Question 1

The psychodynamic,humanistic,and behavioristic explanations of disordered behaviors all agree that

Accepted Answer

All three perspectives agree that disordered behaviors may temporarily reduce anxiety but are ultimately self-defeating, as they do not address the underlying issues causing the anxiety.

Question 2

Changing the thinking patterns of anxious individuals can greatly lessen their fears,according to __________ therapists.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapists believe that anxious individuals have distorted or irrational thinking patterns that contribute to their fears, and by changing these thought patterns, their anxiety can be reduced. Behavioral therapists focus more on changing the individual's behaviors and responses to anxiety-provoking situations. Humanistic-existential and psychodynamic therapies are not typically used specifically for treating anxiety disorders.

Question 3

Which of the following psychologists would say that the anxiety reduction hypothesis explains why a person continues to display self-defeating avoidance behaviors?

Accepted Answer

The anxiety reduction hypothesis is a fundamental principle of behaviorism, which posits that people engage in behaviors that reduce their anxiety. Therefore, a behaviorist psychologist would be most likely to suggest that self-defeating avoidance behaviors persist because they provide temporary relief from anxiety, even if they ultimately lead to negative outcomes.

Question 4

A cognitive therapist would view unhealthy anxiety as

Accepted Answer

A cognitive therapist would view unhealthy anxiety as the result of distorted thinking. Cognitive distortions include catastrophizing, black-and-white thinking, and overgeneralization. The therapist would work with the client to identify these distortions and replace them with more accurate and balanced thoughts, which can help to alleviate anxiety.

Question 5

Anxiety-based disorders are best understood by

Accepted Answer

Anxiety-based disorders are complex and can be best understood by integrating various perspectives, as each offers unique insights and treatment approaches. The psychodynamic approach explores unconscious conflicts, the existential approach focuses on existential fears and meaning, and the cognitive approach examines thought patterns. Combining these perspectives provides a more comprehensive understanding and treatment strategy.

Question 6

Which of the following personality disorders involves severe impairment,according to the table on personality disorders in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

Borderline personality disorder involves severe impairment in relationships, self-image, and emotions. It is often associated with self-harm and suicidal behavior. The other personality disorders listed may cause impairment, but they may not necessarily be severe.

Question 7

The powerful reward of immediate relief from anxiety keeps self-defeating avoidance behaviors alive,according to the

Accepted Answer

The anxiety reduction hypothesis posits that when individuals engage in avoidance behaviors in the face of anxiety-provoking stimuli, they experience immediate relief from their anxiety. This reward reinforces the avoidance behavior and makes it more likely to occur in the future, even though in the long run, avoidance behaviors often prevent individuals from learning that there is no real danger and inhibit personal growth.

Question 8

A person who has an extreme lack of self-confidence and who allows others to run his or her life is said to have a(n)__________ personality.

Accepted Answer

A dependent personality is characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of, a fear of being alone or making decisions, and a pervasive lack of self-confidence leading to an overreliance on others. This fits the description of a person who allows others to run their life due to extreme lack of self-confidence. The other options (narcissistic, paranoid, antisocial) do not fit the description given in the question.

Question 9

According to the table on personality disorders in your textbook,which of the following is NOT a correct match between the disorder and its severity level?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the table on personality disorders...

Question 10

According to behaviorists,anxiety disorders result from self-defeating,paradoxical behaviors that begin with

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists believe that anxiety disorders result from avoidance learning, which is a self-defeating behavior. When a person feels anxious, they tend to avoid the situation or stimuli that is causing the anxiety. By avoiding the situation, the person is not exposed to the feared stimuli and does not have the opportunity to learn that the situation is not actually dangerous. This avoidance behavior reinforces the anxiety and makes it more likely to occur in the future. Over time, the anxiety can become so severe that it interferes with daily life.

Question 11

Schizotypal,schizoid,borderline,and histrionic are four types of

Accepted Answer

Schizotypal, schizoid, borderline, and histrionic are all types of personality disorders, which are characterized by persistent patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions that deviate from cultural norms and cause significant distress or impairment in functioning. Psychosis refers to a severe mental condition characterized by a loss of touch with reality, while neurosis is an outdated term that was once used to describe a range of mild to moderate mental disorders. Schizophrenia is a specific mental disorder that involves a range of symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and behavior, and problems with motivation and emotion.

Question 12

A behavioral theorist would tend to support which of the following explanations of panic disorder with agoraphobia?

Accepted Answer

According to the behavioral theory, panic disorder with agoraphobia is a learned response. Thus, Don's avoidance of public places due to prior panic attacks in crowds can be explained by the behavioral theory.

Question 13

Like most people with social phobia,Bonnie is a perfectionist and is excessively concerned with making mistakes,perceives criticism where there is none,avoids social situations that focus too much attention on her,and tends to have distorted thoughts that she has failed even when she is successful.This explanation of Bonnie's social phobia is consistent with which view of anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

Bonnie's behavior and thought patterns are consistent with the cognitive view of anxiety disorders, which emphasizes the role of distorted and negative thoughts in the development and maintenance of anxiety.

Question 14

According to which psychological view does distorted thinking cause people to magnify ordinary threats and failures leading to distress and the development of various anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

This description aligns with the cognitive view, which emphasizes the role of distorted thinking patterns in the development of anxiety disorders. Specifically, cognitive theories suggest that individuals with anxiety disorders often engage in catastrophic thinking or magnifying ordinary threats and failures, which can contribute to feelings of distress and anxiety.

Question 15

A person who demonstrates unhealthy submissiveness and who is clinging is said to have a(n)__________ personality.

Accepted Answer

The word "clinging" in the description is indicative of dependency, which is the hallmark of dependent personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by a deep-rooted fear of separation or abandonment, as well as submissive behavior and a need for reassurance and approval from others. The other options (B) narcissistic, (C) paranoid, and (D) antisocial, do not fit the description given.

Question 16

Which of the following personality disorders involves moderate impairment,according to the table on personality disorders in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following personality disorders involves...

Question 17

Regarding personality disorders,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Personality disorders do not typically emerge abruptly after a traumatic experience. While traumatic experiences may trigger the onset or exacerbation of symptoms, the patterns of personality disorders are typically deeply ingrained and have been present since adolescence or childhood.

Question 18

A cognitive therapist would tend to support which explanation of anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapists tend to support the idea that anxiety disorders are perpetuated by distorted and negative thinking patterns, such as perceiving criticism where there is none and expecting failure in every activity. This aligns with the description of Keith.

Question 19

Nancy tends to be a perfectionist,is excessively concerned with errors,and perceives criticism where none exists.Even when she is successful,her distorted thinking leads her to think she has failed.Nancy will most likely develop

Accepted Answer

Nancy's characteristics align with cognitive distortions and negative beliefs about herself, which can lead to anxiety and social phobia. The other options do not fully capture her symptoms and behaviors.

Question 20

Behaviorists would say that self-defeating behaviors are maintained by immediate reinforcement in the form of

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists believe that self-defeating behaviors are learned and maintained because they provide some form of immediate reinforcement. Relief from anxiety is a common reason why individuals engage in self-defeating behaviors, such as substance abuse or excessive procrastination. The other options (B, C, and D) are more aligned with psychoanalytic or existential perspectives.

Quiz 14: C: Psychological Disorders