Question 1

According to Chomsky,children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences,which strongly suggests that language patterns must be
A) inborn.
B) learned through parental interactions with the child.
C) related to the intelligence of the child.
D) prelinguistic.

Accepted Answer

Chomsky's theory of language acquisition suggests that children are born with an innate ability to learn language, and that they use these innate patterns to construct their first sentences. This supports the idea that language patterns must be inborn.

Question 2

In early language development,any behaviors,such as touching,vocalizing,gazing,or smiling,that allow non-verbal interaction and turn-taking between parent and child are known as shared
A) signals.
B) semantics.
C) telegraphic speech.
D) transformations.

Accepted Answer

Shared signals refer to non-verbal behaviors that allow for interaction and communication between a parent and child during early language development. These include actions such as touching, vocalizing, gazing, and smiling. Semantics refers to the meaning of words and phrases, telegraphic speech refers to a simplified form of speech that leaves out articles and conjunctions, and transformations refer to changes in the structure of a sentence.

Question 3

In talking to an infant,an adult may use exaggerated or musical voice inflections during a type of speech known as
A) semantic transformations.
B) phonetic prompting.
C) parentese or motherese.
D) syntactical expressions.

Accepted Answer

The type of speech described in the question is known as parentese or motherese, which involves using exaggerated or musical voice inflections when speaking to infants to engage their attention and help facilitate language development. The other options are not accurate descriptions of this type of speech.

Question 4

Eighteen-month-old Marty is pointing at objects in the park and trying to name them.His mother praises him for his correct labeling,and she tells Marty the correct name for objects he mislabels.This scene illustrates the importance of which of the following in language acquisition?
A) the language dance
B) maturation
C) biological predisposition
D) learning

Accepted Answer

Marty's ability to label objects correctly and to learn from his mother's corrections suggests that language acquisition is primarily a result of learning, rather than solely biological predisposition or maturation. While the language dance (or turn-taking) is important in language acquisition, it is not the focus of this particular scenario.

Question 5

Through such games as "I'm-Going-To-Get-You," adults and babies come to share similar rhythms and expectations that help to create a system that includes touching,vocalizing,gazing,and smiling,which are referred to as shared
A) signals.
B) transformations.
C) telegraphic speech.
D) semantics.

Accepted Answer

The term "shared signals" refers to the touching, vocalizing, gazing, and smiling that are used by both adults and babies to communicate and create a shared understanding.

Question 6

Which of the following observations supports the innate explanation for language and does NOT support the idea that language is learned?
A) Children imitate words spoken by adults.
B) Children are rewarded for correctly using words.
C) Children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
D) When a child makes a language error, parents make needed corrections or ask a clarifying question to draw the child's attention to the error.

Accepted Answer

The observation that children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences supports the idea that language is innate, as it suggests that there is a universal grammar that all humans are born with. This observation cannot be easily explained by the idea that language is entirely learned, as it would require all humans to be exposed to the same linguistic input in order to develop the same patterns in their early language use. The other observations (A, B, and D) are consistent with both innate and learned explanations for language acquisition.

Question 7

A pattern of conversational interaction between parent and infant that involves alternate sending and receiving of messages is referred to as
A) turn-taking.
B) imprinting.
C) presemantics.
D) transformation.

Accepted Answer

Turn-taking refers to the pattern of alternating sending and receiving of messages between the parent and infant during conversational interactions. This helps to establish a back-and-forth flow of communication and lays the foundation for more complex language development later on. Imprinting refers to the process by which certain animals develop preferences for or attachment to objects, typically their mothers, shortly after birth or hatching. Presemantics refers to the early stage of language development in which infants begin to recognize and respond to sounds and simple words, but before they have a full understanding of their meaning. Transformation refers to the process of changing one thing into another, and is not related to language development or parent-infant interactions.

Question 8

Which of the following would be considered a signal in early language development?
A) audition
B) tasting
C) visualizations
D) touching

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would be considered...

