Question 1

Regarding Beck's views on depression,which of the following definitions of cognitive errors and negative schema is NOT correct?
A) In a self-blame schema, depressed individuals feel personally responsible for every bad thing that happens.
B) Arbitrary inference means that a depressed individual emphasizes the positive rather than the negative aspects of a situation.
C) In a negative self-evaluation schema, depressed individuals believe that they can never do anything correctly.
D) Overgeneralization occurs when a small error is magnified to mean something much more significant.

Accepted Answer

Arbitrary inference actually means the opposite - that a depressed individual emphasizes the negative rather than the positive aspects of a situation. This is a type of cognitive error where a person focuses only on the negative aspects and ignores any positive aspects, leading to an overly negative interpretation of the situation.

Question 2

Negative cognitive styles are associated with a vulnerability to subsequent depression
A) in people in general.
B) in people who have already been depressed.
C) only in people who are currently depressed.
D) only in women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Negative cognitive styles are associated with a...

Question 3

Which of the following statements is TRUE about tricyclics?
A) Tricyclics work within 24 hours after they are ingested.
B) It is not clear how tricyclics work.
C) Tricyclics block the reuptake of acetylcholine.
D) Weight loss is a side effect of taking a tricyclinc.

Accepted Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants are believed to work by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and serotonin, but the exact mechanism is not fully understood.

Question 4

For individuals who had not been previously depressed,research studies indicate that a marital separation or divorce resulted in
A) a higher rate of depression in men.
B) a higher rate of depression in women.
C) approximately equal rates of depression for males and females.
D) no symptoms of depression in either males or females.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For individuals who had not been previously...

Question 5

Which of the following is a well-known and widely used selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?
A) Prozac
B) Valium
C) Hypericum
D) Thorazine

Accepted Answer

Prozac is a well-known and widely used SSRI medication that is commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental health conditions. Valium is a benzodiazepine medication used primarily for the treatment of anxiety and other conditions. Hypericum (also known as St. John's Wort) is an herbal supplement sometimes used for the treatment of mild depression, but its effectiveness is not well established. Thorazine is an antipsychotic medication used primarily for the treatment of certain mental health conditions like schizophrenia.

Question 6

The antidepressant medications known as imipramine (Tofranil)and amitriptyline (Elavil)are included in the class of drugs called
A) SSRIs.
B) tricyclics.
C) MAO inhibitors.
D) tranquilizers.

Accepted Answer

Imipramine (Tofranil) and amitriptyline (Elavil) are both tricyclic antidepressants, which are a class of drugs that work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and norepinephrine. SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are a newer class of antidepressants that work specifically by increasing levels of serotonin. MAO inhibitors (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) are another older class of antidepressants that work by inhibiting the breakdown of certain neurotransmitters. Tranquilizers are a type of medication used to help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation, but they are not typically used to treat depression.

Question 7

Studies has shown that tricyclics have caused
A) manic episodes in the elderly.
B) severe weight loss in adolescents.
C) sudden death in children.
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies has shown that tricyclics have caused
A)...

Question 8

Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following EXCEPT
A) culturally induced dependence and passivity.
B) sense of uncontrollability and helplessness.
C) low value placed on intimate relationships.
D) self-blame for being depressed.

Accepted Answer

Low value placed on intimate relationships is not a potential reason for higher rates of depression in women. The other options, culturally induced dependence and passivity, sense of uncontrollability and helplessness, and self-blame for being depressed have been identified as potential contributors to the gender disparity in depression rates.

Question 9

Preliminary results of a study of cognitive vulnerability to depression (Alloy et al.,2000)found that ____ of the students with thought patterns classified as "high risk" for depression subsequently suffered a major depressive episode whereas only ____ of the "low risk" students subsequently experienced a major depressive episode.
A) 16%; 3%
B) 25%; 15%
C) 40%; 5%
D) 85%; 10%

Accepted Answer

The study found that 16% of the students with thought patterns classified as "high risk" for depression subsequently suffered a major depressive episode, whereas only 3% of the "low risk" students subsequently experienced a major depressive episode.

Question 10

The following types of medications are all used to treat depression EXCEPT
A) SSRIs.
B) mixed reuptake inhibitors.
C) MAO inhibitors.
D) GABA inhibitors.

Accepted Answer

GABA inhibitors are not typically used to treat depression. The other three options (SSRIs, mixed reuptake inhibitors, and MAO inhibitors) are all commonly used antidepressants.

Question 11

In Aaron Beck's depressive cognitive triad,individuals think negatively about all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) themselves
B) their immediate world
C) their past
D) their future

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck's depressive cognitive triad involves negative thoughts about oneself, one's immediate world (or environment), and one's future. It does not explicitly include one's past.

Question 12

Common side effects of antidepressants include
A) weight gain.
B) constipation.
C) dry mouth.
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Antidepressants commonly cause weight gain, constipation, and dry mouth as side effects. Therefore, the best and correct choice is D (all of the above).

