Question 1

In some North African and Middle Eastern societies,people thought to be possessed by spirits exhibit symptoms that include shouting,laughing,singing,weeping,hitting one's head against a wall,apathy or withdrawal.This culture-bound syndrome is known as

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are indicative of the culture-bound syndrome known as zar, which is commonly found in North African and Middle Eastern societies. Amok refers to sudden and indiscriminate outbursts of violent behavior, koro is a fear that one's genitals are retracting into one's body, and dhat is a preoccupation with semen loss. None of these syndromes match the symptoms described in the question.

Question 2

Which of the following does the text indicate as the reason that the term neurosis was dropped from the DSM-III and the DSM-IV?

Accepted Answer

The text states that the term neurosis was dropped due to its imprecise nature and lack of clear diagnostic criteria, leading to inconsistencies in diagnosis and treatment.

Question 3

In Japanese society,adolescents or young adults who refuse to leave their parents' homes for months at a time are experiencing an extreme form of social withdrawal called

Accepted Answer

The extreme form of social withdrawal experienced by adolescents or young adults who refuse to leave their parents' homes for months at a time in Japanese society is called hikikomori. It is a phenomenon that is unique to Japan and is believed to be caused by various societal and cultural factors. The individuals who experience hikikomori often isolate themselves from social interaction, avoid school or work, and spend their time in their bedrooms, leading a solitary life.

Question 4

Maria lives in Mexico and has been exhibiting insomnia,sweating,and irritability ever since she says she was badly frightened by a black magic curse.Maria appears to have the culture-bound syndrome known as

Accepted Answer

Susto is a culture-bound syndrome commonly found in Latin America. It is characterized by symptoms such as insomnia, sweating, and irritability, which can occur after an individual has been frightened or traumatized by a traumatic event, such as a black magic curse.

Question 5

In Malaysia and other cultures of southern Asia,men who believe they have been insulted will sometimes brood,then erupt in violence.This condition is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The condition in which a man broods and then erupts in violence after feeling insulted is referred to as "amok" in Malaysia and other southern Asian cultures. Koro is a culture-bound syndrome in which men believe their genitals are retracting into their body, susto is a condition of fright or soul loss in certain Latin American cultures, and dhat is a condition in which men from certain cultures believe they are losing semen.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of susto?

Accepted Answer

Susto is a cultural illness prevalent in Latin American and Mexican cultures characterized by anxiety, fears, sleeplessness, and other symptoms. Option C describes a person in Mexico who exhibits insomnia, sweating, and irritability, all signs of susto, as a result of being frightened by a black magic curse. The other options describe different illnesses or conditions that do not fit the symptoms of susto.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of koro?

Accepted Answer

Koro is a culture-bound syndrome commonly found in south and east Asia, characterized by an overpowering anxiety that one's genitals will retract and possibly disappear. This fear is more common in males and often spreads rapidly within a community. Therefore, option D is the correct example of koro. Option A seems like a case of schizophrenia, while option B is more likely to be a case of bereavement-related anxiety. Option C might be an instance of ghost sickness or spirit possession, another culture-bound syndrome, but not koro.

Question 8

Regarding the culture-bound syndromes and diagnostic classification,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Culture-bound disorders can occur in any culture, not just Eastern, Hispanic, and African cultures. Additionally, these disorders may provide some guidance on how to best treat the individual, even if they do not fit neatly into existing diagnostic categories. The other statements are true: culture-bound syndromes may not align with the DSM-IV-TR classification system, and the DSM has undergone changes over time.

Question 9

Descriptions of disorders in the DSM-IV-TR

Accepted Answer

The descriptions of disorders in the DSM-IV-TR are based on empirical data and clinical observations. This means that they are grounded in scientific research and verified through clinical experience.

Answer: B
 The descriptions of disorders in the DSM-IV-TR are derived from survey responses from board-certified clinicians in North America and Europe. This means that they reflect the perspectives and experiences of mental health professionals in these regions.

Note: Neither A nor D is a suitable answer. While descriptions of culture-bound syndromes can be found in the DSM-IV-TR, this is only a small portion of the manual and not representative of all disorders described. Also, the descriptions of disorders in the DSM-IV-TR are not intentionally vague, as they aim to provide clear and specific criteria for diagnosis.

