Question 1

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between achievement test and intelligence test scores.
A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman rho
C) phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

Pearson's r is the appropriate correlation to use for finding the relationship between two continuous variables, such as achievement test and intelligence test scores.

Question 2

Exhibit 13-3: Compare the following coefficients of correlation and their corresponding Ns, then answer the questions.Notice that all correlation values are statistically significant.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-3.Which coefficient of correlation permits more accurate prediction of one variable from the other?
A) r = +.80 N = 80
B) r = +.32 N = 300
C) r = -32 N = 40
D) r = -.87 N = 80

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of -.87 indicates a stronger relationship between the two variables than the other options. Additionally, having an N of 80 ensures a more reliable estimate of the correlation coefficient than the other options with lower Ns. Therefore, D is the best choice for predicting one variable from the other.

Question 3

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are on an interval or ratio scale.
A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman rho
C) phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

Pearson's r is the appropriate choice for two variables measured on an interval or ratio scale.

Question 4

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between passing or failing a test and responses on a survey item answered "yes" or "no."
A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman's rho
C) phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

Phi coefficient is the appropriate correlation coefficient for this problem as it is used to find the relationship between two categorical variables, in this case whether the person passed or failed the test and whether they answered "yes" or "no" on the survey item. Pearson's r and Spearman's rho are used to find the relationship between two continuous variables.

Question 5

The technique used to find the relationship between two variables when the common influence of one or more variables is removed is called
A) partial correlation.
B) multiple correlation.
C) correlation ratio.
D) tetrachoric correlation.

Accepted Answer

Partial correlation is the technique used to find the relationship between two variables when the common influence of one or more variables is removed. Multiple correlation involves finding the relationship between a dependent variable and multiple independent variables. Correlation ratio is a measure of association used for categorical data. Tetrachoric correlation is a method used to estimate the correlation between two latent variables that are measured by dichotomous indicators.

Question 6

A researcher found a correlation of +1.21 between variables A and B.This means that
A) there is a high relationship between the two variables.
B) the relationship between the two variables is perfect.
C) the variables could be predicted from one another with a high degree of accuracy.
D) a mistake has been made in computation of the coefficient of correlation between the two variables

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient can only range between -1 and 1. A value of +1.21 is impossible, indicating a mistake in computation.

Question 7

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are on an ordinal scale.
A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman rho
C) phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

Spearman rho is the appropriate correlation coefficient to use when both variables are on an ordinal scale. It measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables ranked in order. Pearson's r is only appropriate for use with interval or ratio level data, while phi coefficient is used with nominal data.

Question 8

The prediction of Y from Variable X would be least accurate when the correlation between X and Y is
A) 75.
B) .95.
C) .99.
D) -.80.
E) -1.00.

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1, where values close to 1 or -1 indicate a strong relationship, and values close to 0 indicate a weak relationship. A correlation of 75 is not a valid value for correlation coefficients, making it the least accurate for prediction due to the misunderstanding or misrepresentation of the correlation value.

Question 9

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between male or female responses on a survey item answered "yes" or "no."
A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman rho
C) phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

The phi coefficient is used to determine the correlation between two dichotomous variables, such as male or female responses on a yes or no survey item. Pearson's r and Spearman rho are used for continuous variables.

Question 10

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between SAT scores and GPA in college.
A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman rho
C) phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

Pearson's r is the appropriate choice for finding the relationship between two continuous variables, such as SAT scores and GPA in college.

Question 11

The technique used to find the relationship between curvilinear variables is called
A) correlation ratio.
B) tetrachoric correlation.
C) multiple correlation.
D) partial correlation.

Accepted Answer

The correlation ratio is a technique used to find the relationship between curvilinear variables, allowing for the analysis of non-linear associations between variables.

Question 12

The appropriate statistic used to find the relationship between teachers' rankings of students' leadership ability and their rankings of students' communication skills is
A) Pearson's r.
B) Spearman's rho.
C) correlation ratio.
D) biserial correlation.

Accepted Answer

Spearman's rho is used for measuring the correlation between two sets of rankings, making it the appropriate statistic for analyzing the relationship between teachers' rankings of students' leadership ability and their rankings of students' communication skills.

Question 13

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between high school GPA rank and rank on a popularity measure.
A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman rho
C) phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

Spearman rho is appropriate for this problem because it measures the correlation between two ranked variables, in this case high school GPA rank and popularity rank. Pearson's r and phi coefficient are appropriate for measuring the correlation between two nominal or continuous variables, which is not the case in this problem.

Question 14

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between gender and watching a specific TV program or another in the same time slot.
A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman rho
C) phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

The phi coefficient is the appropriate choice for analyzing the relationship between two categorical variables, such as gender (male/female) and TV program choice (specific program or another in the same time slot). Pearson's r and Spearman rho are used for numeric data.

Question 15

The phi coefficient is used to find the relationship between two variables which are both measured on a(n)
A) interval scale.
B) ratio scale.
C) nominal scale.
D) ordinal scale.

Accepted Answer

The phi coefficient is specifically used to find the relationship between two variables that are both measured on a nominal scale, meaning they have categories with no inherent order or ranking. Therefore, the best choice is C, nominal scale.

Question 16

Exhibit 13-3: Compare the following coefficients of correlation and their corresponding Ns, then answer the questions.Notice that all correlation values are statistically significant.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-3.Which coefficient of correlation is least significant?
A) r = +.80 N = 80
B) r = +.32 N = 300
C) r = -32 N = 40
D) r = -.87 N = 80

Accepted Answer

The significance of a correlation coefficient is influenced by both the magnitude of the correlation and the sample size (N). Although all correlations are statistically significant, the correlation with the smallest absolute value and smallest sample size is typically the least significant. Here, r = -0.32 with N = 40 has the smallest absolute value and a relatively small sample size, making it the least significant among the options.

Question 17

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are genuinely dichotomous (nominal).
A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman rho
C) phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

Phi coefficient is appropriate for two variables that are genuinely dichotomous (nominal).

Question 18

One wants to find the correlation between social adjustment and achievement with the effects of intelligence controlled.The appropriate index to use is
A) correlation ratio.
B) tetrachoric correlation.
C) multiple correlation.
D) partial correlation.

Accepted Answer

Partial correlation is the appropriate index to use in this scenario, as it allows for the effects of intelligence to be controlled for, in order to isolate the relationship between social adjustment and achievement. The other options (correlation ratio, tetrachoric correlation, and multiple correlation) do not allow for the effects of a third variable to be controlled.

Question 19

Exhibit 13-3: Compare the following coefficients of correlation and their corresponding Ns, then answer the questions.Notice that all correlation values are statistically significant.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-3.The coefficient for which the coefficient of determination equals .64?
A) r = +.80 N = 80
B) r = +.32 N = 300
C) r = -32 N = 40
D) r = -.87 N = 80

Accepted Answer

The coefficient of determination (r²) measures the proportion of variance in one variable that is accounted for by the other variable. The highest r² value is .64, which means that 64% of the variance in one variable is explained by the other variable. Among the given options, only coefficient A has an r value of +.80 with N = 80, which corresponds to an r² value of .64.

Question 20

Exhibit 13-3: Compare the following coefficients of correlation and their corresponding Ns, then answer the questions.Notice that all correlation values are statistically significant.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-3.Which coefficient of correlation involves a greater number of degrees of freedom?
A) r = +.80 N = 80
B) r = +.32 N = 300
C) r = -32 N = 40
D) r = -.87 N = 80

Accepted Answer

The number of degrees of freedom for a correlation coefficient is calculated as N - 2. Therefore, the option with N = 300 has the greatest number of degrees of freedom (298), making option B the correct answer.

Quiz 13: Correlation Research

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between achievement test and intelligence test scores.

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales. -Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are on an interval or ratio scale.

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between passing or failing a test and responses on a survey item answered "yes" or "no."

The technique used to find the relationship between two variables when the common influence of one or more variables is removed is called

A researcher found a correlation of +1.21 between variables A and B.This means that

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales. -Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are on an ordinal scale.

The prediction of Y from Variable X would be least accurate when the correlation between X and Y is

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between male or female responses on a survey item answered "yes" or "no."

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between SAT scores and GPA in college.

The technique used to find the relationship between curvilinear variables is called

The appropriate statistic used to find the relationship between teachers' rankings of students' leadership ability and their rankings of students' communication skills is

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between high school GPA rank and rank on a popularity measure.

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between gender and watching a specific TV program or another in the same time slot.

The phi coefficient is used to find the relationship between two variables which are both measured on a(n)

Exhibit 13-3: Compare the following coefficients of correlation and their corresponding Ns, then answer the questions.Notice that all correlation values are statistically significant. -Refer to Exhibit 13-3.Which coefficient of correlation is least significant?

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales. -Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are genuinely dichotomous (nominal) .

One wants to find the correlation between social adjustment and achievement with the effects of intelligence controlled.The appropriate index to use is

Exhibit 13-3: Compare the following coefficients of correlation and their corresponding Ns, then answer the questions.Notice that all correlation values are statistically significant. -Refer to Exhibit 13-3.The coefficient for which the coefficient of determination equals .64?

Exhibit 13-3: Compare the following coefficients of correlation and their corresponding Ns, then answer the questions.Notice that all correlation values are statistically significant. -Refer to Exhibit 13-3.Which coefficient of correlation involves a greater number of degrees of freedom?