Question 13

The class of drugs that blocks the enzyme that breaks down norepehinephrine and serotonin is
A) SSRIs.
B) tricyclics.
C) MAO inhibitors.
D) tranquilizers.

Accepted Answer

MAO inhibitors block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin. This leads to increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, alleviating symptoms of depression or anxiety. SSRIs, tricyclics, and tranquilizers work through different mechanisms and do not directly affect the breakdown of norepinephrine and serotonin.

Question 14

According to recent research on the development of depression,dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook)and hopelessness attributes (explaining things negatively)constitute a _____________ vulnerability to depression.
A) biological
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) sociological

Accepted Answer

The terms "dysfunctional attitudes" and "hopelessness attributes" refer to negative thought patterns or cognitive biases, indicating that the vulnerability to depression is related to cognitive factors, hence the best choice is B, cognitive.

Question 15

A student who has been doing very well in her psychology class receives a minor critical comment on an essay that she wrote as part of an exam.The student thinks,"This is terrible.I'm probably going to fail the course." This type of cognitive error in thinking is called _________.
A) arbitrary inference
B) overgeneralization
C) splitting
D) dissociating

Accepted Answer

The cognitive error in thinking described in the scenario is overgeneralization, which involves making a sweeping generalization based on a single negative event or piece of information. The student's belief that she will fail the entire course based on one minor comment is an example of overgeneralization. Arbitrary inference involves drawing conclusions without any evidence, splitting involves black-and-white thinking and dividing things into extreme categories, and dissociating involves disconnecting oneself from reality. None of these options accurately describe the cognitive error in thinking in the scenario.

Question 16

Which of the following factors contribute to the integrative theory of depression?
A) Stressful life events
B) Stress hormones
C) Neurotransmitters
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

The integrative theory of depression combines and incorporates multiple factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of depression, including stressful life events, stress hormones, and neurotransmitters. Therefore, all of the choices listed (A, B, and C) are correct.

Question 17

Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women relate to the disadvantages experienced by women in the United States such as
A) discrimination and poverty.
B) abuse and sexual harassment.
C) both of these
D) none of these

Accepted Answer

Discrimination and poverty as well as abuse and sexual harassment are all significant factors that contribute to the disadvantages experienced by women in the United States. These experiences can lead to increased stress, low self-esteem, and a sense of powerlessness, all of which can contribute to the development of depression. Therefore, it is likely that the combination of these factors contributes to the higher rates of depression found in women.

Question 18

With regard to social support,
A) having one close friend did not affect depression rates.
B) having social support helped speed recovery from depressive episodes.
C) having social support had no effect in China.
D) having social support helped speed recovery from manic episodes.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that having social support can help speed recovery from depressive episodes. Having one close friend may not be enough to make a significant impact on depression rates, but a wider network of social support can be beneficial. While there may be cultural differences in how social support is perceived and utilized, it is incorrect to state that it has no effect in China. Social support has also been shown to be helpful for some individuals in managing manic episodes, but it may not be as effective as other treatments such as medication and therapy.

Question 19

Side effects of the tricyclic antidepressants include _______________.
A) weight loss
B) excessive urination
C) sexual dysfunction
D) insomnia

Accepted Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants commonly cause sexual dysfunction as a side effect, such as decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, or difficulty achieving orgasm. Weight loss, excessive urination, and insomnia are not common side effects of tricyclic antidepressants.

Question 20

Clinical studies have shown that the response rate for patients receiving relief from depressive symptoms is approximately ________.
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Accepted Answer

Clinical studies have shown that approximately 50% of patients receiving treatment experience relief from depressive symptoms. This response rate may vary depending on factors such as the severity and duration of the depression, as well as the type of treatment received.

Quiz 7: Mood Disorders And Suicide

Regarding Beck's views on depression,which of the following definitions of cognitive errors and negative schema is NOT correct?

Negative cognitive styles are associated with a vulnerability to subsequent depression

Which of the following statements is TRUE about tricyclics?

For individuals who had not been previously depressed,research studies indicate that a marital separation or divorce resulted in

Which of the following is a well-known and widely used selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) ?

The antidepressant medications known as imipramine (Tofranil) and amitriptyline (Elavil) are included in the class of drugs called

Studies has shown that tricyclics have caused

Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following EXCEPT

The following types of medications are all used to treat depression EXCEPT

In Aaron Beck's depressive cognitive triad,individuals think negatively about all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Common side effects of antidepressants include

The class of drugs that blocks the enzyme that breaks down norepehinephrine and serotonin is

According to recent research on the development of depression,dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and hopelessness attributes (explaining things negatively) constitute a _____________ vulnerability to depression.

A student who has been doing very well in her psychology class receives a minor critical comment on an essay that she wrote as part of an exam.The student thinks,"This is terrible.I'm probably going to fail the course." This type of cognitive error in thinking is called _________.

Which of the following factors contribute to the integrative theory of depression?

Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women relate to the disadvantages experienced by women in the United States such as

With regard to social support,

Side effects of the tricyclic antidepressants include _______________.

Clinical studies have shown that the response rate for patients receiving relief from depressive symptoms is approximately ________.