Question 1

One by-product of colonial dealings with indigenous peoples has been the growth of _______________ and the use of anthropological techniques and knowledge for certain "practical" ends.
A)applied anthropology
B)ethnography
C)ethnology
D)quantitative anthropology
E)qualitative anthropology

Accepted Answer

Applied anthropology refers to the use of anthropological knowledge to solve practical problems, such as those that arise in colonial dealings with indigenous peoples. The other options, such as ethnography and ethnology, refer more to the study and description of cultures and societies, and may not necessarily be used for practical ends. Quantitative and qualitative anthropology refer more to methodological approaches, rather than a specific application of anthropological knowledge.

Question 2

Although the Trobriand Islanders of Melanesia have adopted a number of items from the British,such "borrowed" things are combined with traditional ones,as in the ritual celebration of the yam harvest,which they combined with the game of cricket which the British missionaries insisted they play instead of the traditional celebration.This is an example of _______________,
A)creativity
B)ingenuity
C)imagination
D)syncretism
E)inspiration

Accepted Answer

Syncretism refers to the merging of different cultural practices or beliefs to create a new, hybrid form. The Trobriand Islanders' combination of the traditional yam harvest celebration with the British game of cricket demonstrates syncretism.

Question 3

The discovery that the firing of clay makes it permanently hard is an example of a(n)_______________.
A)fluke
B)accidental innovation
C)surprise occurrence
D)primary innovation
E)secondary innovation

Accepted Answer

The answer of The discovery that the firing of clay...

Question 4

The _______________ deliberately avoided modernization,until they felt they had no other option if they were to fend off the same outside forces that elsewhere in Amazon basin have destroyed whole societies.
A)Skolt Lapps
B)Inuit
C)Shuar
D)Dinka
E)Yoruba

Accepted Answer

The sentence suggests that the society in question has consciously avoided modernization to protect itself from outside forces. Among the options, the Shuar people of the Amazon basin are known to have resisted outside influence and maintained their traditional way of life until recently. The Skolt Lapps, Inuit, Dinka, and Yoruba do not necessarily fit the description given in the sentence.

Question 5

The violent eradication of an ethnic group's collective cultural identity is called _______________.
A)acculturation
B)homicide
C)genocide
D)ethnocide
E)extinction

Accepted Answer

Ethnocide refers to the deliberate and systematic destruction of the culture of an ethnic group, which can include the eradication of language, traditions, heritage, and identity, without necessarily involving direct physical violence against the people themselves.

Question 6

Syncretism results when _______________.
A)people become assimilated in the face of powerful outside pressure
B)people are able to keep the faith with their traditions in the face of powerful outside domination
C)people develop thyroid deficiencies
D)an ethnic group is exterminated by another group
E)people rebel against a powerful external group

Accepted Answer

Syncretism occurs when people blend their traditional beliefs with new influences, maintaining their cultural identity despite external pressures.

Question 7

Which of the following is not considered one of the mechanisms of change?
A)innovation
B)diffusion
C)cultural loss
D)acculturation
E)accommodation

Accepted Answer

Accommodation is not typically listed as a primary mechanism of cultural change, whereas innovation, diffusion, cultural loss, and acculturation are recognized mechanisms.

Question 8

_______________ always involves an element of force,either directly,as in conquests,or indirectly,as in the implicit or explicit threat that force will be used if people refuse to make the changes those in the other group expect them to make.
A)Assimilation
B)Acculturation
C)Integration
D)Amalgamation
E)Incorporation

Accepted Answer

Acculturation involves the adoption of the norms, values, and customs of another culture, and this adoption may be forced or coerced. Assimilation involves the absorption of a minority group into the dominant culture, often resulting in loss of the minority group's distinct customs, language, etc. Integration involves the merging of two or more groups, while amalgamation involves the blending of two or more groups into a new entity. Incorporation refers to the inclusion of something as part of a larger whole. However, only acculturation involves an element of force or coercion.

Question 9

_________________________ is the deliberate application or modification of an existing idea,method or device.
A)Acculturation
B)Assimilation
C)Adaptation
D)Primary innovation
E)Secondary innovation

Accepted Answer

Secondary innovation is a deliberate modification or improvement to an existing idea, method or device. It builds upon primary innovation, which involves the creation of a completely new idea or invention. Acculturation refers to the process of adapting to a new culture, while assimilation refers to merging with the dominant culture. Adaptation can refer to any type of change or adjustment.

Question 10

One of the first and most prominent anthropologists to focus on these worldwide transformations was _______________.
A)Franz Boas
B)Eric Wolf
C)Laura Nader
D)William Jankowiak
E)John Swetnam

Accepted Answer

Eric Wolf was one of the first and most prominent anthropologists to focus on worldwide transformations and the global economy. He wrote extensively on the impact of colonialism, capitalism, and globalization on societies around the world.

Question 11

The most common pattern characterizing violence against indigenous people in Brazil is _______________.
A)racism
B)violence against indigenous people
C)massacres
D)illegal detention
E)police brutality

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common pattern characterizing violence against...

Question 12

Another name for massive cultural change is which takes place as a result of one society coming into contact with a more powerful society is _______________.
A)acculturation
B)extinction
C)fusion
D)consolidation
E)amalgamation

Accepted Answer

Acculturation is the process of cultural change that occurs as a result of contact between different cultures, where one culture may adopt certain elements of another culture while still retaining some of its original cultural practices. This process typically occurs when a less powerful society comes into contact with a more powerful society, resulting in a form of cultural exchange or assimilation. The other answer choices do not accurately describe the process of cultural change that occurs through contact between societies.

