Quiz 7: Contraception and Abortion

Methotrexate is a method of abortion and is also used to treat ectopic pregnancy.

Vasectomies are simpler to perform than female sterilization procedures and are free to obtain in Canada.

Female sterilization is basically the same thing as a hysterectomy.

The combination pill is probably the best choice for a woman over 35 who smokes.

When a couple correctly uses the diaphragm,condom and spermicidal jelly/foam,the likelihood of becoming pregnant is almost nil.

Contraceptive use in our society has become an integral part of our value and behaviour system as seen by the way we begin using contraceptives as teenagers.

Providing contraception has focused primarily upon contraceptive methods for women rather than for men.

Male hormonal contraceptive methods have not been developed because in Western societies women are expected to bear the sole responsibility for contraception.

Theoretically,contraception could be provided by a vaccination.

The teen pregnancy rate in Canada is approximately the same as that in the United States.

Abortion first became legal in Canada (under restricted circumstances)in 1969.

The American Psychological Association reviewed all the research on the relationship between abortion and women's mental health and concluded that women who have a single,legal,first-trimester abortion are not at greater risk for mental health problems than women who deliver an unwanted pregnancy.

Despite the illegality of abortion in Greece until 1986,abortion was widespread and performed by gynecologists in private offices.

Why is a discussion of overpopulation relevant to the history of contraceptive use? A)Concerns about the ability for the planet to sustain the growing population lead many experts to believe that the population must be limited. B)Concerns about the ability for the planet to sustain the growing population lead to the development of hormonal contraception. C)Concerns about the rising population of unhealthy people lead many experts to believe that reproduction of some segments of the population must occur. D)It is relevant to reproduction but not contraception.

Which contraceptive has the highest typical failure rate? A)oral contraceptive pill B)IUD C)male condom D)female condom

How does the oral contraceptive pill work? A)It mainly prevents ovulation. B)It kills sperm before they enter the fallopian tubes. C)It effectives the endometria lining preventing implantation. D)It causes sperm to stick to the vaginal wall,impacting their ability to enter the uterus.

With statement does NOT describe the role played by progestin in the combination pill? A)Progestin makes the cervical mucus thick. B)Progestin changes the lining of the uterus. C)Progestin inhibits FSH production. D)Progestin inhibits LH production.

The combination pill __________ estrogen levels,and it ________ FSH production. A)increases;stimulates B)increases;inhibits C)decreases;inhibits D)decreases;stimulates

Three women out of every hundred who use the Pill will become pregnant during a year.What does the three percent represent? A)Failure rate B)Effectiveness rate C)Typical user rate D)Non-success rate

Mary is a very conscientious person in all that she does.She applies this sense of conscientiousness in taking her birth control pill.She takes the pill exactly according to directions.Mary can be considered A)a typical user. B)a perfect user. C)a normative user. D)a user where there is no chance of experiencing failure of contraception.

When does failures in the use of the contraceptive pill usually occur? A)When the pill does not contain enough estrogen. B)When a woman switches brands and the new pill is not as effective as the one she had been on. C)When a woman forgets to take the pill for a day or two or so. D)When a woman has intercourse with a male who is highly fertile in the number of sperm he produces.

A woman on the pill mixes up her schedule while on vacation.She remembers to take her pill the first two days of her vacation but then forgets to take her pill the next three days in a row.According to your text,what should she do? A)Take a pill as soon as possible and then another one at regular schedule and resume her schedule. B)Take 2 pills right away and then resume her regular schedule. C)Quit taking the pill for 7 days straight to menstruate and start her regular schedule for the next month. D)Take a pill as soon as possible,resume her regular schedule,and use a back-up form of birth control.

Considering the serious side effects of the contraceptive pill that have been stated in the media,which claim has been substantiated? A)That the pill causes cancer of the cervix. B)That the pill causes cancer of the breast. C)That the pill causes cancer of the uterus. D)That the pill causes problems relating to blood clotting.

