Question 1

What percentage of death is caused by cardiovascular disease in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Canada, accounting for about 45% of deaths.

Question 2

"I am stressed when I don't feel able to manage things." This definition of stress is most similar to the definition used by:

Accepted Answer

Lazarus's definition of stress focuses on the individual's appraisal of their ability to cope with a stressful situation, which is similar to the statement "I am stressed when I don't feel able to manage things." Selye's definition focuses on the physiological response to a stressor, Carver and Scheier's definition focuses on the individual's motivational and goal-directed behavior.

Question 3

Kate and Emily have both been admitted to their first choice university. The university is about three hours from home, which Kate thinks is great because it's close enough if she needs something, but far enough to be able to establish independence. Emily isn't as sure that it's great, for the same reasons. Who will find attending university more stressful?

Accepted Answer

Emily is likely to find attending university more stressful than Kate because she is unsure about being farther away from home and establishing independence. This uncertainty and hesitation can lead to anxiety and stress. On the other hand, Kate is excited about the opportunity to establish independence, which can make the university experience less stressful for her.

Question 4

Distraction can be an effective way of dealing with the emotional upset of an upcoming surgery, but it would be a poor way to handle the upset of discovering a lump in one's breast. This concept describes the:

Accepted Answer

The goodness of fit hypothesis posits that the effectiveness of a coping strategy depends on the fit between the demands of a stressful situation and the coping resources available. In this case, distraction would be an effective coping strategy for the emotional upset of surgery, but not for the potential seriousness of discovering a lump in one's breast.

Question 5

Jan typically copes with stressful situations by relaxing or distracting herself from the problem. According to Lazarus, this type of coping is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Lazarus identified two types of coping: emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping. Jan's coping strategy of relaxing or distracting herself from the problem is an example of emotion-focused coping. Avoidance coping involves avoiding or denying the problem altogether, while cognitive-behavioural coping involves changing one's thoughts and behaviours to manage stress.

Question 6

An example of a neurogenic stressor is:

Accepted Answer

Neurogenic stressors originate from within the body, such as bodily injury, which can directly impact the nervous system and trigger a stress response.

Question 7

Neurogenic stressors stem from:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neurogenic stressors stem from:
...

Question 8

Which of the following type of stressor is most likely to create allostatic load?

Accepted Answer

Intense and prolonged stressors are particularly likely to lead to allostatic load, as the body's physiological responses are constantly activated and may not have adequate opportunity to return to baseline. This can lead to ongoing wear and tear on multiple body systems and potentially negative health outcomes.

Question 9

The most effective type of coping has been found to be

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of coping strategies depends on the context and the individual's situation. Problem-focused coping is more effective for situations that can be changed, while emotion-focused coping is better for situations that cannot be altered. Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all answer, making D the correct choice.

Question 10

According to the work on stress by Anisman and Merali (1999), the anticipation of an adverse effect would be considered:

Accepted Answer

The anticipation of an adverse effect would be considered a psychogenic stressor, as it arises from psychological factors such as fear, anxiety, and worry.

Question 11

The goodness of fit hypothesis refers to the match between:

Accepted Answer

The goodness of fit hypothesis refers to the match between a person's coping response and the demands of the situation. It suggests that when there is a good fit between a person's coping style and the demands of the situation, the person is more likely to experience positive outcomes such as reduced stress and improved well-being. Thus, option D is the correct answer. Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe the goodness of fit hypothesis.

Question 12

Interventions by health psychologists for cardiovascular disease tend to involve:

Accepted Answer

Health psychologists tend to focus on lifestyle changes such as exercise, diet, stress management, and smoking cessation, as interventions for cardiovascular disease. Tertiary care and hospital treatment are typically outside the scope of their practice, and assessments using fMRI may be used to understand the neural mechanisms of cardiovascular disease but are not necessarily interventions themselves.

Question 13

Mary discusses her job stress with her partner after work. She specifically discusses how the stress from her job makes her feel. This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Mary is discussing her feelings about the job stress, which is an example of emotion-focused coping.

Question 14

Emotional upset or deterioration of performance are considered stress _________.

Accepted Answer

Stress responses refer to the physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that occur as a result of encountering stressors. Emotional upset and deterioration of performance are both examples of stress responses. Stress stimuli are the events or situations that trigger the stress response, stress correlates are the factors that are related to stress but not necessarily causing it, and stress causes refer to the underlying factors that lead to the stress response.

Question 15

According to the goodness of fit hypothesis, the most adaptive form of coping in uncontrollable situations is:

Accepted Answer

The goodness of fit hypothesis suggests that the most adaptive form of coping varies depending on the controllability of the situation. In uncontrollable situations, emotional expression (C) is considered more adaptive because it helps in managing the emotional response to the situation, as opposed to trying to change an unchangeable situation.

Question 16

"Relaxation exercises are the only way I can cope with the stress of graduate school." This person would be using ___________ coping.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that the person is using relaxation exercises to manage the stress, which is a form of emotion-focused coping. The person is not actively attempting to solve the problem causing the stress (problem-focused coping) or seeking help from others (outward-focused coping). The statement also does not suggest that the person is using inward-focused coping, which would focus on changing one's own thoughts and attitudes towards the stressor.

Question 17

Michael becomes very overwhelmed as exam time approaches. In order to cope with this, he creates a very detailed study schedule that ensures adequate time for each subject. According to Lazarus, this type of coping is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Problem-focused coping involves taking direct action to manage or solve the problem that is causing stress or anxiety. In this case, Michael is creating a detailed study schedule to ensure he has adequate time for each subject, which is a problem-focused coping strategy. Emotion-focused coping, on the other hand, involves regulating emotions related to the stressful situation, such as seeking social support or practicing relaxation techniques. Obsessional coping and cognitive-behavioral coping are not recognized categories of coping strategies.

Question 18

"Allostatic load" refers to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Allostatic load" refers to:
...

Question 19

Brent copes with the diagnosis of asthma by reading everything he can find about the illness. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Brent's coping strategy of reading and researching about asthma is an example of problem-focused coping as he is actively taking steps to understand and manage his illness.

Question 20

In an Ottawa-area study, Sweet and colleagues (1999)recently found that the stress experienced during breast cancer screening is closely tied to

Accepted Answer

The study found that the stress experienced during breast cancer screening is closely tied to how the stressful situation is appraised and perceived. This suggests that individual differences in appraisal and perception of stressful situations can strongly influence the level of stress experienced. The other options (B, C, D) may also play a role, but the study did not specifically link them to breast cancer screening stress.

Quiz 9: Stress-Related Disorders and Health Psychology