Question 1

If you were asked to explain Freud's structure of the mind to a friend who was unfamiliar with psychology,you might use an organizational analogy in which the id would be the employee who comes to work late and takes very long lunch hours,the superego would be the building security guard,and the ego would be
A) a newly hired employee.
B) a recently fired employee.
C) a manager.
D) a salesperson.

Accepted Answer

The ego acts as a mediator between the impulsive id and the moralistic superego, much like a manager balances the differing needs and expectations of employees and management.

Question 2

A "double blind" experiment to ascertain the effectiveness of animal magnetism therapy was conducted by
A) Philippe Pinel.
B) Anton Mesmer.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Benjamin Franklin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A "double blind" experiment to ascertain the...

Question 3

Although Freud conceptualized the libido as the life energy within the id,many people think of it as the __________.
A) death instinct
B) sex drive
C) conscience
D) Oedipal conflict

Accepted Answer

While Freud did define libido as the energy behind all human desires, including sexuality, many people today primarily associate the term with sexual desire and drive. The other options listed are separate concepts within Freudian theory.

Question 4

Anton Mesmer,an early 18th century physician,purported to cure patients by unblocking their flow of a bodily fluid he called "animal magnetism." In fact,any effectiveness of his methods was actually due to
A) undetectable magnetic fields.
B) chemically induced humoral balance.
C) mental telepathy.
D) the power of suggestion.

Accepted Answer

Mesmer's methods were based on suggestion and the power of the mind, rather than any physical or chemical phenomenon. Later, it was discovered that many of his supposed cures were the result of the placebo effect.

Question 5

Realizing that patients were often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis,Charcot,Breuer,and Freud hypothesized the existence of ___________,a concept considered one of the most important developments in the history of psychopathology.
A) neurosis
B) the unconscious mind
C) the Electra complex
D) catharsis

Accepted Answer

The existence of the unconscious mind was hypothesized by Charcot, Breuer, and Freud after realizing that patients were often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis. This concept is considered one of the most important developments in the history of psychopathology.

Question 6

You have just read a newspaper article about a savage rape and murder.You wonder how someone could commit such a horrible crime.Then you recall from your study of Freudian theory that according to Freud,anyone could be a killer or rapist if _________ impulses were not well controlled.
A) egoistic
B) phallic
C) id
D) mesmeric

Accepted Answer

According to Freudian theory, the id represents our primal, unconscious impulses such as aggression and sexuality. If these impulses are not well controlled by the ego and superego, individuals may act on them in inappropriate and destructive ways, such as committing rape and murder.

Question 7

The warring id and superego cause anxiety as a result of
A) intrapsychic conflict.
B) displacement.
C) conscience judging the ego ideal.
D) defense mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

The warring id and superego cause anxiety as a result of intrapsychic conflict, which occurs when there is a clash between the impulses of the id and the morality of the superego. This creates a tension within the individual which results in anxiety.

Question 8

In using hypnosis to treat patients with psychological disorders,Freud discovered
A) that it is therapeutic to recall and relive emotionally traumatic events.
B) that patients are unable to process emotionally charged information.
C) that hypnosis was less effective than mesmerism.
D) the existence of conscious memories.

Accepted Answer

Freud discovered that hypnosis is therapeutic in helping patients recall and relive emotionally traumatic events, which could potentially lead to the resolution of psychological disorders.

Question 9

Freud's technique included the release of emotional material,which was known as _________.
A) insight
B) catharsis
C) free association
D) wish fulfillment

Accepted Answer

The release of emotional material in Freud's technique was known as catharsis. This often involved exploring and expressing suppressed or repressed emotions, experiences, and memories. Through catharsis, individuals could potentially achieve a sense of emotional release and resolution of psychological conflicts.

Question 10

According to Freudian theory,anxiety is a signal for the ego to marshal its mechanisms of defense,which function as
A) reality-based actions.
B) unconscious protective processes.
C) conscious efforts to maintain control.
D) primitive emotional responses.

Accepted Answer

In Freudian theory, anxiety signals the ego to activate defense mechanisms, which operate unconsciously to protect the individual from threatening or uncomfortable feelings. These defense mechanisms work on an unconscious level to help the individual avoid confronting difficult emotions or experiences.

Question 11

You have been asked to give a report on the mental hygiene movement and its foremost crusader Dorothea Dix,who campaigned for more humane treatment of the insane.After mentioning all of her accomplishments,you note the unforeseen consequence of her efforts,namely,
A) a decrease in the number of mental patients in institutions, forcing many to close.
B) an increase in the number of mental patients, resulting in insufficient staff to care for them.
C) a change from custodial care to moral therapy for institutionalized patients.
D) more patients receiving psychotherapy and fewer receiving medication.

Accepted Answer

Dorothea Dix's advocacy led to the establishment of many new mental institutions across the United States. However, this expansion resulted in a significant increase in the number of mental patients institutionalized, which in turn led to a shortage of adequate staff to provide proper care for all patients.

Question 12

According to psychoanalytic theory,the __________ develops early in life to ensure that we can adapt to the demands of the real world while still finding ways to meet our basic needs.
A) ego
B) superego
C) libido
D) ideal self

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the ego develops early in life to ensure that we can adapt to the demands of the real world while still finding ways to meet our basic needs. It is responsible for mediating between the demands of the id (our primitive, instinctive drives) and the constraints of the external world. The superego and ideal self both develop later in life and are more concerned with moral and ethical behavior. The libido refers to our sexual and life instincts.

