Question 1

When considering the role of the nun's habit in contemporary religious orders, we see an example of
A) debates over harm.
B) statistical rarity as a definition of deviance.
C) normative violation as a definition of deviance.
D) absolutism.
E) debates over societal reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When considering the role of the nun's...

Question 2

What view of normative violation is held by more recent objectivists?
A) the "soft" or "contextual" view
B) the "constructionist" view
C) the view that emphasizes universal laws based on the word of God
D) the view that emphasizes the culturally- and historically-specific nature of norms
E) the view that emphasizes universal norms based on the laws of nature

Accepted Answer

The answer of What view of normative violation is held...

Question 3

Research has consistently found that "a strong majority" of Canadians approve of the decriminalization of marijuana, yet marijuana possession remains illegal. This fact points to the limitations of defining deviance on the basis of
A) normative violation.
B) statistical rarity.
C) social harm.
D) negative societal reaction.
E) the "social contract hypothesis".

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has consistently found that "a strong...

Question 4

Which of the following examples reflects the limitations of using statistical rarity as the defining characteristic of deviance?
A) Wayne Gretzky is not considered "deviant" in Canadian society
B) left-handed people are not considered "deviant" in Canadian society
C) "heavy petting" among teenagers is socially controlled in Canadian society
D) people who are physically active are not considered "deviant" in Canadian society
E) the limitations of using statistical rarity as the defining characteristic of deviance are reflected by all of the above statements

Accepted Answer

All of the above examples demonstrate that statistical rarity is not always the defining characteristic of deviance. Wayne Gretzky and physically active individuals may be exceptional in their abilities or behavior, but they are not considered deviant. Left-handedness may be statistically rare, but it is not seen as deviant. On the other hand, "heavy petting" among teenagers may be a common behavior, but it is still socially controlled and seen as deviant. Therefore, other factors such as social norms, values, and context play a significant role in defining what is considered deviant.

Question 5

If you violate a folkway, other people will probably think you are
A) immoral.
B) evil.
C) criminal.
D) odd.
E) immoral or evil

Accepted Answer

Violating a folkway may simply result in others thinking a person is odd or deviant from social norms, but it does not necessarily make them immoral, evil, or criminal.

Question 6

Proponents of which view of law would point out that middle class youth are less likely to be penalized for the same crimes than are youth of the lower class?
A) contractual
B) normative
C) consensual
D) conflict
E) non-egalitarian

Accepted Answer

The viewpoint being described here is that of conflict theory, which focuses on how the law and the criminal justice system serve the interests of those in power and often discriminate against disadvantaged groups. Conflict theorists would argue that the unequal treatment of middle class and lower class youth is a result of the middle class holding more power and influence, rather than a fair or impartial application of the law.

Question 7

What was the primary reason given for the criminalization of marijuana possession in the 1920s?
A) normative violation
B) statistical rarity
C) negative societal reaction
D) harm
E) harm and statistical rarity

Accepted Answer

The primary reason given for the criminalization of marijuana possession in the 1920s was harm, specifically the belief that the drug had dangerous health effects and could lead to criminal behavior. There was also a wider social and cultural push for temperance and sobriety during this time period, which influenced the decision to criminalize marijuana.

Question 8

According to some deviance specialists, how have academic definitions of deviance changed in recent years?
A) there has been a shift from objective to subjective definitions
B) there has been a shift from subjective to objective definitions
C) there has been a shift from emphasizing "personal pet peeves" to emphasizing "social deviance"
D) there has been a shift from the "problem of definition" to a broader consensus about the definition of deviance
E) there has been a shift from plural definitions of deviance to the singular definition that can be found in the dictionary

Accepted Answer

According to some deviance specialists, there has been a shift from objective definitions (based on clear rules or laws) to subjective definitions (based on personal or social interpretations) of deviance in recent years.

Question 9

Which of the following statements supports the "absolutist" view of normative violation?
A) premarital sex is "deviant" in Saudi Arabia, but "normal" in Canada
B) all cultures prohibit incest between parent and child, therefore incest is "deviant"
C) taking a human life is "deviant", unless it is in self-defense
D) smoking marijuana was more "deviant" in the 1920s than it is today
E) same-sex marriage is legal throughout Canada, but not throughout the United States

Accepted Answer

The statement "all cultures prohibit incest between parent and child, therefore incest is 'deviant'" suggests a universal, absolute standard of what is considered normative or deviant behavior, which aligns with the absolutist view.

Question 10

What do deviance specialists who follow the objective side of the objective/subjective dichotomy believe is the defining characteristic of deviance?
A) normative violation
B) negative societal reaction
C) harm
D) statistical rarity
E) each of the above characteristics is considered to be the defining characteristic of deviance by particular groups of objectivists

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do deviance specialists who follow the...

Question 11

What are the limitations of definitions of deviance that emphasize statistical rarity?
A) some statistically common characteristics are considered "deviant" in society
B) some statistically rare characteristics are considered "normal" in society
C) there is too much consensus and too little debate about the precise meaning of "rare"
D) the law (i.e. as seen in the Criminal Code) reflects power and vested interests rather than normative consensus
E) some common characteristics are considered "deviant", and some rare characteristics are considered "normal" in society

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the limitations of definitions of...

Question 12

Under Prime Minister Stephen Harper, on which of the following issues was a free vote held within Parliament, as a proxy for societal reaction?
A) toughening the Youth Criminal Justice Act
B) decriminalization of marijuana
C) same-sex marriage
D) abortion
E) free votes were held on both same-sex marriage and the decriminalization of marijuana

Accepted Answer

Under Prime Minister Stephen Harper, a free vote was held within Parliament on the issue of same-sex marriage, as a proxy for societal reaction.