Which group is at-risk and should not use the contraceptive pill? A)Women who are over 35 and are cigarette smokers. B)Women who are between the ages of 18 and 34 and who tend to have 3-4 drinks per week. C)Women who are between the ages of 18 and 34 and who tend to have 3-4 drinks per weekend at one sitting. D)Women who have low libido.

What do women on the pill have an increased susceptibility to? A)Crabs B)Scabies C)Syphilis D)Chlamydia

The occasional side effects of irritability and depression in pill-users are probably related to the pill's A)estrogen content. B)progesterone content. C)inhibition of sexual desire. D)increased level of vaginitis.

In what year was the first Canadian birth control clinic established? A)1895 B)1920 C)1932 D)1960

Dr.Henry Morgentaler has been instrumental in bringing changes to Canada's abortion laws through a campaign characterized by A)mobilizing groups of women and staging violent protests. B)targeting key legal officials and initiating aggressive media attacks. C)refusing to obey governmental demands in a nonviolent manner meant to force concession regarding women's rights for abortion. D)seeking to attain higher and higher political offices to make changes within the system.

Use of the oral contraceptive pill has a major disadvantage in that A)the burden of contraception is placed solely or mainly on the woman. B)it may not be as useful for the woman who has intercourse frequently as compared to the woman who has intercourse infrequently. C)it tends to interfere with sexual intercourse-because the woman must remember to take the pill every day for the whole menstrual cycle. D)there are negative long term effects on the fertility of the woman.

What appears to be a real advantage for women taking the pill? A)A decreased susceptibility to gonorrhea. B)A decrease of pre-menstrual pain. C)A decreased susceptibility to vaginitis. D)A decrease in susceptibility to breast cancer.

One type of contraceptive pill that changes the cervical mucus such that sperm cannot get through,but where about 40% of the women still ovulate is the A)combination pill B)triphasic pill C)progestin-only pill D)estrogen-only pill

Which of the following does NOT described how progestin-only pills work? A)Inhibiting implantation of the egg. B)Inhibiting ovulation. C)Changing the cervical mucus so that sperm can't get through. D)Produces mucus that kills sperm.

Which contraceptive is inserted into the vagina,remains there for 21 days,and stops ovulation from occurring? A)cervical cup B)IUD C)diaphragm D)the vaginal ring

What is the most significant advantage a Depo-Provera injection has as a contraceptive? A)There is no side effects. B)That it does not require memory to use it properly. C)The shortened period of infertility following cessation. D)Its unique balance between the hormones of estrogen and progestin.

This contraceptive must be administered every 3 months for maximum effectiveness.One apparent side effect is amenorrhea.This contraceptive is A)Depo-Provera B)the estrogen-only injection C)Norplant D)the copper-T IUD

Depo-Provera is a(n)________ method of contraception. A)estrogen-only B)synthetic estrogen C)progestin-only D)combination estrogen and progestin

There are two contraception devices available in Canada that look like an IUD.The one that IS an IUD contains ______,the other is not actually an IUD because it contains ________. A)progesterone;copper B)copper;progesterone C)the T-shape;a U-shape D)they are both IUDs

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of IUDs? A)It is inexpensive. B)There is no interruption of the sexual experience. C)It is easily placed by the women several hours prior to intercourse. D)Fertility is not effected after removal.

The use of IUD's declined sharply in North America in the 1980s.Why? A)they were replaced by the female condom B)simply never became popular C)lawsuits against manufacturers for damages suffered by users D)the shape of the device was uncomfortable

How does the IUD prevent pregnancy? A)Inhibiting ovulation. B)Increasing estrogen levels. C)Producing changes in the uterus. D)Preventing sperm from entering the uterus.

Of the following,which is the most effective form of contraception? A)Female condom B)IUD C)Male condom D)Cervical cap

Once the IUD is in place. A)one of the side effects is that the woman cannot use a tampon during menstruation. B)it does tend to interrupt intercourse at times when the sexual act is prolonged. C)it can be considered permanent,never having to be replaced. D)it is simple to use,needing only to be checked periodically to see that the strings are in place.

