Question 1

The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n)
A) long bone.
B) flat bone.
C) short bone.
D) irregular bone.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

In a child, a vitamin D deficiency results in ______, whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ______.
A) pituitary dwarfism; rickets
B) rickets; retardation of bone development
C) excess calcium absorption; osteomalacia
D) soft bones; rickets

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency in children leads to rickets, characterized by softening and weakening of the bones. Vitamin A deficiency can result in various health issues, including problems with vision, but it does not directly cause rickets or retardation of bone development as implied in the question. The correct pairing according to the question's structure is not directly provided, indicating a potential error in the question or answer choices. However, based on the options given, B is the closest to accurately reflecting the consequences of these deficiencies, despite the inaccuracy in the description of vitamin A deficiency effects.

Question 3

Which of the following is(are) an example of an intramembranous bone?
A) Broad, flat skull bones
B) Phalanges of the fingers
C) Humerus
D) Femur

Accepted Answer

Broad, flat skull bones such as the parietal and frontal bones are examples of intramembranous bones. They are formed from mesenchymal tissue within a membranous layer, without a cartilage precursor. The phalanges of the fingers, humerus, and femur are all formed from cartilage precursors and are therefore examples of endochondral bones.

Question 4

Which one of the following is true?
A) Osteoblasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down calcified bone matrix.
B) Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.
C) Osteoclasts secrete bone matrix and become osteoblasts.
D) Osteoclasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts are responsible for depositing new bone matrix and when they are trapped within the matrix they become osteocytes. Osteoclasts, on the other hand, break down bone matrix to release calcium and other minerals.

Question 5

The term "bone" can refer to
A) a tissue, an organ, or a type of cell.
B) a tissue or an organ only.
C) a tissue only
D) an organ only.

Accepted Answer

Bones are considered a type of tissue (osseous tissue), an organ (each bone is an organ made up of multiple tissues), and they contain bone cells (osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts).

Question 6

A bone thickens
A) as a result of cell division in the medullary cavity.
B) due to increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts.
C) as a result of increased activity within the epiphyseal plate.
D) as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis.

Accepted Answer

Bone thickening occurs as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis. This results in the formation of layers of bone tissue that increase the diameter and strength of the bone. Option A is incorrect because cell division does not occur in the medullary cavity, which is filled with marrow. Option B is incorrect because osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down bone tissue, not creating it. Option C is incorrect because activity in the epiphyseal plate is involved in bone growth and lengthening, not thickening.

Question 7

Which of the following groups of bones, based on shape, is associated with an incorrect example?
A) Long bones - forearm bones
B) Short bones - wrist and ankle bones
C) Flat bones - thigh bones
D) Irregular bones - vertebrae

Accepted Answer

Thigh bones, also known as femurs, are not flat bones. They are long bones.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a step in endochondral bone formation?
A) Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.
B) Periosteum forms from connective tissue outside the developing bone.
C) Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
D) Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage does not change into adipose tissue during endochondral bone formation. It is replaced by osseous tissue deposited by osteoblasts.

Question 9

Osteoblasts are ______, whereas osteocytes are ______.
A) bone-forming cells; bone-dissolving cells
B) mature bone cells; bone-forming cells
C) bone-forming cells; mature bone cells
D) bone-dissolving cells; mature bone cells

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that deposit new bone matrix, whereas osteocytes are mature bone cells that are involved in the maintenance of bone tissue.

Question 10

Articular cartilage of a long bone is found
A) on the outer surface of the epiphyses.
B) inside the medullary cavity.
C) on the outer surface of the diaphysis.
D) in the spaces of the spongy bone.

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage is found on the outer surface of the epiphyses, which are the rounded ends of long bones that articulate with other bones to form joints. It is not found inside the medullary cavity, on the outer surface of the diaphysis, or in the spaces of the spongy bone.

Question 11

All of the following are functions of bones except
A) to protect certain internal organs.
B) to provide a source for red and white blood cells.
C) to provide a set point for the control of blood pressure and body temperature.
D) to store inorganic salts.

Accepted Answer

Bones do not provide a set point for the control of blood pressure and body temperature. This is a function of the hypothalamus in the brain. Bones do, however, protect internal organs, provide a source for blood cells, and store inorganic salts.

Question 12

A bone lengthens
A) as a result of cell division in the medullary cavity.
B) due to increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts.
C) as a result of increased activity within the epiphyseal plate.
D) as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis.