Question 10

A man from India experiences fatigue,loss of appetite,weakness,anxiety,and sexual dysfunction.He also feels extremely guilty due to his fear of losing semen during nocturnal emissions.This culture-bound syndrome is known as

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are indicative of Dhat syndrome, a culture-bound syndrome primarily observed in India. It is characterized by the fear of losing semen during nocturnal emissions and other genitourinary symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. Amok is a culture-bound syndrome observed in Southeast Asian cultures and is characterized by sudden outbursts of violence. Koro is a culture-bound syndrome observed in Southeast Asia and Africa and is characterized by the fear of shrinking or retracting genitals. Zar is a culture-bound syndrome observed in North Africa and the Middle East and is characterized by possession and trance-like states.

Question 11

Halim lives in North Africa with his parents and grandparents.Recently his grandmother began to shout,sing,hit her head against the walls,and then became withdrawn,sat in her room all day,and refused to eat.Some of the older people in the community said that she had become possessed by spirits and had a condition known as

Accepted Answer

The grandmother's behavior, as described in the scenario, is consistent with the symptoms of zar, which is a cultural belief in parts of North and East Africa that certain spirits can possess individuals and cause various types of physical and psychological distress. This condition is commonly treated with traditional healing methods such as spirit possession rituals, and is not typically recognized as a medical or psychiatric disorder within Western medicine. Options A, B, and D are not relevant to the symptoms described in the scenario.

Question 12

Voodoo death would be a part of which culture-bound syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Voodoo death is a part of the culture-bound syndrome known as susto, which is primarily found in Latin American cultures. Koro is a culture-bound syndrome found primarily in Southeast Asia, amok is found primarily in Southeast Asian and Pacific Islander cultures, and dhat is found primarily in South Asian cultures.

Question 13

Regarding culture-bound syndromes,most cultures have a need to label and categorize __________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

Culture-bound syndromes are specific patterns of behavior and experience that are recognized and classified within a particular culture or community. These patterns are often viewed as abnormal or disturbed behavior, which is why cultures feel the need to label and categorize them.

Question 14

Afflictions such as susto,amok,and hikikomori are evidence that

Accepted Answer

These afflictions are examples of culture-bound syndromes, which show that different cultures have unique ways of labeling and understanding disturbed behaviors.

Question 15

Which of the following conditions do American psychologists Pamela Keel and Kelly Klump believe to be primarily a syndrome of Western cultures,such as the United States?

Accepted Answer

Keel and Klump believe that bulimia is primarily a syndrome of Western cultures, such as the United States.

Question 16

Which culture-bound syndrome occurs in south and east Asia and involves either a man experiencing sudden and intense anxiety that his penis is receding into his body or a female believing that her vulva and nipples are shrinking?

Accepted Answer

Koro is a culture-bound syndrome that occurs in South and East Asia and involves a man experiencing sudden and intense anxiety that his penis is receding into his body, or a female believing that her vulva and nipples are shrinking. Susto is a Latin American cultural syndrome involving fear and soul loss after a traumatic event. Dhat is a South Asian cultural syndrome involving anxiety about semen loss. Zar is a cultural syndrome in North Africa and the Middle East that involves possession by spirits.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of dhat?

Accepted Answer

Dhat is a culture-bound syndrome found in South Asian cultures characterized by symptoms such as anxiety, fatigue, and fear of losing semen through nocturnal emissions.

Question 18

Among many American Indian tribes,people who become preoccupied with death and the deceased have symptoms that include bad dreams,weakness,fainting,and hallucinations and are said to suffer from

Accepted Answer

Among many American Indian tribes, people who become preoccupied with death and the deceased have symptoms that include bad dreams, weakness, fainting, and hallucinations and are said to suffer from ghost sickness.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of "going amok"?

Accepted Answer

"Going amok" refers to sudden outbursts of violent or homicidal behavior, typically in Southeast Asian cultures. Option D, in which a brooding man suddenly goes on a murderous rampage, fits this definition. Options A and B describe spiritual or religious experiences that do not involve violence, while option C describes a psychological disorder but not necessarily a violent outburst.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a recognized mental disorder and is no longer found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual with this behavior now considered a part of anxiety,somatoform,or dissociative disorders?

Accepted Answer

Neurosis is no longer recognized as a specific mental disorder and its symptoms are now considered a part of anxiety, somatoform, or dissociative disorders. Bipolar disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, and psychosis are all recognized mental disorders that are still included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.

Quiz 14: A: Psychological Disorders