The failure rate of the IUD is A)better than the pill or sterilization. B)better than Depo-Provera. C)similar to the pill and Depo-Provera. D)highest during its first three months after insertion.

The basic principle on which cervical caps operate are A)by releasing progestin to keep the fertilized egg from implanting in the endometrium of the uterus. B)blocking the entrance of the uterus. C)changing the environment of the vagina to one of being more acidic. D)preventing the egg from entering the fallopian tube.

A vaginal barrier device must be left in place for at least ________ hour(s)after intercourse. A)1 B)3 C)6 D)12

The typical user failure rate of cervical caps are about _______ percent A)1 B)7 C)10 D)20

Most contraceptive failures that occur with the use of cervical cap A)result from improper use. B)result from leaving it in too long. C)are caused by using too much contraceptive cream or jelly which causes the diaphragm to become dislodged during intercourse. D)are because of the one and only size in which the diaphragm comes.

There is evidence of a reduction in rates of ______ cancer among long-time users of the diaphragm. A)breast B)cervical C)ovarian D)vaginal

How do the contraceptive sponge and cervical caps differ? A)They are both inserted. B)They both work as barriers. C)They both contain a spermicide. D)Their concave shape.

How long does each patch (Evra)lasts? A)1 day B)7 days C)14 days D)28 days

For the condom to be most effective what is needed? A)To be carefully rolled onto the penis just before ejaculation. B)The penis should be withdrawn after ejaculation soon after the man's erection has begun to subside. C)It must be put on before intromission and the penis must be withdrawn soon after ejaculation. D)Spermicide-coated condoms should be used which helps create an alkaline vaginal environment which is harmful to sperm.

Which of the following describes Depo-Provera? A)For maximum effectiveness it must be administered every six months. B)The birth control pill is more effective then Depo-Provera. C)It can result in irreversible bone loss. D)Women become fertile immediately after stopping its use.

Which historical figure first popularized the condom? A)President Bill Clinton B)Elvis C)Napoleon D)Casanova

The perfect-user failure rate for condoms is about ________ percent,while the typical-user failure rate for condoms is about ________ percent. A)2;18 B)14;2 C)15;2 D)3;32

The kind of condom that you should use that helps in protecting against the transmission of most STIs A)is made of latex. B)is made of animal skin. C)is made of silk. D)contains spermicides.

Which of the following methods of contraception is NOT VERY effective,is awkward,and is relatively noisy? A)female condom B)sterilization C)male condom D)diaphragm

Which is the only form of contraception that protects partners from skin-to-skin transmission of STI's,such as herpes and HPV,during heterosexual sex when these occur in the areas surrounding the penis and entrance to the vagina? A)birth control pills B)sponge C)female condom D)there isn't one

What do spermicides do? A)Kill sperm with chemicals in an inert base and drying up the fluid sperm swim in. B)Kill sperm with chemicals in an inert base and blocking the entrance to the cervix so that sperm cannot swim into it. C)Introduce chemicals into the vagina which interact with the sperm and confuse them and blocking the entrance to the cervix so that sperm cannot swim into it. D)Dry up the fluid sperm that swims in and introducing chemicals into the vagina which interact with the sperm and confuse them.

What is the major disadvantage of the use of spermicides? A)Possibility of an allergic reaction. B)Interaction with alcohol deteriorates the function. C)Combination with latex creates a chemical toxin. D)The excessive time required for left-over spermicide to wash away.

Over long periods of time,________ may contribute to premature ejaculation in men. A)withdrawal B)the condom C)a vasectomy D)the rhythm method

Which of the following rhythm methods is the simplest and probably has the highest failure rate? A)The basal body temperature method. B)The cervical mucus (ovulation)method. C)The sympto-thermal method. D)The calendar method.

When using the calendar method of birth control,women with perfectly regular cycles need to abstain from intercourse for at least _________ day(s). A)1 B)3 C)8 D)14

The calendar method,the basal body temperature method,and the cervical mucus method are all variations on the ___________ method of birth control. A)combination pill B)withdrawal C)Depo-Provera D)rhythm

As a form of contraception,the BBT (basal body temperature)method has a major disadvantage in that A)it determines "safe" days only before ovulation. B)it determines "safe" days only after ovulation. C)it requires close,continued inspection of the cervical mucus. D)keeping track of both vaginal temperature and general body temperature complicates sex a great deal.

