Question 1

The text uses a model to show relationships between spectators and participants from different sports.According to this model,which of the following would have the highest spectator-to-participant involvement?
A) golf spectators; golf participants
B) professional basketball spectators; basketball participants
C) NASCAR spectators; NASCAR participants
D) running spectators; running participants
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Layout accessibility refers to _____.
A) scoreboard design
B) whether or not fans can move freely about the stadium
C) the relationship between luxury suites and general seating
D) the ease of reading a team's ads and programs
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Layout accessibility refers to how easily fans can navigate and move around the stadium, ensuring that all areas are accessible to everyone, including those with disabilities.

Question 3

BIRGing and CORFing are manifestations of _____.
A) sports involvement
B) selective perception
C) self-esteem enhancement
D) selective retention
E) both a and d

Accepted Answer

BIRGing (Basking In Reflected Glory) and CORFing (Cutting Off Reflected Failure) are both ways in which individuals enhance their self-esteem by associating themselves with successful or positive experiences (BIRGing) and disassociating themselves from negative or unsuccessful experiences (CORFing). It has more to do with self-esteem enhancement than sports involvement or selective perception/retention.

Question 4

According to the text,one difference between spectators and participants is with respect to socioeconomic characteristics and media habits.

Accepted Answer

The text states that spectators and participants differ in terms of their socioeconomic characteristics and media habits.

Question 5

The self-esteem enhancement factor (fan motivation)is when fans watch sports as a means of getting away from it all.

Accepted Answer

The self-esteem enhancement factor refers to the boost in self-esteem fans may experience when their team wins, not the motivation of watching sports to escape from daily life.

Question 6

According to the text,the physical surroundings of a venue that impact spectators' desire to stay at the venue and ultimately return to the venue are called _____.
A) ambience
B) mise-en-scène
C) sportscape
D) raison d'être
E) sportqual

Accepted Answer

The physical surroundings of a venue that impact spectators' desire to stay at the venue and ultimately return to the venue are called sportscape.

Question 7

The fan motivation factor that is based on the notion that fans like to attend games because the events are exciting to the senses is called _____.
A) diversionary
B) aesthetics
C) eustress
D) need for affiliation
E) both a and b

Accepted Answer

Eustress refers to the positive stress or excitement that fans experience when attending games, which is stimulating and exciting to the senses.

Question 8

Game attractiveness is a situational factor for fan motivation attendance,and it usually stays the same from game to game and from week to week.

Accepted Answer

Game attractiveness can vary depending on factors such as the opponent, the stakes of the game, and the time of day or week it is played. Therefore, it is not a constant factor from game to game or week to week.

Question 9

The excitement that NASCAR fans feel at the Daytona 500 when the announcer says "Gentlemen,start your engines" would be considered the eustress factor for fan attendance.

Accepted Answer

Eustress is defined as positive stress, and the excitement that fans feel when the race is about to begin can be considered a positive aspect of attending the event, making it a eustress factor.

Question 10

According to the text,the foundation of any strategic sports marketing process is understanding why spectators attend sporting events or _____.
A) environmental factors
B) fan motivation factors
C) sociological factors
D) psychological factors
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The text states that understanding why spectators attend sporting events or "fan motivation factors" is the foundation of any strategic sports marketing process. Choice A (environmental factors) and C (sociological factors) are not mentioned in relation to the foundation of sports marketing. D (psychological factors) may be relevant, but it is not mentioned specifically as the foundation of the process. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 11

Jim is attending the NY Jets game on Sunday.He finds that the new parking lot is very accessible from the freeway.On his way to his seat,he notices that entranceways have been painted the NY Jets color.When he gets to his seat,there are new and more spacious seats for his section.Jim has decided to buy season tickets based on these factors.In the text,this would be considered the sportscape factor.

Accepted Answer

The sportscape factor refers to the physical environment of the sports venue, including accessibility, visual appeal, and seating arrangements. The description in the text clearly outlines these factors, which influence Jim's decision to buy season tickets. Therefore, this is a valid example of the sportscape factor.

Question 12

Which of the following would NOT be a demographic factor for game attendance?
A) age
B) gender
C) occupation
D) education
E) All of the above are demographic factors for game attendance.

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (age, gender, occupation, education) are considered demographic factors. These factors can influence game attendance as they relate to the characteristics of populations or specific groups within those populations.