Question 13

What are the limitations of defining deviance on the basis of harm?
A) perceptions of harm can be subjective
B) perceptions of harm rarely change over time
C) behavioural expectations are frequently characterized by power and vested interests
D) typical behaviours are sometimes perceived as "deviant" in society
E) the reactions of some groups of people in society often carry more weight than do the reactions of other groups

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the limitations of defining deviance...

Question 14

The ----------/--------------- dichotomy has traditionally served as the foundation for discussing definitions of deviance.
A) objective/subjective
B) singular/pluralistic
C) dissensus/consensus
D) social typing/constructionist
E) statistical/normative

Accepted Answer

The objective/subjective dichotomy has been historically used to define deviance. It suggests that behaviors can be objectively identified as deviant by violating laws or social norms, or subjectively identified when individuals or groups label certain behaviors as deviant.

Question 15

Imagine the following hypothetical news headline: "More than 70% of Canadians dislike people who drink cheap beer." Based on this report, we can say that drinking cheap beer is "deviant", according to the definition of deviance that emphasizes
A) normative violation.
B) negative societal reaction.
C) statistical rarity.
D) the "social contract hypothesis".
E) social harm.

Accepted Answer

The definition of deviance that emphasizes negative societal reaction holds that behaviors or characteristics are considered deviant if they are negatively reacted to by society. In this case, the news headline reports that more than 70% of Canadians have a negative view of those who drink cheap beer, suggesting that drinking cheap beer is deviant behavior.

Question 16

Which of the following behaviours, characteristics, or people was considered "deviant" at some point in history, based on the concept of harm?
A) Joan of Arc
B) masturbation
C) marijuana use
D) early 20th century feminists
E) Joan of Arc, masturbation, marijuana use, and early 20th century feminists were all considered "deviant" at some point in history, based on the concept of harm

Accepted Answer

All of the listed behaviours, characteristics, or people have been considered deviant at some point in history based on the concept of harm. Joan of Arc was burned at the stake for her beliefs, masturbation was once believed to harm one's physical and mental health, marijuana use was criminalized due to perceived harm to individuals and society, and early 20th century feminists were seen as challenging traditional gender roles and potentially harmful to society's moral order.

Question 17

Josh is a boy in Grade 11 who has never participated in "heavy petting". According to which definition of deviance would Josh be considered "deviant"?
A) physical harm
B) societal reaction
C) statistical rarity
D) normative violation
E) ontological harm

Accepted Answer

The answer of Josh is a boy in Grade 11...

Question 18

Which of the following groups of people would be considered "deviant", based on the concept of statistical rarity?
A) Canadians who smoke
B) high school students who participate in "heavy petting"
C) adolescent consumers of alcohol who have engaged in binge drinking
D) adolescents who abstain from marijuana use
E) Canadians who smoke and high school students who participate in "heavy petting" would both be considered "deviant", based on the concept of statistical rarity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following groups of people...

Question 19

The view of law claims that society's powerful define the criminal law on behalf of interest groups in society.
A) interactionist
B) conflict
C) normative
D) consensual
E) social power

Accepted Answer

The answer of The view of law claims that society's...

Question 20

Which of the following behaviours or characteristics would be considered "deviant", based on the concept of harm?
A) smoking
B) alcoholism
C) criminal behaviour
D) emotional abuse
E) smoking, alcoholism, criminal behaviour, and emotional abuse would all be considered "deviant," based on the concept of harm

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following behaviours or characteristics...

Quiz 1: Determining Deviance

When considering the role of the nun's habit in contemporary religious orders, we see an example of

What view of normative violation is held by more recent objectivists?

Research has consistently found that "a strong majority" of Canadians approve of the decriminalization of marijuana, yet marijuana possession remains illegal. This fact points to the limitations of defining deviance on the basis of

Which of the following examples reflects the limitations of using statistical rarity as the defining characteristic of deviance?

If you violate a folkway, other people will probably think you are

Proponents of which view of law would point out that middle class youth are less likely to be penalized for the same crimes than are youth of the lower class?

What was the primary reason given for the criminalization of marijuana possession in the 1920s?

According to some deviance specialists, how have academic definitions of deviance changed in recent years?

Which of the following statements supports the "absolutist" view of normative violation?

What do deviance specialists who follow the objective side of the objective/subjective dichotomy believe is the defining characteristic of deviance?

What are the limitations of definitions of deviance that emphasize statistical rarity?

Under Prime Minister Stephen Harper, on which of the following issues was a free vote held within Parliament, as a proxy for societal reaction?

What are the limitations of defining deviance on the basis of harm?

The ----------/--------------- dichotomy has traditionally served as the foundation for discussing definitions of deviance.

Imagine the following hypothetical news headline: "More than 70% of Canadians dislike people who drink cheap beer." Based on this report, we can say that drinking cheap beer is "deviant", according to the definition of deviance that emphasizes

Which of the following behaviours, characteristics, or people was considered "deviant" at some point in history, based on the concept of harm?

Josh is a boy in Grade 11 who has never participated in "heavy petting". According to which definition of deviance would Josh be considered "deviant"?

Which of the following groups of people would be considered "deviant", based on the concept of statistical rarity?

The view of law claims that society's powerful define the criminal law on behalf of interest groups in society.

Which of the following behaviours or characteristics would be considered "deviant", based on the concept of harm?