The sympto-thermal contraceptive method A)combines measurements of cervical mucus with that of basal body temperature. B)combines basal body temperature and the use of the diaphragm. C)measures cervical dilation and corresponding basal body temperature. D)measures hormone level in the urine and variations in the cervical mucus.

Using the cervical mucus method,abstinence is required when mucus is A)first absent,until it is clear. B)white. C)clear. D)first present,until four days after the days when it is clear.

What is one major disadvantage of the rhythm method? A)Its relatively high success rate. B)The independence that it gives the woman in carrying it out. C)The psychological stress related to forced abstinence and worry about possible pregnancy. D)How easy it is to adhere to requirements of the menstrual cycle.

Sterilization as a method of contraception A)is the same as castration for the female. B)really has not gained much popularity as a contraceptive means in Canada. C)is more common for individuals in their 20s than it is for those in their 30s or 40s. D)is quite common among married couples.

Which statement describes female sterilization? A)A minilaparotomy is also called a laparoscopy. B)It offers no protection from sexually transmitted infections. C)It may bring on premature menopause. D)It is simpler than male sterilization.

What is the most serious physical side effect from a vasectomy? A)Impotence in about 15 percent of the cases. B)Development of a higher-pitched voice. C)A decrease in the manufacture of testosterone. D)Minimal,if there are any side effects at all.

Female sterilization usually involves which of the following? A)removal of the uterus B)removal of the ovaries C)tying,cutting,or cauterizing each of the fallopian tubes D)complete surgical removal of the fallopian tubes

The terms 'minilaparotomy' and 'laparoscopy' are types of surgery used for A)cutting the vas deferens. B)insertion of Norplant and Depo-Provera,respectively. C)tying the fallopian tubes. D)reversing a vasectomy.

You are a contraception consultant at a sexual health clinic.A 27-year-old female client booked an appointment to discuss long-term birth control methods.Specifically,she is considering voluntary sterilization.She is 85% certain that she never wants to have children.Given what you know about the reversibility of female sterilization surgeries,you suggest that when making this decision,she should consider which of the following? A)The procedure will be irreversible. B)Reversibility of the procedure typically has a 50% success rate. C)Temporary sterilization procedures need to be requested when seeking this kind of surgery. D)Female sterilization procedures are not very effective as it is.

Male sterilization is called a vasectomy because A)the vas deferens are removed. B)the vascular system feeding sperm growth is interrupted. C)the vas deferens are tied or cut. D)Dr.Vas K.Tomy invented the procedure.

Which of the following is NOT a reason for failure of a vasectomy? A)Pregnancy occurred just after the procedure when sperm were still present. B)The no-scalpel vasectomy was used. C)The physician did not cut all the way through the vas deferens. D)The split part of the vas deferens grew back together.

You are working at a sexual health clinic as a contraception consultant.A 35-year-old male client comes to talk to you about getting a vasectomy.He is aware that there are surgeries that can reverse the vasectomy for when he decides to conceive with a partner down the road.Given what you know about outcomes of vasectomies,what other information do you suggest he consider? A)Because vasectomies are not very effective,a reversal is unlikely to be necessary. B)His information is wrong because vasectomies are not reversible. C)There is a chance that his body could form antibodies to his sperm after a vasectomy making reversal very difficult. D)Sperm of older men are more likely to carry genetic defects than sperm of younger men.

A male contraceptive device approved by Health Canada for clinical trial is called an intra-vas device.How does it work? A)Inhibits sperm production. B)Stops sperm mobility. C)Reduces sperm count. D)Blocks sperm from getting to the penis.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding male hormonal methods of contraception? A)Production of sperm will continue. B)They stop sperm production. C)They suppress the production of LH and FSH. D)They decrease the sex drive of men who take them.

