Question 1

In which level of moral development is moral reasoning directed by self-chosen ethical principles that tend to be general,comprehensive,or universal?
A) preoperational
B) preconventional
C) conventional
D) postconventional

Accepted Answer

This level is postconventional, as it involves individuals using their own self-chosen ethical principles rather than relying on outside authority or societal norms. These principles tend to be comprehensive and universal, reflecting a deeper understanding and consideration of what is right and just.

Question 2

Jorge does not cheat on tests or copy other students' work because he does not want to be suspended from school and receive a zero on his test or other schoolwork.If Jorge uses this type of moral reasoning in most situations,one could say that Jorge is exhibiting which level of moral development?
A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) postformal

Accepted Answer

Jorge's reasoning is based on avoiding punishment and the direct consequences of his actions, which aligns with the preconventional level of moral development according to Kohlberg's theory. This level is characterized by an individual's focus on personal consequences rather than societal norms or ethical principles.

Question 3

A human resources employee at a large corporation is told by his supervisor to hire the supervisor's unqualified relative for a job.Even though he may get fired,this human resources employee chooses instead to hire a qualified applicant because he believes this is the "right thing" to do based on his own ethical standards.Which level of moral reasoning guided this employee's decision?
A) postformal
B) preconventional
C) conventional
D) postconventional

Accepted Answer

The employee's decision to do what they believe is the "right thing" based on their own ethical standards rather than following their supervisor's directive shows a higher level of moral reasoning, specifically postconventional. This level of reasoning is characterized by an individual using their own internal moral principles to guide their decisions, regardless of external pressure or authority.

Question 4

According to Kohlberg,the preconventional level is based on
A) a desire to win approval and self-chosen principles.
B) authority and self-chosen principles.
C) authority and a desire to win approval.
D) self-interest and avoiding punishment.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's preconventional level is based on self-interest and avoiding punishment. Individuals at this stage make decisions based primarily on what will benefit them or avoid negative consequences, rather than on societal norms or personal values. Kohlberg identified this as the earliest stage in moral development.

Question 5

Moral choices are determined by the direct consequences of one's actions in which level of moral development?
A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) unconventional
D) postconventional

Accepted Answer

Preconventional level of moral development is more focused on the direct consequences of one's actions rather than on broader societal values and norms. At this level, individuals determine moral choices based on the likelihood of rewards or punishments. Therefore, the best choice is A) preconventional, as it directly addresses the question of consequences being the determiner of moral choices.

Question 6

Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg held that we learn moral values through
A) reinforcement and punishment.
B) thinking and reasoning.
C) the resolution of the psychosocial dilemmas of adolescence.
D) the identification with one's same-sex parent.

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg proposed that moral development is a cognitive process that involves thinking and reasoning. He argued that individuals progress through different stages of moral reasoning, each of which is more complex and cognitively sophisticated than the previous one. Therefore, the correct option would be B) thinking and reasoning.

Question 7

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife,which of the following responses would demonstrate the conventional level?
A) People would think he was dishonest and a "thief."
B) Even if he steals the drug, his wife will probably die before he gets out of jail.
C) His wife may be ill, but if he steals the drug he may get caught and go to jail.
D) He should steal the drug and admit to it.

Accepted Answer

The conventional level of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, is characterized by an emphasis on social rules and the opinions of others. Choice A reflects this level by focusing on societal perception and the label of being a "thief," which aligns with the conventional stage's concern for maintaining social order and approval.

Question 8

An exchange of favors,a reward,or the avoidance of punishment would be examples of the direct consequences that would guide one's choices if the person were exhibiting which level of moral development?
A) preconventional
B) postconventional
C) conventional
D) relational exchange

Accepted Answer

Preconventional moral development is focused on self-interest and external consequences, such as rewards or punishment. This level is common in young children and those who lack empathy or a strong understanding of social norms.

Question 9

A politician campaigning on a law-and-order platform is appealing to people at what level of moral development?
A) preconventional
B) postconventional
C) conventional
D) nonconformist

Accepted Answer

A politician campaigning on a law-and-order platform is appealing to people at the conventional level of moral development, where individuals prioritize conforming to social norms and maintaining order and authority in society. This level is typical of most adults and is characterized by a concern for following rules, obeying authority figures, and avoiding negative consequences.

Question 10

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife,which of the following responses would demonstrate the conventional level?
A) Although his wife needs the drug, the law says that stealing is wrong.
B) Even if he steals the drug, his wife will probably die before he gets out of jail.
C) He cannot steal the drug because he might get caught and go to jail.
D) He should steal the drug to save his wife and then go "turn himself in" to the police.

Accepted Answer

The conventional level of moral reasoning is focused on following rules and laws in order to maintain social order and avoid negative consequences. Option A demonstrates this by acknowledging that stealing is wrong according to the law, even though it may result in negative consequences for the man's wife. The other options either prioritize the individual's personal desires (B and D) or acknowledge that breaking the law is a possibility without offering a clear moral judgment (C).

Question 11

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife,which of the following responses would demonstrate the postconventional level of moral development?
A) People would think he was dishonest.
B) The druggist may be wrong, but the law says stealing is wrong.
C) His wife may be ill, but if he steals the drug, he may get caught.
D) He should steal the drug but admit to it and turn himself into the police.