Question 13

A classmate in your psychology course is worried about the selfish and sometimes dangerous drives of the id.You respond by saying that
A) each of us develops an ego to help us behave more realistically.
B) id fantasies never become reality.
C) psychologists disproved Freud's theories a long time ago.
D) since id impulses are usually part of consciousness awareness, we can learn to control them.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of personality, the ego develops to help us mediate between the unrealistic desires of the id and the constraints of the external world. Therefore, choice A is the most accurate and supported response to the classmate's concerns. Choices B and C are not accurate as they oversimplify and misrepresent Freud's theory, and choice D is not entirely accurate as some id impulses may be unconscious and difficult to control without therapy or other interventions.

Question 14

As used in modern terminology to reflect coping styles,defense mechanisms
A) can be either adaptive or maladaptive.
B) are always maladaptive.
C) are never adaptive.
D) are always self-defeating.

Accepted Answer

Defense mechanisms can be either adaptive or maladaptive, depending on how effectively they allow an individual to cope with stress or emotional challenges. Some defense mechanisms, such as humor or positive reframing, can be adaptive and even helpful in certain situations, while others, such as denial or avoidance, can be maladaptive and ultimately harmful to one's mental health.

Question 15

According to psychoanalytic theory,the id operates on the "pleasure principle," so it
A) adheres to social rules and regulations.
B) thinks in an unemotional, logical, and rational manner.
C) is sexual, aggressive, selfish, and envious.
D) utilizes secondary process thinking.

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the id is the primitive and instinctual part of the psyche, which operates on the "pleasure principle," seeking immediate gratification of its desires and drives. This can manifest as sexual impulses, aggressive tendencies, selfishness, envy, and other instinctual urges. Therefore, C is the correct choice as it describes the characteristics of the id. Choices A, B, and D do not accurately describe the functioning of the id.

Question 16

In the classic case of Anna O.in 1895,the neurologist Breuer treated her "hysterical" symptoms by using _________.
A) hydrotherapy
B) hypnosis
C) faith healing
D) the placebo effect

Accepted Answer

The neurologist Breuer used hypnosis to treat Anna O.'s "hysterical" symptoms.

Question 17

In Freudian theory "libido" and "thanatos" represent the two basic but opposing drives of ________.
A) life and death
B) sex and celibacy
C) good and evil
D) pleasure and pain

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that every individual has two basic and opposing drives or instincts that govern their behavior. These drives are known as the life instinct or libido, and the death instinct or thanatos. The libido drives us towards pleasure, survival, and reproduction, while the thanatos drives us towards aggression, destruction, and death. Thus, option A is the correct choice as it describes the opposing drives of life and death.

Question 18

Which of the following accurately describes the patients of Freud and Breur after they received hypnotherapy for their psychological disorders?
A) Feelings of relief and improvement
B) Decreased emotionality while in the hypnotic state
C) Accurate post-hypnotic recall
D) Increased understanding of the causes of their psychological disorder

Accepted Answer

Freud and Breur observed that their patients experienced feelings of relief and improvement after receiving hypnotherapy for their psychological disorders.

Question 19

After the mid 1800s,moral therapy declined as a treatment for the mentally ill because
A) the number of patients in mental institutions also declined.
B) immigrants caused an increase in the mental hospital population.
C) the number of people available to staff mental hospitals increased.
D) new biologically based treatments became available.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After the mid 1800s,moral therapy declined as...

Question 20

When Johnny wanted a cookie before dinner,he thought about just going and taking one without permission.However,after thinking about it,he decided to get permission from his mom.Johnny was operating according to the _______ principle.
A) pleasure
B) reality
C) moral
D) Oedipal

Accepted Answer

Johnny was operating according to the reality principle, which involves understanding the consequences of actions and making decisions based on reality, rather than acting on immediate desires or impulses.

Quiz 1: Abnormal Behavior In Historical Context

A "double blind" experiment to ascertain the effectiveness of animal magnetism therapy was conducted by

Although Freud conceptualized the libido as the life energy within the id,many people think of it as the __________.

Anton Mesmer,an early 18th century physician,purported to cure patients by unblocking their flow of a bodily fluid he called "animal magnetism." In fact,any effectiveness of his methods was actually due to

Realizing that patients were often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis,Charcot,Breuer,and Freud hypothesized the existence of ___________,a concept considered one of the most important developments in the history of psychopathology.

You have just read a newspaper article about a savage rape and murder.You wonder how someone could commit such a horrible crime.Then you recall from your study of Freudian theory that according to Freud,anyone could be a killer or rapist if _________ impulses were not well controlled.

The warring id and superego cause anxiety as a result of

In using hypnosis to treat patients with psychological disorders,Freud discovered

Freud's technique included the release of emotional material,which was known as _________.

According to Freudian theory,anxiety is a signal for the ego to marshal its mechanisms of defense,which function as

You have been asked to give a report on the mental hygiene movement and its foremost crusader Dorothea Dix,who campaigned for more humane treatment of the insane.After mentioning all of her accomplishments,you note the unforeseen consequence of her efforts,namely,

According to psychoanalytic theory,the __________ develops early in life to ensure that we can adapt to the demands of the real world while still finding ways to meet our basic needs.

A classmate in your psychology course is worried about the selfish and sometimes dangerous drives of the id.You respond by saying that

As used in modern terminology to reflect coping styles,defense mechanisms

According to psychoanalytic theory,the id operates on the "pleasure principle," so it

In the classic case of Anna O.in 1895,the neurologist Breuer treated her "hysterical" symptoms by using _________.

In Freudian theory "libido" and "thanatos" represent the two basic but opposing drives of ________.

Which of the following accurately describes the patients of Freud and Breur after they received hypnotherapy for their psychological disorders?

After the mid 1800s,moral therapy declined as a treatment for the mentally ill because

When Johnny wanted a cookie before dinner,he thought about just going and taking one without permission.However,after thinking about it,he decided to get permission from his mom.Johnny was operating according to the _______ principle.