Which of the following is the most effective method of birth control? A)the condom B)cervical cap C)the diaphragm D)combination pills

What are the majority of unwanted pregnancies a direct result of? A)Men forcing sexual intercourse on women. B)A female trying to hold onto a male partner by getting pregnant. C)The failure of sexually active persons to use contraceptives responsibly. D)Spontaneous sex.

In a Swedish study that surveyed 75 men ranging in age from 18 to 50 who were involved in a long-term relationship when their partner had a legal abortion what did 64% state? A)They did NOT want the woman to have an abortion. B)They wanted the woman to have an abortion. C)They felt that it was the woman's decision so they did not get involved. D)The woman's decision ended their relationship.

The text suggests some ways to improve sex education for teens.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a solution to increase responsibility in sexual situations among teenagers? A)Legitimize communication about contraception. B)Legitimize sexual practices such as anal intercourse and masturbation. C)Discuss how to weigh the costs and benefits of pregnancy,contraception,and abortion. D)Encourage males to accept equal responsibility for contraception.

According to a 2011 study,which country had the largest percentage of pregnancies ending in abortion? A)Bulgaria B)Canada C)Spain D)United States

According to a 2014 Angus Reid 2014 poll,what percentage of Canadians specifically believe abortion should be legal if a woman wants one? A)39 percent B)59 percent C)69 percent D)79 percent

Of the following,which is NOT a form of contraception? A)abortion B)sterilization C)diaphragm D)condom

What is the most common method used for abortion in the first trimester? A)Vacuum aspiration. B)Dilation and curettage. C)Dilation and evacuation. D)Induced labour using a saline solution.

Which method of abortion is used in the late second trimester? A)Saline-induced abortion. B)Dilation and curettage. C)Vacuum curettage. D)Vacuum aspiration.

During the late part of the second trimester,abortion is usually performed A)using suction. B)using dilation and curettage. C)by inducing labour. D)by surgical removal of the fetus.

Which statement describes RU 486 concerns? A)It provides nourishment for the endometrium. B)It has an anti-progesterone effect. C)It prevents miscarriages. D)It is composed of diethylstilbestrol.

Which of the following is TRUE of access to abortions in Canada? A)Abortions are more available in urban than rural areas. B)Abortions are illegal in some provinces. C)Abortions are easily accessible in all parts of Canada. D)Abortions are now fully funded by OHIP in all provinces.

Your best friend confides in you that she is unexpectedly pregnant.She has decided not to keep the baby and has taken steps to seek an abortion in a private clinic.She has to travel 5 hours and has asked you to accompany her.Which of the following BEST describes why your friend is faced with this access problem? A)Christian doctors will not perform abortions. B)Morgentellar clinics are only located in central Canada. C)Your friend doesn't want to risk that anyone would find out she was getting an abortion. D)Most hospitals do not perform abortions in Canada.

Which statement describes Mifegymiso? A)Mifegymiso was approved by Health Canada in 2010,but it only became available in 2017. B)Mifegymiso was approved by Health Canada in 2010,but it only became available in 2015. C)Mifegymiso was approved by Health Canada in 2015,but it only became available in 2017. D)Mifegymiso was approved by Health Canada in 2016,but it only became available in 2017.

What does the drug called RU 486 do? A)Makes it difficult for sperm to survive in the fallopian tubes. B)Causes the endometrium to be sloughed off. C)Prevents the sperm from penetrating the egg by means of a chemical process. D)Prevents ovulation.

The Ekiti Yoruba of Nigeria use abortion as a continuum of contraception.Which does NOT describes when these women would have an abortion? A)If her divine healer forbids this action. B)If they are married and have become pregnant because of an affair. C)Without much societal and psychological conflict because they do not believe the "real child" is not formed until after the fourth month of pregnancy. D)When they are unmarried and have not yet finished their education.

What is one of the reasons for the large number of abortions in Nigeria,especially for the Ekiti Yoruba? A)The importance of fertility. B)The high incidence of infidelity. C)A lack of availability of condoms and birth control pills. D)The national governmental policy of being against the use of contraceptives in order to encourage population growth.

