Question 1

Children who have phenylketonuria (PKU)lack an important enzyme,which causes which of the following to collect within their bodies?
A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) phenypyruvic acid
D) sulfonamides

Accepted Answer

Children with PKU lack the enzyme needed to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine correctly. As a result, phenylalanine accumulates in the blood and is converted into phenylpyruvic acid which can damage the developing brain.

Question 2

Pete is an adult with an intellectual disability,which has become more severe than it was when he was a young child.Physically,he has a thin face,large ears,and appears smaller than average,although he was larger than average as a child.Regarding his adaptive behaviors,his daily living skills are better than his language and social skills.Pete most likely has the hereditary condition known as
A) Down syndrome.
B) fragile X syndrome.
C) phenylketonuria (PKU).
D) cretinism.

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition that can cause intellectual disability, behavioral and emotional challenges, and physical characteristics such as a thin face and large ears. It is typically more severe in males and can worsen over time. Language and social skills are often more impaired than daily living skills. Down syndrome can also cause intellectual disability and physical characteristics, but individuals with Down syndrome typically have better language and social skills than those with fragile X syndrome. PKU and cretinism are not likely causes of Pete's symptoms, as they typically have more severe physical and cognitive impairments.

Question 3

Which of the following forms of intellectual disability CANNOT be treated to minimize the effects?
A) microcephaly
B) hydrocephaly
C) cretinism
D) phenylketonuria (PKU)

Accepted Answer

Microcephaly is a type of intellectual disability caused by reduced brain size and cannot be treated to minimize its effects. Treatment can only help in managing the associated symptoms.

Question 4

Which of the following is a genetic disease in which a child lacks an important enzyme and which results in a severe intellectual disability by age three,if left untreated?
A) phenylketonuria (PKU)
B) fragile X syndrome
C) Down syndrome
D) cretinism

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disease in which a child lacks an important enzyme that breaks down an amino acid called phenylalanine. As a result, phenylalanine can build up in the body and cause severe intellectual disability by age three if left untreated.

Question 5

Gerald is an affectionate,well-behaved,cooperative individual with a severe intellectual disability,who is institutionalized.Gerald's disability is a rare one in which his skull failed to grow causing his brain to develop in a limited space.Gerald has the condition known as
A) microcephaly.
B) hydrocephaly.
C) cretinism.
D) Down syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Microcephaly is a condition in which the head and brain are significantly smaller than normal due to the skull not growing properly. This can lead to developmental disabilities, including intellectual disability, like in the case of Gerald. Hydrocephaly is a different condition in which there is an accumulation of fluid in the brain, which can also lead to developmental disabilities. Cretinism is a condition caused by a lack of thyroid hormones, and Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of a chromosome. Neither of these conditions are related to the specific skull and brain development issue that Gerald has.

Question 6

Regarding microcephaly,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Individuals with microcephaly are typically institutionalized.
B) Individuals with microcephaly are usually affectionate, well-behaved, and cooperative.
C) Microcephaly is a rare abnormality and cannot be reversed.
D) Microcephaly is caused by a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain cavities.

Accepted Answer

Microcephaly is not caused by a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid; that condition is known as hydrocephalus. Microcephaly is characterized by a smaller than normal head size due to abnormal brain development.

Question 7

Which of the following is a rare abnormality in which the skull is extremely small or fails to grow and results in severe intellectual disability?
A) microcephaly
B) hydrocephaly
C) Down syndrome
D) fragile X syndrome

Accepted Answer

Microcephaly is a rare abnormality in which the skull is extremely small or fails to grow and results in severe intellectual disability.

Question 8

At birth,Sam was found to have a genetically-induced lack of an enzyme.He is placed on a diet,which includes not eating any foods containing Aspartame.This diet will help prevent the development of an intellectual disability.Sam most likely has which condition?
A) fragile X syndrome
B) cretinism
C) Down syndrome
D) phenylketonuria (PKU)

Accepted Answer

Sam most likely has phenylketonuria (PKU), which is a genetically-inherited lack of an enzyme that prevents the breakdown of the amino acid phenylalanine. When foods containing aspartame are consumed, it is metabolized into phenylalanine, which can accumulate in the body and cause intellectual disability if left untreated. A low-phenylalanine diet is necessary for individuals with PKU to prevent intellectual disability. Fragile X syndrome, cretinism, and Down syndrome are not associated with a lack of the same enzyme and do not require the same dietary modifications as those with PKU.

