Question 1

Which of the following approaches to social constructionism claims that "there is no essential reality to the social world at all"?
A) radical
B) soft
C) contextual
D) fundamentalist
E) ontological

Accepted Answer

Radical social constructionism takes the extreme view that there is no essential reality to the social world at all, and that everything is a product of social construction. Soft social constructionism, on the other hand, acknowledges that there may be some objective reality, but that it is always filtered through our perceptions and interpretations. Contextual social constructionism emphasizes the role of cultural and historical context in shaping our understanding of reality. Fundamentalist social constructionism focuses on the power dynamics involved in constructing reality, while ontological social constructionism explores the nature of being and existence.

Question 2

Explain how the 1999 deaths of three Toronto youths at raves resulted in a deviance dance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the 1999 deaths of three...

Question 3

Which of the following concepts is located at the extreme "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?
A) concept of contextual constructionism
B) concept of an absolute moral order
C) concept of low-consensus deviance
D) concept of radical constructionism
E) concept of social power

Accepted Answer

An absolute moral order is considered to be objective because it is believed to be true regardless of an individual's subjective beliefs or opinions. It is not influenced by individual perspectives or experiences.

Question 4

Which of the following groups of moral entrepreneurs has the most overt power in modern state systems?
A) religious institutions
B) scientists
C) commercial enterprise
D) politicians
E) educational institutions

Accepted Answer

Politicians have the most overt power in modern state systems as they hold positions of authority and have the ability to pass laws that reflect their moral values. Religious institutions, scientists, commercial enterprise, and educational institutions may all have influence in shaping moral norms and values, but politicians have the most direct impact on these norms through the implementation and enforcement of laws.

Question 5

Discuss the concepts of high-consensus deviance and low-consensus deviance as outlined by Thio. Describe a type of behaviour that would apply to each of these concepts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the concepts of high-consensus deviance and...

Question 6

Which component of the social typing process involves placing an individual into a specific category because of an observed or presumed characteristic?
A) evaluation
B) stigmatization
C) description
D) prescription
E) discrimination

Accepted Answer

Description involves placing an individual into a specific category based on an observed or presumed characteristic. Evaluation involves assigning a positive or negative value to that category. Stigmatization involves placing a negative label on an individual. Prescription involves deciding how individuals in that category should behave. Discrimination involves treating individuals differently based on the category they belong to.

Question 7

What topics are more likely to be studied by researchers who lean toward the "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?
A) changing perceptions of masturbation
B) low-consensus forms of deviance
C) debates over how to best control the potential dangers associated with raves
D) the family backgrounds of illegal drug users
E) the role of power in determining which drugs are considered "illegal" in a particular society at a given point in time

Accepted Answer

Researchers who lean toward the "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum would likely choose a topic that is more easily measurable and quantifiable, such as the family backgrounds of illegal drug users. This topic could be studied objectively by gathering statistical data and conducting surveys. The other options involve more subjective and complex topics that may be difficult to study objectively.

Question 8

Describe what moral entrepreneurs are. Provide one historical and one contemporary example of moral entrepreneurs, clearly illustrating how these are examples of moral entrepreneurs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what moral entrepreneurs are. Provide one...

Question 9

You see someone who is "obese" at the mall, and assume that she is unintelligent and is low in self-esteem, yet likely has a good sense of humour. Which step in the social typing process have you engaged in by making these assumptions?
A) evaluation
B) prescription
C) description
D) formal regulation
E) discrimination

Accepted Answer

Evaluation involves making judgments or assessments about individuals based on characteristics or traits that are attributed to them. In this scenario, the assumption that the person is unintelligent and has low self-esteem is an evaluation based on their physical appearance. Additionally, the assumption that they have a good sense of humor is also an evaluation, but not necessarily negative.

Question 10

According to subjective definitions of deviance, serve as the foundation for determining who/what is "deviant".
A) high-consensus norms
B) low-consensus norms
C) dominant moral codes
D) social contracts
E) criminal laws

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to subjective definitions of deviance, serve...

Question 11

Apply the three components of the social typing process to someone who is a member of a white supremacist group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Apply the three components of the social...

Question 12

Why does the textbook author suggest that contemporary analyses of deviance transcend the notion of an objective/subjective dichotomy?
A) many contemporary definitions of deviance combine both objective and subjective elements
B) over time, "objective" researchers have begun integrating more subjectivism into their analyses
C) over time, "subjective" researchers have begun integrating more objectivism into their analyses
D) the processes by which something is socially constructed as "deviant" frequently includes references to objectivist notions (e.g. statistical rarity; social harm)
E) contemporary analyses of deviance transcend the notion of an objective/subjective dichotomy for all of the reasons listed above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does the textbook author suggest that...