In which European country did women earn the right to a legal abortion in 1986? A)England B)Germany C)Greece D)Norway

Which statement describes why abortion is accepted as a good and legitimate means of controlling family size in Greece? A)No one institution such as the church or the state is pro-natalist. B)A good mother limits the size of her family in order to devote what is necessary to the raising of the child. C)Although there is access to modern contraception,most men do not favour its use because such use is not considered masculine. D)The pill is viewed as being ineffective in preventing one from getting pregnant.

What is the major means of contraception used by Greek men and women today? A)Sterilization. B)The condom. C)The rhythm method. D)Withdrawal.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Czechoslovakian study comparing children born to mothers who were denied an abortion with those whose mothers did not want an abortion? A)Children born to women who wanted an abortion but were denied one experienced a range of negative social,behavioural,and emotional experience compared to those who were born to women who did not want an abortion. B)Children born to women who wanted an abortion but were denied one were more likely to seek abortions in their adulthood than those who were born to women who did not want an abortion. C)Most children born to mothers who wanted an abortion but were denied one ended up with lower IQs compared to those who were born to women who did not want an abortion. D)Children born to women who wanted an abortion but were denied one were 10 times more likely to be abused than children born to women who did not want an abortion.

Most women who experience an abortion report A)no severe psychological effects after the abortion. B)very severe psychological effects after the abortion. C)anxiety and depression after the abortion. D)euphoria after the abortion.

What link did the APA review discover between abortion and women's mental health? A)Women who have a single,legal,first trimester abortion are at greater risk than women who have an unwanted baby for mental health problems. B)Women who have a single,legal,first trimester abortion are at no greater risk than women who have an unwanted baby for mental health problems. C)Women who have abortions,no matter how many,are at no greater risk than women who have unwanted babies for mental health problems. D)Women who deliver babies,whether wanted or unwanted,are at a greater risk than women who have an abortion for mental health problems.

A few studies have been done that focus on the partners of the women having abortions.What position did most men take in relation to the abortion process? A)Felt a mixture of guilt and relief. B)Wanted to prevent the abortion. C)Always encouraged the women to have abortions. D)Refused psychological counselling and are antagonistic toward being involved with the process.

What is the most effective contraception over the long run? A)The pill. B)Female sterilization. C)Male sterilization. D)Diaphragm with spermicide.

Explain how the combination pill works.What are its advantages and disadvantages?

Discuss the meaning of the effectiveness rate of contraceptive methods in general.Distinguish between the failure rate for the perfect and typical user,respectively.

Why is voluntary sterilization the most common contraceptive method used in Canada? Be sure to discuss psychological implications as well as differences that may exist between females and males.

Discuss the various methods of sterilization for females and males.Discuss reversibility.

Briefly discuss the history of birth control and abortion in Canada from the early 1900s to the present.

Briefly explain how the IUD and Depo-Provera injections work as contraceptives.Compare their effectiveness,benefits,and consequences.

What is the impact of abortion on women's mental health?

Explain why illegal abortions were necessary and available in Greece for so many years.

Discuss male contraception options.What is the most effective contraceptive for males? What are the most recent innovations?

Why are there different methods of contraception? Why doesn't everyone just use the most effective method?

Discuss the male condom and the diaphragm in terms of their effectiveness,side effects and frequency of use.Which one do you think is better and why?

Explain what is involved in the use of the rhythm method.Are there different rhythm methods? Discuss.Why would a person use a rhythm method as their method of choice? Explain.

Describe how males and females are sterilized.Which method involves the greater amount of surgery? Explain.

Describe the reasons given by Canadian Grade 11 students for not using condoms the last time they had intercourse.

What are the various methods of abortion? Which is the most commonly used and when?

Explain why abortion is more common in some societies than in others.

Which method of birth control would you recommend for sexually active college and university students in today's world? Provide a rationale based on your consideration of effectiveness,side effects,and social issues.

Compare the ways estrogen and progestin provide their contraceptive effects.