Accepted Answer

The epiphyseal plate is a region of actively dividing cartilage cells that allows for bone lengthening. As the cartilage cells divide, they push the bone further away from the epiphysis and increase its length.

Question 13

Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of ______ , which as a result decreases the rate of cell division of ______.
A) thyroid hormones; osteocytes in the periosteum
B) growth hormone; fat cells in the medullary cavity
C) thyroid hormones; osteoclasts in the compact bone
D) growth hormone ; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate

Accepted Answer

Pituitary dwarfism results from decreased secretion of growth hormone, which is responsible for promoting cell division in the cartilage cells of the epiphyseal plate. This leads to stunted growth and short stature.

Question 14

Articular cartilage is
A) fibrocartilage.
B) found only in the knees and elbows.
C) elastic cartilage.
D) hyaline cartilage.

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage is a type of hyaline cartilage that covers the surfaces of bones in synovial joints, helping to reduce friction and absorb shock during movement.

Question 15

Compact bone has ________, whereas spongy bone has __________.
A) spaces that reduce the weight of bone; tightly packed matrix that is solid
B) osteons; trabeculae
C) trabeculae; osteons
D) osteocytes; no osteocytes

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is characterized by osteons, which are cylindrical structures consisting of concentric layers of calcified matrix surrounding a central canal. Spongy bone, on the other hand, consists of a lattice-like network of trabeculae which are irregularly arranged lamellae.

Question 16

Which of the following is not found associated with spongy bone?
A) Trabeculae
B) Osteons
C) Canaliculi
D) Osteocytes

Accepted Answer

Osteons are not found in spongy bone, but rather in compact bone. Trabeculae, canaliculi, and osteocytes are all found in spongy bone.

Question 17

Osteoclasts are
A) cells that secrete bone matrix.
B) mature bone cells that maintain the matrix.
C) immature bone cells that give rise to osteocytes.
D) cells that break down bone matrix.

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone matrix through a process called resorption. This allows for the release of minerals and the remodeling of bones.

Question 18

A six-month-old baby is admitted to the hospital with a broken bone. This is the third fracture in the otherwise healthy child. The parents are arrested on charges of child abuse. The defense lawyer gets the charges dropped after the results of genetic tests indicate which of the following conditions?
A) Polydactyly
B) Osteoporosis
C) Osteogenesis imperfecta
D) Anemia

Accepted Answer

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that affects the quality of bones, making them brittle and prone to fracture. This condition can cause fractures in infants even with minimal trauma. Genetic tests can confirm a diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta, and in this case, the condition would explain the repeated fractures in an otherwise healthy child, leading to the charges being dropped against the parents. Polydactyly (A) is an extra finger or toe and is not relevant to this case. Osteoporosis (B) is a condition that typically affects older adults and involves a loss of bone density, which can increase the risk of fractures, but it is not a genetic disorder that would explain fractures in an infant. Anemia (D) is a condition that affects the blood, and it would not be relevant to a bone fracture.

Question 19

At what age are nearly all bones completely ossified?
A) Birth
B) 5 years
C) 15 years
D) 25 years

Accepted Answer

By the age of 25, nearly all bones are completely ossified, meaning the bone formation process is complete, and the growth plates have closed.

Question 20

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that
A) the bone is lengthening.
B) the bone is no longer lengthening.
C) the bone is increasing in diameter.
D) the bone has completed ossification.

Accepted Answer

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that the bone is actively growing in length. The plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows for the continued growth and ossification of the bone. Once the bone is done growing in length, the epiphyseal plate will fuse and become a solid bony structure known as the epiphyseal line.

Quiz 7: Skeletal System

The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n)

In a child, a vitamin D deficiency results in , whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in .

Which of the following is(are) an example of an intramembranous bone?

Which one of the following is true?

The term "bone" can refer to

A bone thickens

Which of the following groups of bones, based on shape, is associated with an incorrect example?

Which of the following is not a step in endochondral bone formation?

Osteoblasts are , whereas osteocytes are .

Articular cartilage of a long bone is found

All of the following are functions of bones except

A bone lengthens

Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of , which as a result decreases the rate of cell division of .

Articular cartilage is

Compact bone has , whereas spongy bone has __.

Which of the following is not found associated with spongy bone?

Osteoclasts are

At what age are nearly all bones completely ossified?

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that