Question 1

A large U.S. study of 80,000 students was conducted by the American College of Health Association (ACHA; 2009). What did students report regarding their health status?

Accepted Answer

The correct answers are A) and C) because they provide complementary statistics about the students' health status, with a majority reporting excellent or very good health and a smaller percentage reporting fair or poor health.

Question 2

According to work by Carver and associates, a person who responds to stress by saying "I've been refusing to believe that it has happened" would score high on the coping subscale assessing:

Accepted Answer

This response suggests that the person is using denial as a coping mechanism, which involves refusing to acknowledge the reality of the stressful event.

Question 3

The idea that personality traits interact with situational factors to produce behaviour is known as:

Accepted Answer

Interactionism is the theory that personality traits and situational factors interact to produce behavior. The other options are not relevant to this theory.

Question 4

The four scales on the Coping with Health Injuries and Problems Scale developed by Endler and Parker (2000)assess:

Accepted Answer

The Coping with Health Injuries and Problems Scale (CHIP) by Endler and Parker (2000) assesses four scales: Emotional preoccupation, distraction, instrumental coping, and palliative coping. These scales are designed to measure different strategies individuals use to cope with health-related stressors.

Question 5

Studies at the University of Calgary have examined the relationship between rumination and stress and found that:

Accepted Answer

The studies at the University of Calgary have concluded that rumination contributes to stress and hypertension, prolongs cardiovascular activation following a stressful event, and people who ruminate have prolonged reactions to stress. Therefore, all options A, B, and C are correct.

Question 6

What does research show regarding the role of rumination in stress and illness?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that rumination can worsen the distress and symptoms of those with chronic illnesses, lead to chronic stress response, and contribute to heightened stress levels in general.

Question 7

Hailey is a university student being treated for cervical cancer. Her oncologist suggested that she attend a support group as part of her treatment. When Hailey tries to speak about her feelings about her diagnosis and treatment, it sounds like she is just repeating her doctor's words. What is Hailey likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Hailey is likely experiencing alexithymia, which is a condition where someone has difficulty identifying and expressing their emotions. In this case, Hailey may be relying on the medical terminology used by her doctor when discussing her diagnosis and treatment, rather than expressing her true emotions about it.

Question 8

The notion that rumination prolongs the stress response and thus contributes to health problems is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The notion that rumination prolongs the stress response and thus contributes to health problems is commonly referred to as the perseverative cognition hypothesis. The other choices, (B) and (C), while related to rumination, are not specifically recognized terms in the field of psychology or stress research.

Question 9

A large U.S. study of 80,000 students was conducted by the American College of Health Association (ACHA; 2009). What did students report being the top five factors affecting their academic performance in order?

Accepted Answer

The correct order, according to the ACHA 2009 study, is stress, cold/flu/sore throat, sleep difficulties, concern for a friend/family member, and internet use/computer games as the top five factors affecting students' academic performance.

Question 10

Someone who uses existential coping would most likely score high on the COPE scale measure of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Someone who uses existential coping would most...

Question 11

Endorsing the item "I've been giving up the attempt to cope" would likely lead to a high score on the _____________ scale from the COPE.

Accepted Answer

The item "I've been giving up the attempt to cope" reflects a strategy of behavioral disengagement, which involves reducing or ceasing efforts to cope with a stressful situation. Choosing this item would thus lead to a higher score on the behavioral disengagement scale of the COPE.

Question 12

The essence of the interactionism model is that:

Accepted Answer

The interactionism model suggests that behavior is a result of the interaction between an individual's personality traits and the situational context.

Question 13

Research by Carver and others on coping with cancer indicates that:

Accepted Answer

The research by Carver and others on coping with cancer indicates that avoidant coping involving denial is associated with substantial increases in distress. This suggests that denial as a coping mechanism may not be effective in reducing distress in cancer patients. Humor, on the other hand, has been found to have a positive impact on distress in cancer patients, according to some studies.

Question 14

In creating the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, Endler and Parker significantly extended the focus of past coping research by assessing coping differences as reflections of:

Accepted Answer

Endler and Parker's Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations extended past coping research by assessing coping differences as reflections of personality factors, such as individual differences in coping styles and strategies.

Question 15

Which famous Canadian researcher is known for his work on interactionism?

Accepted Answer

Norman Endler is known for his contributions to the field of psychology, particularly in the area of interactionism, which focuses on how individuals and environments interact to influence behavior.

Question 16

Separate subscales assessing humour, religion, and denial are found on:

Accepted Answer

The COPE Scale, developed by Carver, includes various coping strategies among which humour, religion, and denial are distinct subscales, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of how individuals manage stress.

Question 17

Endler and colleagues (2001)found that more chronic illnesses were associated with

Accepted Answer

The answer of Endler and colleagues (2001)found that more chronic...

Question 18

The tendency to ruminate is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Perseverative cognition refers to the tendency to repeatedly think about negative or distressing events, feelings, or thoughts. This is often seen in individuals with anxiety and depression. Brooding and worried cognition are similar concepts, but may not encompass the full scope of perseverative cognition.

Question 19

When Lucy found out that she didn't get into graduate school, her response was to go out and rent a movie in order to "self-soothe." What type of coping can she be said to be employing?

Accepted Answer

Palliative coping involves trying to temporarily reduce stress or discomfort without addressing the underlying problem. Renting a movie in order to "self-soothe" is an example of palliative coping.

Question 20

Canadian students are reporting experiencing less positive health status as compared to other populations of students. Which factors are associated with Canadian students' health status?

Accepted Answer

Lower self-esteem, smoking, and being female are all factors that have been associated with poorer health status in Canadian students.

Quiz 9: Stress-Related Disorders and Health Psychology

A large U.S. study of 80,000 students was conducted by the American College of Health Association (ACHA; 2009) . What did students report regarding their health status?