Question 1

During World War II,cultural anthropologists worked for the government to describe the cultures of Germany and Japan in an effort to provide knowledge that might help the United States win the war.This is an example of _______________.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of applied anthropology, which involves the practical application of anthropological theories and methods to solve real-world problems or address practical issues. In this case, cultural anthropologists were employed by the government to provide information and insights about the cultures of Germany and Japan that might help the United States win the war.

Question 2

In the 1960s,the children of many middle-class and upper-class families,trying to come to terms with the disparity between the ideologies expressed by their parents (e.g. ,the importance of peace,equality,and individual freedom)and the reality of war,poverty,and individual constraints,tried to establish a more satisfying way of life.Many ran away from home to live in communes where they tried to abolish individual property and fulfill ideals of universal love.This is an example of _______________.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of revitalization, where individuals or groups attempt to create a new or improved social or cultural pattern to address perceived shortcomings or disparities in their current society or culture. In this case, the move to communes to live according to ideals of universal love and without individual property was an attempt to revitalize societal values and practices in line with their ideologies.

Question 3

Changes in Skolt Lapp society occurred because _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Changes in Skolt Lapp society occurred because...

Question 4

The development of a bureaucracy,expansion of educational opportunities,reduction in the spheres of social behavior in which religion and kinship play a role,achievement replacing ascription as the basis for defining roles-all of these are associated with _______________.

Accepted Answer

These are all characteristics commonly associated with modernization, the process by which societies become more technologically advanced, economically specialized, and socially differentiated. The growth of bureaucracies, opportunities for education, and the weakening of traditional social institutions like religion and kinship are all common features of modern societies. Similarly, the emphasis on individual achievement rather than inherited or ascribed status is another hallmark of modernization. Structural differentiation (B) refers more specifically to the increased complexity of organizational structures within modern societies, while revitalization (C) refers to efforts to revive or renew traditional practices in response to perceived cultural decay or disruption. Diffusion (D) and acculturation (E) both refer to the spread of cultural traits or the adoption of new cultural practices from other societies, but do not capture the more comprehensive changes associated with modernization.

Question 5

A deliberate attempt by members of society to construct a more satisfying culture may be called a(n)_______________.

Accepted Answer

A revitalization movement is a deliberate attempt by members of society to construct a more satisfying culture. It generally occurs in response to some kind of social or cultural breakdown, and involves a conscious effort to revive traditional culture or create a new, syncretic culture that incorporates elements of both traditional and modern ways of life.

Question 6

_________________ funded the Institute for Development Anthropology and has made pioneering contributions to applied anthropology.

Accepted Answer

Michael Horowitz is known for founding the Institute for Development Anthropology and has made significant contributions to applied anthropology, focusing on integrating anthropological insights into practical development projects.

Question 7

The field of applied anthropology developed _______________.

Accepted Answer

The field of applied anthropology developed in colonial situations, where anthropologists aided colonial administrations in the governance of colonized peoples. Applied anthropology has also been used in various settings such as industry, government, and community development.

Question 8

Which of the following are considered to be important precipitators of rebellion and revolution?

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (sudden reversal of recent economic advances, the media no longer supporting the government, the established leadership losing prestige, and a strong, charismatic leader organizing attacks on the existing government) are recognized factors that can precipitate rebellion and revolution. These factors undermine the existing social and political order, creating conditions ripe for upheaval.

Question 9

_______________ did extensive research on peasants and also worked tirelessly to promote ethics in anthropological research.

Accepted Answer

Eric Wolf did extensive research on peasants and was also known for promoting ethics in anthropological research. The other options were also notable anthropologists, but their work did not revolve specifically around peasants or ethics in research to the same extent as Eric Wolf.

Question 10

The British introduced cricket to "civilize" the Trobriand Islanders.What happened?

Accepted Answer

The Trobrianders changed the game of cricket so that it became more like their traditional contest, which involved display of prestige, use of battle magic, and erotic dancing. This adaptation is known as "Trobiand cricket".

Question 11

The _______________ were known historically as the Lapps.

Accepted Answer

The Saami people were historically known as the Lapps, and are an indigenous group living in northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia.

Question 12

In acculturation,subordinate groups will often incorporate new cultural elements into their own culture,creating a blend of old and new;a reinterpretation of new cultural elements to fit them with already existing traditions is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

Syncretism involves blending new cultural elements with existing traditions, resulting in a reinterpreted and adapted culture that incorporates both old and new elements. This process often occurs in acculturation as subordinate groups integrate elements from the dominant culture into their own. Innovation refers to the creation of new cultural elements or practices, while diffusion refers to the spread of cultural elements from one group to another. Integrative mechanisms and modernization are broader concepts that may encompass aspects of acculturation but are not specific to the process of adapting to a new culture.

Question 13

What strategy did the Jivaroan-speaking Shuar of Ecuador use to preserve their culture?

Accepted Answer

The Jivaroan-speaking Shuar of Ecuador preserved their culture through a combination of strategies: organizing a corporate body that held land in common, requiring their schools to use the Shuar language, and preserving the role of kinship in the organization of local communities.

Question 14

Carol Jenkins received a MacArthur Foundation grant in order to study the emergence of new diseases in _______________.

Accepted Answer

Carol Jenkins received a MacArthur Foundation grant to study the emergence of new diseases in Papua New Guinea.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an NGO?

Accepted Answer

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an example of a non-governmental organization (NGO) as it operates independently from any government and is involved in natural conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.

Question 16

All of the following are associated with modernization except ______________.

Accepted Answer

Linguistic development is not typically considered a central aspect of modernization, which is more commonly focused on economic, social, and technological changes. Therefore, choice E (linguistic development) is the best answer, while A, B, C, and D are all associated with modernization.

Question 17

Ethnocide is represented by which of the following examples?

Accepted Answer

Ethnocide refers to the deliberate destruction of a culture or ethnic group. All the options mentioned above involve some form of deliberate destruction of a group's way of life, which makes E the correct answer. Option A refers to the systematic killing of Native Americans, including men, women, and children. Option B refers to the drastic reduction in the Kung population as a result of diseases introduced by outsiders. Option C describes forcibly moving hunting and gathering groups and forcing them to settle and farm. Finally, option D involves the forced resettlement of groups that were previously enemies to the same reservation, which could lead to further destruction of their cultural practices.

Question 18

As modernization occurs,which of the following changes are likely to follow?

Accepted Answer

As societies modernize, there are various changes that tend to occur, including an increase in literacy rates, a decrease in the role of religion, a reduced significance of kinship ties, and an increase in social mobility. Therefore, all of the above options are likely to follow modernization.

Question 19

Revolution is a phenomenon that began some _______________ years ago.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Revolution is a phenomenon that began some...

Question 20

The term "modernization" _______________.

Accepted Answer

Modernization refers to the process of cultural and socioeconomic change whereby societies acquire the characteristics of industrialized societies. This includes changes in technology, economy, politics, and social organization. It is not a relativistic concept, as it implies a universal trajectory towards industrialization and urbanization. It also does not suggest that all societies go through the same stages of development, as different societies may have different paths towards modernization.

Quiz 15: Processes of Change