Question 13

According to your text,a recent act of ethnocide occurred between the _______________ and the _______________.
A)Nazi Germans/ Jews and Gypsies in Europe
B)Iraqi government/Kurds in Iraq
C)Chinese and Tibetans
D)Guatemalan government/Mayan communities in Guatemala
E)colonial authorities/Pequot Indians in North America

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your text,a recent act of...

Question 14

The recent Zapatista uprising in Mexico is considered a(n)_______________.
A)act of terrorism
B)revolution
C)ethnocide
D)tribute to Emiliano Zapata
E)economic catastrophe

Accepted Answer

The Zapatista uprising was a coordinated and armed resistance movement by the marginalized indigenous communities in Southern Mexico against the Mexican government's policies. It aimed at gaining recognition, rights, and autonomy for the indigenous communities, and hence, it can be considered a revolution. The movement focused on non-violent civil resistance and political organizing, and did not commit any acts of terrorism. It was also not a tribute to any individual, and economic catastrophe is not an accurate characterization of the movement. Ethnocide is a term used to describe the intentional destruction of a particular ethnic group, and while the Zapatistas were fighting against marginalization and discrimination, they were not facing genocide.

Question 15

_______________ are the developers of the world's largest array of nutritious foods and the primary contributors to the world's varied cuisine.
A)Africans
B)Italians
C)Chinese
D)French
E)American Indians

Accepted Answer

American Indians are known for their diverse and nutritious diets, incorporating a wide range of plants and animals that were native to the Americas. They developed many farming techniques and food preparation methods that are still used today, such as roasting, boiling, and drying foods like maize, beans, squash, and wild game. Many staples of modern American cuisine, such as potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and cocoa, were also originally cultivated by indigenous peoples.

Question 16

As a result of _______________ contributions,river basin development policy is an area where anthropologists are now playing a major role worldwide.
A)Boas's
B)Horowitz's
C)Gluckman's
D)dos Santos's
E)Gould's

Accepted Answer

Horowitz's contributions in the field of environmental anthropology, particularly regarding river basin development, have been significant, leading to a greater role for anthropologists in this area worldwide.

Question 17

_______________ is a consequence of change that happens to work favorably for a population.
A)Acculturation
B)Assimilation
C)Progress
D)Adaptation
E)Modernization

Accepted Answer

Adaptation refers to a population's ability to adjust to changing circumstances, and if such changes prove beneficial to the population, it can be considered a consequence of change that works favorably. Acculturation, assimilation, progress, and modernization do not necessarily imply that the outcome is positive for the population.

Question 18

____________________ may occur when so many carriers of a culture die that those who manage to survive become members of another society as refugees and are living among members of another culture.
A)Ethnocide
B)Genocide
C)Cultural eradication
D)Diffusion
E)Innovation

Accepted Answer

Ethnocide refers to the deliberate and systematic destruction of the culture of an ethnic group. This can occur through various means, including forced assimilation, displacement, and even genocide. In the scenario described, the cultural identity of the refugees is at risk of being lost as they are forced to adapt to a new culture in order to survive. This can ultimately lead to the extinction of their cultural traditions, language, and way of life, which constitutes ethnocide. Therefore, Choice A is the best answer.

Question 19

An estimated __________________ people are currently refugees and are stuck in cramped squalid refugee camps around the world.
A)2 million
B)23 million
C)16 million
D)5 million
E)10 million

Accepted Answer

As of recent estimates, approximately 16 million people are refugees living in cramped and squalid conditions in camps worldwide.

Question 20

_______________ is a relatively recent phenomenon,occurring only during the past 5,000 years or so.
A)Terrorism
B)Depression
C)Recession
D)Revolution
E)Stagnation

Accepted Answer

The other options (terrorism, depression, recession, stagnation) are not necessarily recent phenomena and have occurred throughout history. However, revolutions, defined as a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that occurs in a relatively short period of time, have become increasingly common over the past 5,000 years as societies have become more complex and hierarchical.

Quiz 15: Processes of Change

One by-product of colonial dealings with indigenous peoples has been the growth of _______________ and the use of anthropological techniques and knowledge for certain "practical" ends.

The discovery that the firing of clay makes it permanently hard is an example of a(n) _______________.

The _______________ deliberately avoided modernization,until they felt they had no other option if they were to fend off the same outside forces that elsewhere in Amazon basin have destroyed whole societies.

The violent eradication of an ethnic group's collective cultural identity is called _______________.

Syncretism results when _______________.

Which of the following is not considered one of the mechanisms of change?

_______________ always involves an element of force,either directly,as in conquests,or indirectly,as in the implicit or explicit threat that force will be used if people refuse to make the changes those in the other group expect them to make.

_________________________ is the deliberate application or modification of an existing idea,method or device.

One of the first and most prominent anthropologists to focus on these worldwide transformations was _______________.

The most common pattern characterizing violence against indigenous people in Brazil is _______________.

Another name for massive cultural change is which takes place as a result of one society coming into contact with a more powerful society is _______________.

According to your text,a recent act of ethnocide occurred between the _ and the _.

The recent Zapatista uprising in Mexico is considered a(n) _______________.

_______________ are the developers of the world's largest array of nutritious foods and the primary contributors to the world's varied cuisine.

As a result of _______________ contributions,river basin development policy is an area where anthropologists are now playing a major role worldwide.

_______________ is a consequence of change that happens to work favorably for a population.

____________________ may occur when so many carriers of a culture die that those who manage to survive become members of another society as refugees and are living among members of another culture.

An estimated __________________ people are currently refugees and are stuck in cramped squalid refugee camps around the world.

_______________ is a relatively recent phenomenon,occurring only during the past 5,000 years or so.