Question 1

One prediction from social role theory is that as social structures change,gender differences should increase.

Accepted Answer

Social role theory proposes that gender differences arise from the roles that men and women play in society, and as social structures change over time, the roles that men and women assume may also change. For example, as more women enter the workforce and take on traditionally male-dominated roles, gender differences in occupational preferences and abilities may decrease rather than increase. Additionally, social role theory does not assume that gender differences are fixed or biologically determined, but rather that they are influenced by socialization and cultural factors. Therefore, it is not necessarily true that gender differences should increase as social structures change.

Question 2

Gonads are glands that produce sperm in males.

Accepted Answer

Gonads are reproductive glands that produce gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females). Therefore, gonads do produce sperm in males.

Question 3

What is sexual masochism disorder?

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

Researchers typically find no differences among lesbians,gays,bisexuals,and heterosexuals in a wide range of attitudes and behaviors,as well as in psychological adjustment.

Accepted Answer

Multiple research studies have found no significant differences in attitudes, behaviors, and psychological adjustment among people of different sexual orientations.

Question 5

Empathy is a weak predictor of an individual's willingness to help another in need.

Accepted Answer

Empathy is a strong predictor of an individual's willingness to help others, as it involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another, which often motivates altruistic behavior.

Question 6

Spreading rumors is a form of overt aggression.

Accepted Answer

Spreading rumors is considered a form of relational aggression, which involves harming others through manipulation of their social relationships or social status, rather than overt aggression which involves physical actions.

Question 7

Sexual orientation refers to a person's direction of erotic interests.

Accepted Answer

Sexual orientation is defined as the direction of a person's sexual and romantic attraction towards other individuals. It can include, but is not limited to, heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual orientations.

Question 8

Relational aggression comprises a greater percentage of boys' overall aggression than it does for girls.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that relational aggression (such as social exclusion, gossiping, and manipulation) is more common among girls than boys, while physical aggression and direct verbal aggression are more common among boys.

Question 9

Homosexuality behavior is absent in ostriches,guppies,and cats.

Accepted Answer

Homosexuality has been observed in ostriches, guppies, and cats among other animal species.

Question 10

The raw materials of male and female genitals and gonads are fundamentally the same.

Accepted Answer

Both male and female gonads are derived from the same embryonic tissue and begin development in a similar manner. Additionally, male and female external genitalia also develop from the same embryonic structures, with differences arising due to hormonal influences during fetal development.

Question 11

A sex difference in the resolution phase of the human sexual response pattern is that males may be stimulated to orgasm again without delay,whereas females enter a refractory period during which they cannot have another orgasm.

Accepted Answer

In the human sexual response pattern, it is typically males who experience a refractory period during which they cannot achieve another orgasm immediately, whereas many females may be capable of multiple orgasms without a significant refractory period.

Question 12

Discuss the two common approaches to sex education.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

What is a voyeuristic disorder? Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Give a brief account of the four phases of the human sexual response pattern.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Renuka,a five-year-old girl,is playing with a doll and grooming her mother's hair.Renuka is demonstrating gender-nonconforming behavior.

Accepted Answer

Playing with dolls and grooming hair are activities traditionally associated with femininity, so Renuka is demonstrating gender-conforming behavior based on traditional gender roles.

Question 16

Sex refers to the social and psychological aspects of being female or male.

Accepted Answer

Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women, while gender refers to the social and psychological aspects of being male or female.

Question 17

The neurotransmitter oxytocin,which is released during the orgasm phase of the human sexual response pattern,plays a role in social bonding.

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin has been shown to play a key role in social bonding, including bonding between sexual partners. It is sometimes referred to as the "cuddle hormone" because of its association with feelings of trust, intimacy, and attachment.

Question 18

According to meta-analyses in the area of the abilities of men and women,it was found that the cognitive abilities of males and females differ significantly.

Accepted Answer

Meta-analyses generally show that while there are some differences in specific cognitive abilities between males and females, the overall cognitive abilities of men and women do not differ significantly. Differences that do exist are often small and influenced by social and environmental factors rather than inherent capability.

Question 19

For gays,lesbians,and bisexuals,being open about their sexual orientation is a strong predictor of psychological and physical health.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals who are open about their sexual orientation have higher levels of self-esteem, better emotional well-being, and reduced risk of mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. It can also lead to better access to healthcare and social support, which has a positive impact on physical health. Therefore, being open about one's sexual orientation is a strong predictor of both psychological and physical health for LGBTQ+ individuals.

Question 20

Breast development in women is triggered by the SRY gene.

Accepted Answer

Breast development in women is not triggered by the SRY gene. The SRY gene is only present in males and is responsible for triggering the development of testes. Breast development in females is triggered by a combination of hormones, including estrogen and progesterone.

Quiz 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality