Question 1

According to Foucault (1995), a panoptical society prevents resistance.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

Power-reflexive theories suggest that all claims to knowledge are embedded
within relations of power.

Accepted Answer

Power-reflexive theories argue that knowledge is not neutral and objective, but rather shaped by power relations. Therefore, all claims to knowledge are embedded within relations of power.

Question 3

According to symbolic interactionists, the process of role-taking enables us to determine meaning by trying to understand the world from other people's points of view.

Accepted Answer

This is a key concept in symbolic interactionism, where individuals use role-taking to understand others' perspectives and meanings in social interactions.

Question 4

Although there is some disagreement about what postmodern theory actually is,
diverse postmodern theories are all broadly based on the notion of rejection.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Postmodern theories often reject the idea of objective truth, grand narratives, and traditional structures of power and knowledge. However, there is also considerable debate and variation within postmodern thought, so it can be difficult to define or categorize it in a conclusive way.

Question 5

Reintegrative shaming illustrates the potentially positive consequences of stigmatization.

Accepted Answer

Reintegrative shaming is a restorative justice approach that aims to shame the behavior rather than the person and then offer opportunities for the offender to make amends and reintegrate into society. This form of shaming can lead to positive outcomes such as increased remorse, contrition, and reparation.

Question 6

According to labelling theory, those little acts of rule-breaking that we all engage in are called tertiary deviance.

Accepted Answer

According to labelling theory, those little acts of rule-breaking that we all engage in are called primary deviance. Tertiary deviance refers to the process of individuals or groups rejecting the label placed on them and attempting to redefine their behavior as normal or positive.

Question 7

Marxism serves as the foundation for the other interpretive theories of deviance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marxism serves as the foundation for the...

Question 8

According to labelling theory, deviance is a label attached to some people, but that label has little impact on their subsequent actions.

Accepted Answer

According to labelling theory, once a person is labelled as deviant, they may internalize the label and it can become a self-fulfilling prophecy, influencing their future behavior and leading to further deviance.

Question 9

Although labelling theory suggests a person's identity changes as a result of being labeled, the notion of the dramatization of evil maintains that identity remains stable.

Accepted Answer

The dramatization of evil theory suggests that being labeled may amplify or exaggerate a person's already existing tendencies towards deviant behavior, but it does not necessarily contradict the idea that identity can change as a result of labeling.

Question 10

The model of the deviant career applies to both individuals who leave those careers and individuals who stay in those deviant careers.

Accepted Answer

The deviant career model applies to both individuals who leave and stay in deviant careers, as it outlines the various stages and factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of a deviant career.

Question 11

Feminist theorizing is done from outside of the dominant theoretical perspectives
within sociology, but also from within the dominant theoretical perspectives.

Accepted Answer

Feminist theoretical perspectives come from both within and outside of dominant theoretical perspectives in sociology. Some feminist theorists work to expand and incorporate feminist ideas into existing theories, while others critique and challenge dominant perspectives from a feminist perspective.

Question 12

According to Becker (1963), a deviant label assumes the level of master status, which contributes to the individual's exclusion from the conforming world.

Accepted Answer

According to Becker (1963), a deviant label can assume the level of a master status, meaning it becomes the primary defining characteristic of the individual and contributes to their exclusion from the conforming world.

Question 13

Solivetti (2003) found that in Italy, drug addiction is more prevalent in urban areas that have higher incomes and levels of education.

Accepted Answer

Solivetti (2003) conducted a study in Italy and found that drug addiction was more prevalent in urban areas with higher incomes and levels of education.

Question 14

As a result of false consciousness, society's masses believe that they have more freedom than they actually do.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a result of false consciousness, society's...

Question 15

According to Goffman's (1959) notion of dramaturgy, impression management occurs with the front-stage self rather than the back-stage self.

Accepted Answer

Goffman's notion of dramaturgy suggests that individuals present a front-stage self to the public, which involves impression management and conscious control of behavior, while the back-stage self is the private self that is not visible to others.

Question 16

One of the ways that people of Middle-Eastern descent living in the United States have engaged in stigma management since 9/11 is through humour.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Many Middle-Eastern Americans have used humor as a coping mechanism and way to confront stereotypes and stigmas about their culture and identity following the events of September 11th, 2001.

Question 17

According to Austin Turk (1969), the core struggle in society is between those
who are in positions of authority and those who are subject to authority.

Accepted Answer

This is the central idea of Austin Turk's theory of social domination.

Question 18

The difference between Marxist conflict theories and pluralist conflict theories is
that the former emphasize economic inequality, while the latter emphasize
multiple axes of inequality.

Accepted Answer

Marxist conflict theories focus on the unequal distribution of wealth and power as the root cause of societal conflict, while pluralist conflict theories acknowledge that inequality can exist along different dimensions such as race, gender, sexuality, and religion, in addition to economic class.

Question 19

Robinson (2008) found that anarchist groups have responded to a panoptical
society by making greater use of media to communicate their ideology to a wider
audience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Robinson (2008) found that anarchist groups have...

Question 20

The concept of the deviant career refers to those people who make their living through deviance (e.g. by selling stolen cars).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept of the deviant career refers...

Quiz 3: Explaining Deviance: The Perception, Reaction, and Power