Question 1

The Nez Perce Leadership Council example was given as an example of a collective approach to leadership.

Accepted Answer

The Nez Perce Leadership Council is an example of a collective approach to leadership, in which decisions are made collaboratively and power is distributed among multiple individuals.

Question 2

The principles approach to the study of management focuses on the study of what managers do in organizations, with emphasis on basic concepts such as reasonable responsibilities and span of control.

Accepted Answer

The statement correctly describes the principles approach to the study of management. It emphasizes on the study of the basic concepts and practices of management, including the responsibilities of managers and their span of control.

Question 3

When we study the foundations of bureaucracy, such as the writings of Max Weber, we see that the thinking was "bureaucracy could do no wrong" because it removed favoritism in organizations.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber did not believe that bureaucracy was immune to making mistakes. While he argued that it was a more rational and efficient way of organizing, he recognized that there were potential downsides such as rigidity, impersonality, and red tape. Additionally, Weber saw bureaucracy as a means to eliminate nepotism and arbitrary decision-making, but he did not suggest that it was foolproof or perfect.

Question 4

Jung, who wrote about genetically determined traits, was a Swiss psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung was indeed a Swiss psychologist who explored concepts related to the psyche, including ideas that touch upon traits and behaviors that could be seen as being influenced by genetic or inherited factors.

Question 5

The Great Man theory purported that men are natural leaders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Great Man theory purported that men...

Question 6

The trait theory has been proved to be true because two leaders with different traits cannot have the same level of success in leadership.

Accepted Answer

The trait theory of leadership has been criticized for oversimplifying the complexity of leadership and ignoring situational factors that may affect leadership success. Therefore, it cannot be definitively concluded that two leaders with different traits cannot have the same level of leadership success.

Question 7

The behavioral approach to leadership study emphasizes what a leader does and gained its popularity starting in the 1950s.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach to leadership study does emphasize what a leader does and gained its popularity starting in the 1950s.

Question 8

The managerial grid theory of Blake and Mouton emphasizes a contingency approach to leadership, in which there is no single ideal approach from one situation to another.

Accepted Answer

The managerial grid theory of Blake and Mouton identifies a range of management styles based on the concern for people and the concern for production, but it does not emphasize a contingency approach; instead, it suggests an ideal management style (9,9) that balances high concern for both people and production.

Question 9

An important element in Hersey and Blanchard's theory deals with organizational maturity, a financial term indicating the final date for payment of principal and interest.

Accepted Answer

Hersey and Blanchard's theory of situational leadership does not involve the financial term of organizational maturity, but instead focuses on the readiness level and development stage of the followers in relation to the leadership style needed.

Question 10

A delegating style in the Hersey and Blanchard model is composed of high supportive and high directive leader behavior.

Accepted Answer

In the Hersey and Blanchard model, a delegating style is characterized by low supportive and low directive leader behavior.

Question 11

According to the path-goal theory, the leader's responsibility is to match organizational goals and employee goals so that employees can best attain their goals.

Accepted Answer

The path-goal theory emphasizes that leaders should provide guidance and support to employees in order to help them achieve their goals and the goals of the organization. This involves adjusting leadership behaviors based on employee needs and task demands in order to enhance employee motivation and performance.

Question 12

Research on path-goal theory has identified the major factors that affect the correct style to use, including the level of interdependency as one of the factors that calls for a more participatory style when jobs are highly interdependent.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that when jobs are highly interdependent, a more participatory style is needed according to path-goal theory.

Question 13

Strategies to assist low-performing employees include the leader providing feedback quickly unless it is negative, in which case the feedback should occur over a long term, starting very generally so that it will be accepted.

Accepted Answer

Effective strategies for assisting low-performing employees involve providing both positive and negative feedback promptly and specifically, rather than delaying negative feedback or starting very generally. This approach helps in addressing issues directly and constructively, facilitating improvement and development.

Question 14

In low-exchange relationships, according to LMX theory, influence from the leader to the member is reciprocal.

Accepted Answer

In low-exchange relationships, influence from the leader to the member is typically one-way, with the leader having more power and control over the relationship. Reciprocity in influence is more common in high-exchange relationships.

Question 15

One lesson to students from the LMX theory is that if they wish to be perceived as competent and committed to the job, they should strive for what the theory calls high-exchange relationship status.

Accepted Answer

The LMX theory does suggest that individuals who want to be seen as competent and committed to the job should aim for a high-exchange relationship status with their leader. This involves going above and beyond the basic requirements of the job and developing a strong, positive relationship with the leader based on mutual respect, trust, and communication. This can lead to greater rewards, opportunities, and job satisfaction for the individual, as well as higher performance and success for the team or organization.

Question 16

In postindustrial Asia, the study of leadership continues to be a study of:
A) individualism
B) personality
C) collectivism
D) humanism

Accepted Answer

Postindustrial Asia generally views leadership through the lens of collectivism, which values the prioritization of the group over the individual. This approach emphasizes the importance of harmony, consensus building, and interpersonal relationships within the organization.

Question 17

One of the three approaches that dominated most management thinking and writing in the "classical management period" is:
A) Taylor's scientific management
B) Drucker's knowledge work productivity
C) Marx's theory of social class
D) Handy's organizational behavior

Accepted Answer

According to most management historians and theorists, Taylor's scientific management was one of the three approaches that dominated management thinking and writing in the classical management period, along with administrative principles by Henri Fayol and bureaucratic principles by Max Weber.

Question 18

To design efficient management practices, the scientific management movement advocated the use of the following analytic tool:
A) production leveling
B) Maynard operation sequence technique
C) methods-time measurement
D) time-and-motion study

Accepted Answer

The scientific management movement advocated for the use of time-and-motion study as an analytical tool to design efficient management practices. This involved breaking down each task into its individual parts and analyzing each part to optimize the overall process.

Question 19

One company cited in the textbook that continues to be successful in following the principles of scientific management is:
A) UPS
B) Google
C) Apple
D) Avon

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that UPS has continued to use scientific management principles such as time and motion studies, standardization of work, and training to improve efficiency and productivity in their package delivery operations.

Question 20

As part of the "classical management period," the approach that emphasized the role of mid- and senior-level managers in organizing rationally at a high level of organizational activity is known as:
A) Steele's lucidity theory
B) Fayol's administrative theory
C) Taylor's scientific management
D) Marx's theory of communal organization

Accepted Answer

Fayol's administrative theory emphasized the role of mid- and senior-level managers in organizing rationally at a high level of organizational activity, including functions such as planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. This approach became popular during the classical management period, which focused on enhancing efficiency and productivity through standardized processes and hierarchies of authority. The other choices (A, C, and D) are different theories or approaches that do not specifically address the role of mid- and senior-level managers in organizing at a high level of organizational activity.

Quiz 3: From Early Managerial to Transactional Theories of Leadership