers.
D) all of the above.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 69Q 69
People with myasthenia gravis have a deficiency of
A) titin molecules.
B) troponin molecules.
C) acetylcholine receptors
D) sarcomeres.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 70Q 70
Myasthenia gravis is
A) an autoimmune disorder.
B) a bacterial infection.
C) a form of cancer.
D) the result of injury.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 71Q 71
A weightlifter uses muscles so the muscles exert more than 75% of their maximum tension, This stimulates
A) an increase in slow, fatigable white fibers.
B) muscle fibers developing new filaments of actin and myosin.
C) shrinking of skeletal muscle.
D) conversion of skeletal to smooth muscle.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 72Q 72
Fibers of muscles whose motor neurons are severed
A) hypertrophy.
B) may be replaced by fat or fibrous connective tissue.
C) cannot ever be reinnervated.
D) die as their sarcomeres are progressively eliminated.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 73Q 73
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome causes
A) headache.
B) ringing in the ears.
C) clicking sound from the jaw.
D) all of the above.
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Multiple Choice
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True False
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True False
Q 76Q 76
In the initiation of muscle fiber contraction, calcium ions bind to tropomyosin, exposing active sites on actin for cross-bridge formation.
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True False
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True False
Q 78Q 78
Acetylcholine released by the myofibril crosses the synaptic cleft to bind to the motor neuron ending.
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True False
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True False
Q 80Q 80
A broad sheet of dense connective tissue that attaches the coverings of adjacent muscles is called an ______.
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Short Answer
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Short Answer
Q 82Q 82
In order to stimulate skeletal muscle fibers, motor neurons release the neurotransmitter ______.
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Short Answer
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Short Answer
Q 85Q 85
The combining of a series of twitches to produce a more forceful contraction is called ______.
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Short Answer
Q 86Q 86
The rhythmic, wavelike motion produced by smooth muscles in tubular visceral organs is called _______.
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Short Answer
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Short Answer
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Short Answer
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Short Answer