Question 13

_____ refers to the interior and exterior appearance of the stadium.
A) Stadium accessibility
B) Facility aesthetics
C) Scoreboard quality
D) Seating comfort
E) Space allocation

Accepted Answer

Facility aesthetics specifically refers to the appearance of the stadium, both inside and out. The other choices (stadium accessibility, scoreboard quality, seating comfort, and space allocation) refer to other aspects of the stadium experience.

Question 14

Fans who attend sporting events primarily for the social interaction or entertainment benefit of the event are said to possess _____.
A) high-level fan identification
B) medium-level fan identification
C) low-level fan identification
D) unfocused fan identification
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Fans who attend sporting events primarily for the social interaction or entertainment benefit of the event typically have a low-level fan identification, as they are not necessarily invested in the team or the sport itself, but rather the experience of attending the event.

Question 15

High-identification fans should mean _____.
A) decreased performance outcome sensitivity
B) lower player identification
C) increased scoreboard quality
D) lower fan resistance to ticket price increases
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

High-identification fans are more likely to be emotionally invested in the team's performance, which can lead to decreased performance outcome sensitivity.

Question 16

Sports fans who still support their favorite team when it is in a losing streak can be said to exhibit _____.
A) high identification
B) managerial benefits
C) economic value
D) selective diversion
E) selective identification

Accepted Answer

High identification refers to the degree to which individuals feel a strong connection to a particular team or sport. Fans who continue to support their team even during a losing streak are exhibiting high identification, as they maintain their loyalty and connection to the team despite the negative results. Managerial benefits, economic value, selective diversion, and selective identification are not as relevant to this situation.

Question 17

According to the text,demographic factors or variables,such as age,gender, education,occupation,and ethnic backgrounds,are all found to be related to game attendance.

Accepted Answer

The text states that demographic factors such as age, gender, education, occupation, and ethnic backgrounds are related to game attendance.

Question 18

According to the text,the entertainment value factor and the diversion from everyday life factor are closely related in motives for fan attendance at sporting events.

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that the entertainment value factor and the diversion from everyday life factor "tend to be intertwined" in motivating fans to attend sporting events. Therefore, they are closely related.

Question 19

Seating comfort and layout accessibility are both directly related to _____.
A) pleasure
B) perceived crowding
C) desire to stay at the game
D) sportscape
E) both a and c

Accepted Answer

The answer of Seating comfort and layout accessibility are both...

Question 20

According to the text,which of the following is the LEAST motivating of all the factors?
A) economic value
B) eustress
C) entertainment
D) diversion from everyday life
E) need for affiliation

Accepted Answer

Economic value is often considered the least motivating factor compared to intrinsic motivators like eustress, entertainment, diversion, and affiliation, which are more directly related to personal satisfaction and emotional fulfillment.

Quiz 5: Understanding Spectators As Consumers

The text uses a model to show relationships between spectators and participants from different sports.According to this model,which of the following would have the highest spectator-to-participant involvement?

Layout accessibility refers to _____.

BIRGing and CORFing are manifestations of _____.

According to the text,one difference between spectators and participants is with respect to socioeconomic characteristics and media habits.

The self-esteem enhancement factor (fan motivation)is when fans watch sports as a means of getting away from it all.

According to the text,the physical surroundings of a venue that impact spectators' desire to stay at the venue and ultimately return to the venue are called _____.

The fan motivation factor that is based on the notion that fans like to attend games because the events are exciting to the senses is called _____.

Game attractiveness is a situational factor for fan motivation attendance,and it usually stays the same from game to game and from week to week.

The excitement that NASCAR fans feel at the Daytona 500 when the announcer says "Gentlemen,start your engines" would be considered the eustress factor for fan attendance.

According to the text,the foundation of any strategic sports marketing process is understanding why spectators attend sporting events or _____.

Which of the following would NOT be a demographic factor for game attendance?

_____ refers to the interior and exterior appearance of the stadium.

Fans who attend sporting events primarily for the social interaction or entertainment benefit of the event are said to possess _____.

High-identification fans should mean _____.

Sports fans who still support their favorite team when it is in a losing streak can be said to exhibit _____.

According to the text,demographic factors or variables,such as age,gender, education,occupation,and ethnic backgrounds,are all found to be related to game attendance.

According to the text,the entertainment value factor and the diversion from everyday life factor are closely related in motives for fan attendance at sporting events.

Seating comfort and layout accessibility are both directly related to _____.

According to the text,which of the following is the LEAST motivating of all the factors?