Question 9

Concerning language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Imitation of adults and rewards for correctly using words are an important part of language learning.
B) Babies actively participate in language learning by asking questions, such as "What dis?"
C) Parents and children begin to communicate long before the child can speak.
D) Noam Chomsky overestimated the importance of learning and social contexts in language and underestimated the innate quality of language.

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky is actually known for emphasizing the innate aspects of language acquisition, arguing that children are born with a language acquisition device (LAD) that allows them to easily learn language. He critiqued the behaviorist view that language is learned solely through imitation and reinforcement, suggesting instead that the ability to learn language is hardwired into the brain.

Question 10

Two-year-old Teshonda is eating her breakfast and tells her mother,"Allgone milk."According to Noam Chomsky,Teshonda is exhibiting which pattern of speech?
A) identification
B) nonexistence
C) negation
D) agent-action

Accepted Answer

Teshonda's statement "All gone milk" is an example of expressing nonexistence, according to Noam Chomsky's theories on language development. This pattern of speech indicates that she is communicating the absence of something, in this case, milk.

Question 11

Two-year-old Mark is looking for his toy.His mother finds one of his cars and hands it to Mark.He says,"Not ball," meaning the car is not what he wanted.According to Noam Chomsky,Mark is exhibiting which pattern of speech?
A) identification
B) command
C) negation
D) possession

Accepted Answer

Mark is exhibiting negation by saying "Not ball" to indicate that the car is not what he wants.

Question 12

Which linguist claimed that humans have a biological predisposition to develop language?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Konrad Lorenz
C) Noam Chomsky
D) Jean Piaget

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky is known for his theory of universal grammar, suggesting that humans are biologically programmed with an innate ability to develop language.

Question 13

Which of the following observations is cited to support the idea that language is learned?
A) Babies in all cultures communicate first by crying, then cooing, then babbling.
B) Parents and children communicate with shared signals before language appears.
C) Children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
D) Telegraphic speech occurs in every culture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following observations is cited...

Question 14

Regarding early language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Six-week-old babies will gaze at an adult's face in rhythm with the adult's speech.
B) Infants as young as four months engage in vocal turn-taking with adults.
C) The more children interact with parents, the faster they learn to talk and the faster they learn thinking abilities.
D) The interchanges between parents and infants under ten months of age do not represent real communication.

Accepted Answer

The interchanges between parents and infants under ten months of age do represent real communication. While infants may not yet have the ability to speak words, they are able to communicate through facial expressions, gestures, and vocalizations, and parents respond to these cues. This back-and-forth communication is crucial for language development and the development of social skills.

Question 15

Identification,nonexistence,possession,agent-action,negation,and questions are the
A) stages of early language development.
B) typical patterns of children's first sentences.
C) stages of cognitive development.
D) typical patterns of one's personality development.

Accepted Answer

These are typical patterns of children's first sentences as they begin to form basic sentence structures and express fundamental concepts.

Question 16

Dr.Jones is a psychologist who specializes in the psychology of language and language development.Dr.Jones would be referred to as a
A) psycholinguist.
B) paralanguage specialist.
C) parapsychologist.
D) phrenologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Jones specializes in the psychology of language and language development, which falls under the field of psycholinguistics. Therefore, Dr. Jones would be referred to as a psycholinguist. B is incorrect because paralanguage refers to nonverbal elements of communication, such as tone and body language, rather than language development. C is incorrect because parapsychology is a field unrelated to language development or psychology. D is incorrect because phrenology is a discredited field that claims to analyze personality traits based on the shape of the skull.

Question 17

Two-year-old Marian and her mother are at the park.People nearby hear Marian talking to her mother,"See birdie," "Want cookie," and "My ball." According to Noam Chomsky,Marian is exhibiting
A) the identification, agent-action, and possessive patterns of speech.
B) the question, command, and ownership patterns of speech.
C) negation behavior speech patterns.
D) babbling.