Accepted Answer

The postconventional level of moral development is characterized by an individual's willingness to ignore laws or rules that violate ethical principles to stand up for what they believe is right. Therefore, the choice to steal the drug but admit to it and turn himself into the police demonstrates this way of thinking. By doing so, the man is prioritizing the health and well-being of his sick wife over the legality of the situation.

Question 12

Patti does not speed on the highway because she is afraid of getting another ticket and losing her license and her insurance.If Patti uses this type of moral reasoning in most situations,one could say that Patti is exhibiting which level of moral development?
A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) postformal

Accepted Answer

Patti's reasoning is based on avoiding punishment and personal consequences, which aligns with Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development. This level is characterized by an individual's focus on self-interest and obeying rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards.

Question 13

Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his research in the area of __________ development.
A) language
B) physical
C) moral
D) motor

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg's research focused on moral development, specifically the development of moral reasoning in individuals as they progress from childhood to adulthood.

Question 14

To categorize people's level of moral development using Kohlberg's approach,a psychologist would
A) observe their behavior in situations in which conflicts occur between personal needs and those of others.
B) pose situations involving moral dilemmas to them and study the reasons they give for the actions they recommend.
C) ask them to classify behaviors as legal, illegal, moral, and immoral.
D) ask them to rank values that involve specific ways of reaching their own goals from most important to least important.

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's approach, moral development is based on an individual's reasoning for their actions in moral dilemmas. Therefore, to categorize people's level of moral development, a psychologist would pose situations involving moral dilemmas and study the reasons they give for the actions they recommend.

Question 15

Moral reasoning is based on a desire to please others or to follow accepted authority,rules,and values in which level of moral development?
A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) unconventional
D) postconventional

Accepted Answer

The desire to please others and follow accepted authority, rules, and values is a characteristic of the second level of moral development, which is the conventional level. At this level, individuals are focused on conforming to social norms and values. They are concerned with what others will think of them and strive to avoid disapproval or punishment.

Question 16

Which of the following psychologists is known for developing a theory of moral development?
A) Lev Vygotsky
B) Erik Erikson
C) Lawrence Kohlberg
D) Harry Harlow

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg is known for developing a theory of moral development, proposing that individuals progress through stages of moral reasoning which become increasingly complex and sophisticated as they age.

Question 17

Kohlberg identified the three levels of moral development as the
A) preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
B) preconditional, conditional, and unconditional.
C) self-orientation, authority-orientation, and social-orientation.
D) premoral, conventional, and postethical.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg identified the three levels of moral development as preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. These levels describe how individuals approach moral decision-making based on their reasoning and moral values.

Question 18

Kohlberg studied moral development by
A) having subjects keep a daily journal of their actions.
B) evaluating criminal and delinquent person's court records.
C) posing moral dilemmas to children of different ages.
D) having subjects perform various legal or illegal behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg posed moral dilemmas to children of different ages in order to assess their moral reasoning and develop his theory of moral development.

Question 19

Although Scott does not like to do lawn work,he cares for his lawn because "what would people think if he let his yard grow up." When using this line of reasoning,Scott is exhibiting which level of moral development?
A) preoperational
B) preconventional
C) conventional
D) postconventional

Accepted Answer

Scott's reasoning is based on societal expectations and norms, showing that he conforms to the conventional level of moral development.

Question 20

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife,which of the following responses would demonstrate the preconventional level?
A) Even if he steals the drug, his wife will probably die before he gets out of jail.
B) The druggist may be wrong, but the law says stealing is wrong.
C) People would think he was dishonest.
D) He should steal the drug but admit to it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the moral dilemma in your textbook...

Quiz 3: C: Human Development

In which level of moral development is moral reasoning directed by self-chosen ethical principles that tend to be general,comprehensive,or universal?

Jorge does not cheat on tests or copy other students' work because he does not want to be suspended from school and receive a zero on his test or other schoolwork.If Jorge uses this type of moral reasoning in most situations,one could say that Jorge is exhibiting which level of moral development?

According to Kohlberg,the preconventional level is based on

Moral choices are determined by the direct consequences of one's actions in which level of moral development?

Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg held that we learn moral values through

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife,which of the following responses would demonstrate the conventional level?

An exchange of favors,a reward,or the avoidance of punishment would be examples of the direct consequences that would guide one's choices if the person were exhibiting which level of moral development?

A politician campaigning on a law-and-order platform is appealing to people at what level of moral development?

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife,which of the following responses would demonstrate the conventional level?

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife,which of the following responses would demonstrate the postconventional level of moral development?

Patti does not speed on the highway because she is afraid of getting another ticket and losing her license and her insurance.If Patti uses this type of moral reasoning in most situations,one could say that Patti is exhibiting which level of moral development?

Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his research in the area of __________ development.

To categorize people's level of moral development using Kohlberg's approach,a psychologist would

Moral reasoning is based on a desire to please others or to follow accepted authority,rules,and values in which level of moral development?

Which of the following psychologists is known for developing a theory of moral development?

Kohlberg identified the three levels of moral development as the

Kohlberg studied moral development by

Although Scott does not like to do lawn work,he cares for his lawn because "what would people think if he let his yard grow up." When using this line of reasoning,Scott is exhibiting which level of moral development?

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife,which of the following responses would demonstrate the preconventional level?