Question 9

Fragile X syndrome occurs because the person has
A) a thin area on the X chromosome.
B) an extra X chromosome.
C) a missing X chromosome.
D) an X chromosome in pair 21.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fragile X syndrome occurs because the person...

Question 10

Which hereditary cause of intellectual disability affects male children at a rate of about 1 out of every 3800 males with up to three-fourths of individuals with this disorder also suffering from hyperactivity and attention disorders?
A) hydrocephaly
B) cretinism
C) phenylketonuria (PKU)
D) fragile X syndrome

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome is an X-linked hereditary disorder that affects males at a rate of about 1 out of every 3800. Up to three-fourths of individuals with this syndrome also suffer from hyperactivity and attention disorders. Hydrocephaly is a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. Cretinism is a type of intellectual disability caused by severe iodine deficiency during fetal development. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder that can cause intellectual disability if left untreated, but it does not have a higher incidence in males.

Question 11

Even certain diet sodas that contain Aspartame are off-limits to those individuals who are diagnosed with
A) fragile X syndrome.
B) cretinism.
C) Down syndrome.
D) phenylketonuria (PKU).

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited disorder that prevents the body from processing the amino acid phenylalanine. Aspartame contains phenylalanine, which means those with PKU cannot consume it. Therefore, even certain diet sodas that contain Aspartame are off-limits to those individuals who are diagnosed with PKU.

Question 12

Phenylketonuria (PKU)is linked to low levels of which chemical messenger in the brain?
A) dopamine
B) histamine
C) acetylcholine
D) GABA

Accepted Answer

PKU is a genetic disorder that leads to an inability to metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid found in food. This leads to the buildup of phenylalanine and a decrease in the production of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating mood, motivation, and movement, among other functions. The low levels of dopamine are responsible for many of the symptoms of PKU, including intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and movement disorders.

Question 13

Regarding phenylketonuria (PKU),which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) PKU can be detected in newborn babies by routine medical testing.
B) If PKU goes untreated, severe intellectual disability typically occurs by age three.
C) Affected children are usually placed on a diet high in phenylalinine.
D) Phenylalinine is present in many foods, including the artificial sweetner in diet colas called Aspartame.

Accepted Answer

Affected children are usually placed on a diet low in phenylalanine, not high. This is because they cannot metabolize phenylalanine properly, so it builds up in their system and causes neurological damage.

Question 14

Regarding phenylketonuria (PKU),which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) PKU is a sex-linked hereditary condition.
B) PKU results from a lack of an important enzyme and is linked to very low levels of dopamine.
C) PKU is a condition caused by an extra chromosome at pair 21.
D) PKU results from an insufficient supply of thyroid hormone.

Accepted Answer

PKU results from a lack of an important enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase and is linked to very low levels of dopamine. It is not sex-linked or caused by an extra chromosome at pair 21, nor is it related to thyroid hormone deficiency.

Question 15

When learning adaptive behaviors,individuals with fragile X syndrome tend to do better with __________ skills.
A) language
B) social
C) mathematical
D) daily living

Accepted Answer

The answer of When learning adaptive behaviors,individuals with fragile X...

Question 16

Regarding fragile X syndrome,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Fragile X syndrome is a sex-linked condition, much like color blindness.
B) Those persons with fragile X syndrome are only mildly intellectually disabled during early childhood but are often severely or profoundly intellectually disabled as adults.
C) Physically, those with fragile X syndrome tend to be smaller than average during childhood but are larger than average after adolescence.
D) Many of those with fragile X syndrome have a peculiar tendnecy to avoid eye contact with others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding fragile X syndrome,which of the following...