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky's theories of language acquisition focus on the idea that children are born with an innate ability to understand and use language. He believes that children learn language through the acquisition of grammatical rules and patterns, which they apply to the language around them. The identification, agent-action, and possessive patterns of speech are examples of such patterns, and they are commonly exhibited by young children as they learn to communicate. Therefore, Marian's speech patterns align with Chomsky's theories of language acquisition.

Question 18

A pattern of speech used when talking to infants that is characterized by the parent using a higher-pitched voice,short,simpler sentences; and an exaggerated or musical inflection is known as
A) transformations.
B) telegraphic speech.
C) syntactical expression.
D) parentese or motherese.

Accepted Answer

The pattern of speech described is commonly known as parentese or motherese, characterized by a higher-pitched voice, simplified sentences, and an exaggerated or musical inflection, used when talking to infants. Choice A refers to a type of linguistic rule, while B and C do not capture the specific pattern of speech in question.

Question 19

Two-year-old Shun is watching his mother putting the groceries away.When he sees the juice,he says,"Mama give," indicating that he wants some juice.According to Noam Chomsky,Shun is exhibiting which pattern of speech?
A) identification
B) possession
C) question
D) agent-action

Accepted Answer

Shun's statement "Mama give" is an example of agent-action speech pattern, where "Mama" is the agent (the doer) and "give" is the action. This pattern reflects Chomsky's theory that children have an innate ability to understand and produce language, including recognizing subjects and verbs in sentences.

Question 20

A specialist in the psychology of language is a
A) parapsychologist.
B) phrenologist.
C) psycholinguist.
D) graphologist.

Accepted Answer

A specialist in the psychology of language is called a psycholinguist.

Quiz 3: B: Human Development

According to Chomsky,children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences,which strongly suggests that language patterns must be

In early language development,any behaviors,such as touching,vocalizing,gazing,or smiling,that allow non-verbal interaction and turn-taking between parent and child are known as shared

In talking to an infant,an adult may use exaggerated or musical voice inflections during a type of speech known as

Eighteen-month-old Marty is pointing at objects in the park and trying to name them.His mother praises him for his correct labeling,and she tells Marty the correct name for objects he mislabels.This scene illustrates the importance of which of the following in language acquisition?

Through such games as "I'm-Going-To-Get-You," adults and babies come to share similar rhythms and expectations that help to create a system that includes touching,vocalizing,gazing,and smiling,which are referred to as shared

Which of the following observations supports the innate explanation for language and does NOT support the idea that language is learned?

A pattern of conversational interaction between parent and infant that involves alternate sending and receiving of messages is referred to as

Which of the following would be considered a signal in early language development?

Concerning language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Two-year-old Teshonda is eating her breakfast and tells her mother,"Allgone milk."According to Noam Chomsky,Teshonda is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

Two-year-old Mark is looking for his toy.His mother finds one of his cars and hands it to Mark.He says,"Not ball," meaning the car is not what he wanted.According to Noam Chomsky,Mark is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

Which linguist claimed that humans have a biological predisposition to develop language?

Which of the following observations is cited to support the idea that language is learned?

Regarding early language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Identification,nonexistence,possession,agent-action,negation,and questions are the

Dr.Jones is a psychologist who specializes in the psychology of language and language development.Dr.Jones would be referred to as a

Two-year-old Marian and her mother are at the park.People nearby hear Marian talking to her mother,"See birdie," "Want cookie," and "My ball." According to Noam Chomsky,Marian is exhibiting

A pattern of speech used when talking to infants that is characterized by the parent using a higher-pitched voice,short,simpler sentences; and an exaggerated or musical inflection is known as

Two-year-old Shun is watching his mother putting the groceries away.When he sees the juice,he says,"Mama give," indicating that he wants some juice.According to Noam Chomsky,Shun is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

A specialist in the psychology of language is a