Question 13

Considering the issue of drug abuse, provide an example of each of the following forms of social control: (a) retroactive, formal control; (b) preventative, informal control; and (c) retroactive self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Considering the issue of drug abuse, provide...

Question 14

Which view of law claims that criminal laws are created by the powerful to serve their own interests?
A) consensual
B) interactionist
C) power reflexive
D) postmodern
E) social power

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which view of law claims that criminal...

Question 15

Explain how the conception of norms has changed over time for more "objective" deviance specialists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the conception of norms has...

Question 16

Explain the multilevel process of social construction as it applies to development of deviant behaviours.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the multilevel process of social construction...

Question 17

The principle of equality, which is a fundamental Canadian value, influences the social construction of deviance at which of the following levels?
A) interactionist level
B) institutional level
C) ethical level
D) sociocultural level
E) individual level

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principle of equality, which is a...

Question 18

In present day Canadian society there are moral entrepreneurs who exert influence and power in the development and enforcement of society's moral codes. Which one seems to particularly influential, in that it acts as both a tool used by other moral entrepreneurs and as a moral entrepreneur itself?
A) educational institutions
B) religious institutions
C) scientists
D) media
E) commercial enterprise

Accepted Answer

The media seems to be particularly influential in present day Canadian society, as it not only reports on the actions and beliefs of other moral entrepreneurs (such as politicians, celebrities, and religious leaders), but it also serves as a moral entrepreneur in its own right by shaping public opinion and values through the stories it chooses to highlight and the messages it conveys.

Question 19

While riding the subway, you look at a fellow passenger and immediately think, "Skinhead". Which part of the social typing process have you just engaged in?
A) evaluation
B) stigmatization
C) description
D) prescription
E) formal regulation

Accepted Answer

The individual has engaged in the description part of the social typing process, as they have made an observation about the physical appearance of the fellow passenger. Stigmatization, evaluation, prescription, and formal regulation would involve further judgments or actions based on this initial observation.

Question 20

Azra arrives at school with a new haircut. As she walks down the hall, she hears people laughing and making comments about her hair. What type of regulation or social control has occurred?
A) retroactive
B) formal
C) preventative
D) informal
E) retroactive and informal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Azra arrives at school with a new...

Quiz 1: Determining Deviance

Which of the following approaches to social constructionism claims that "there is no essential reality to the social world at all"?

Explain how the 1999 deaths of three Toronto youths at raves resulted in a deviance dance.

Which of the following concepts is located at the extreme "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?

Which of the following groups of moral entrepreneurs has the most overt power in modern state systems?

Discuss the concepts of high-consensus deviance and low-consensus deviance as outlined by Thio. Describe a type of behaviour that would apply to each of these concepts.

Which component of the social typing process involves placing an individual into a specific category because of an observed or presumed characteristic?

What topics are more likely to be studied by researchers who lean toward the "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?

Describe what moral entrepreneurs are. Provide one historical and one contemporary example of moral entrepreneurs, clearly illustrating how these are examples of moral entrepreneurs.

You see someone who is "obese" at the mall, and assume that she is unintelligent and is low in self-esteem, yet likely has a good sense of humour. Which step in the social typing process have you engaged in by making these assumptions?

According to subjective definitions of deviance, serve as the foundation for determining who/what is "deviant".

Apply the three components of the social typing process to someone who is a member of a white supremacist group.

Why does the textbook author suggest that contemporary analyses of deviance transcend the notion of an objective/subjective dichotomy?

Considering the issue of drug abuse, provide an example of each of the following forms of social control: (a) retroactive, formal control; (b) preventative, informal control; and (c) retroactive self-regulation.

Which view of law claims that criminal laws are created by the powerful to serve their own interests?

Explain how the conception of norms has changed over time for more "objective" deviance specialists.

Explain the multilevel process of social construction as it applies to development of deviant behaviours.

The principle of equality, which is a fundamental Canadian value, influences the social construction of deviance at which of the following levels?

In present day Canadian society there are moral entrepreneurs who exert influence and power in the development and enforcement of society's moral codes. Which one seems to particularly influential, in that it acts as both a tool used by other moral entrepreneurs and as a moral entrepreneur itself?

While riding the subway, you look at a fellow passenger and immediately think, "Skinhead". Which part of the social typing process have you just engaged in?

Azra arrives at school with a new haircut. As she walks down the hall, she hears people laughing and making comments about her hair. What type of regulation or social control has occurred?