Question 17

Which of the following is a genetic disease that can be detected in newborn babies by routine medical testing with the resulting intellectual disability being prevented by placing the child on a diet low in a substance the child's body can't handle?
A) phenylketonuria (PKU)
B) fragile X syndrome
C) Down syndrome
D) cretinism

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disease that can be detected in newborn babies by routine medical testing. It is caused by an inability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine, which then builds up in the body and can lead to intellectual disability. However, this intellectual disability can be prevented by placing the child on a diet low in phenylalanine.

Question 18

Regarding fragile X syndrome,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Fragile X syndrome is hereditary and does run in families.
B) More females than males have fragile X syndrome.
C) Physically, those with fragile X syndrome tend to be larger than average during childhood but are smaller than average after adolescence.
D) When learning adaptive behaviors, persons with fragile X syndrome tend to do better with daily living skills than with language and social skills.

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome is actually more common in males than females, as it is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, so they are less likely to be affected if only one X chromosome carries the mutation. However, females can still be carriers of the mutation and pass it on to their children.

Question 19

Treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU)would involve
A) the child being placed on a special diet low in the substance the child's body can't handle.
B) surgical implantation of a tube to drain fluid from the brain into the abdomen to minimize brain damage.
C) a thyroid hormone replacement
D) the addition of increased amounts of iodine in the child's diet.

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare genetic disorder in which the body cannot break down phenylalanine, an amino acid found in protein-containing foods. The buildup of phenylalanine in the blood can lead to intellectual disability, seizures, behavioral problems, and skin disorders. Treatment involves a special diet low in phenylalanine, which must be followed for life to prevent symptoms from occurring.

Question 20

Aaron is seven years old,is larger than average for his age,and has a long,thin face and oversized ears.He has an intellectual disability,is hyperactive,and has a peculiar tendency to avoid eye contact with others.Aaron most likely has
A) Down syndrome.
B) fragile X syndrome.
C) phenylketonuria (PKU).
D) cretinism.

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome is the most likely option because it is characterized by physical features such as a long, thin face and oversized ears. It is also often associated with intellectual disability and hyperactivity. Additionally, individuals with fragile X syndrome commonly avoid eye contact with others. Down syndrome is another possibility, but it is less likely given that individuals with Down syndrome typically have a shorter stature and rounder face. PKU and cretinism do not typically present with the physical features or behaviors described.

Quiz 9: B: Intelligence

Children who have phenylketonuria (PKU) lack an important enzyme,which causes which of the following to collect within their bodies?

Which of the following forms of intellectual disability CANNOT be treated to minimize the effects?

Which of the following is a genetic disease in which a child lacks an important enzyme and which results in a severe intellectual disability by age three,if left untreated?

Gerald is an affectionate,well-behaved,cooperative individual with a severe intellectual disability,who is institutionalized.Gerald's disability is a rare one in which his skull failed to grow causing his brain to develop in a limited space.Gerald has the condition known as

Regarding microcephaly,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is a rare abnormality in which the skull is extremely small or fails to grow and results in severe intellectual disability?

At birth,Sam was found to have a genetically-induced lack of an enzyme.He is placed on a diet,which includes not eating any foods containing Aspartame.This diet will help prevent the development of an intellectual disability.Sam most likely has which condition?

Fragile X syndrome occurs because the person has

Which hereditary cause of intellectual disability affects male children at a rate of about 1 out of every 3800 males with up to three-fourths of individuals with this disorder also suffering from hyperactivity and attention disorders?

Even certain diet sodas that contain Aspartame are off-limits to those individuals who are diagnosed with

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is linked to low levels of which chemical messenger in the brain?

Regarding phenylketonuria (PKU) ,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding phenylketonuria (PKU) ,which of the following statements is TRUE?

When learning adaptive behaviors,individuals with fragile X syndrome tend to do better with __________ skills.

Regarding fragile X syndrome,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is a genetic disease that can be detected in newborn babies by routine medical testing with the resulting intellectual disability being prevented by placing the child on a diet low in a substance the child's body can't handle?

Regarding fragile X syndrome,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU) would involve

Aaron is seven years old,is larger than average for his age,and has a long,thin face and oversized ears.He has an intellectual disability,is hyperactive,and has a peculiar tendency to avoid eye contact with others.Aaron most likely has