Question 1

Sandy suffers from. Alzheimer's disease Her treatment includes the application of electrical shock to the head for the purpose of inducing therapeutically beneficial seizures. Which of the following treatments is Sandy being given?

Accepted Answer

The treatment of inducing therapeutically beneficial seizures through the application of electrical shock to the head is called Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). It is used to treat various mental illnesses such as depression, bipolar disorder, and sometimes Alzheimer's disease.

Question 2

The application of an electrical current to the head to induce therapeutically effective seizures is called

Accepted Answer

The application of an electrical current to the head to induce therapeutically effective seizures is called electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Hypnosis and psychosurgery are not related to the use of electrical current to induce seizures, while insulin shock therapy is a different form of treatment that involves administering insulin to induce a hypoglycemic state, not the use of electrical current.

Question 3

The trait theory approach proposes that abnormality occurs when the individual has

Accepted Answer

The trait theory approach suggests that abnormality is caused by maladaptive personality traits. These are traits that hinder an individual's ability to function adaptively in their environment and can lead to psychological distress. Traits such as impulsivity, aggression, and anxiety can all contribute to abnormal behavior.

Question 4

One major trait theory approach to abnormal psychology proposes that

Accepted Answer

The trait theory approach proposes that there are five basic dispositions in personality (also known as the "Big Five" personality traits): openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. This approach suggests that abnormality may be due to an extreme or unbalanced expression of these traits.

Question 5

Dr. Richard treats his patients suffering from psychological disorders by probing into their dreams and looking for possible unconscious determinants of their abnormal behavior. Identify the theoretical orientation behind the process employed by Dr. Richard.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Richard's approach of probing into patients' dreams and examining possible unconscious determinants of behavior aligns with the psychodynamic theoretical orientation, which emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts from early childhood experiences in shaping behavior.

Question 6

Which of the following is one of the three personality structures described by Freud?

Accepted Answer

Freud proposed three personality structures - the Id, Ego, and Superego. The Superego reflects one's internalized moral and ethical standards and is responsible for enforcing socially acceptable behaviors and inhibiting socially unacceptable actions.

Question 7

As stated by Freud, which of the personality structures hidden in the unconscious contains sexual and aggressive instincts?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's structural model of the psyche, the id is the unconscious part of the personality that contains the instinctual and primitive urges, including sexual and aggressive instincts.

Question 8

According to Freud, we can obtain pleasure only when

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, pleasure is obtained when the tension of an unmet drive is reduced. This tension is caused by the conflict between the id's instinctual drives and the demands of reality. When the drive is satisfied, the tension is reduced and pleasure is experienced.

Question 9

The id's primal instincts are referred to as the

Accepted Answer

The id is the part of the personality that consists of innate, biological instincts and in Freudian theory, the primary motivator of behavior. These instincts are collectively referred to as the libido.

Question 10

Which of the following is the center of conscious awareness in the personality that gives the individual the cognitive powers of judgment, memory, perception, and decision making?

Accepted Answer

The ego is the center of conscious awareness in the personality that gives the individual the cognitive powers of judgment, memory, perception, and decision making. The superego is responsible for the internalization of cultural rules and values, while the id is the unconscious and instinctual part of the personality. Libido refers to the energy created by the survival and sexual instincts.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the ego?

Accepted Answer

The ego operates on secondary process thinking, which is logical and rational in nature. It distances itself from the primitive impulses of the id and considers the external reality in decision-making. It balances the demands of the id and the superego with the reality principle, striving to fulfill the individual's desires within the constraints of society. A is incorrect because it is the id that operates under the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. B is wrong because the id harbors the innate biological urges of aggression and sexuality. D is incorrect because the superego represents the moral compass of the personality, imposing social and cultural standards upon the ego's decision-making.

Question 12

Which of the following is the personality's seat of morality?

Accepted Answer

The Superego is the seat of morality in the personality according to Freudian theory. It is responsible for enforcing moral standards and ideals, and produces feelings of guilt or shame when these standards are not met.

Question 13

In the context of psychoanalytic theory, which of the following is involved in the process of logical and rational problem solving?

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, secondary process thinking is involved in the process of logical and rational problem solving. This type of thinking is associated with the ego and is characterized by logical, rational, realistic, and goal-directed thoughts. Primary process thinking, on the other hand, is associated with the id and is characterized by irrational, illogical, and fantasy-based thoughts. The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which seeks immediate gratification of basic biological drives.

Question 14

Which of the following personality structures described by Freud includes the conscience?

Accepted Answer

The superego is responsible for a person's moral compass and includes the conscience, as well as society's norms and values.

Question 15

What is the primary function of the superego?

Accepted Answer

The superego serves as a moralizing and controlling force in the personality, exerting control over the seeking of instinctual gratification, often by imposing guilt or the aspiration to ideals.

Question 16

In the context of Freud's theory, protective efforts that keep unacceptable thoughts, instincts, and feelings out of conscious awareness and thus protect the ego against anxiety are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Protective efforts that keep unacceptable thoughts, instincts, and feelings out of conscious awareness and thus protect the ego against anxiety are referred to as defense mechanisms in Freud's theory.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of repression?

Accepted Answer

Forgetting the name of someone you dislike is an example of repression. Repression is the unconscious blocking of unwanted thoughts, memories, or emotions. Forgetting the name of someone you dislike is a way for your subconscious to protect you from negative feelings or thoughts associated with that person.

Question 18

Ronald is bullied at school but he does not retaliate. However he goes home and aggressively hits his punching bag. Which of the following defense mechanisms is Ronald using?

Accepted Answer

Ronald is using displacement as a defense mechanism by redirecting his aggressive feelings from the source of his distress (the bullies) towards a less threatening object (the punching bag).

Question 19

Karen is in her late teens. Her parents are going through a rough phase in their marriage and are contemplating divorce. Karen is emotionally disturbed and is confused as to how to react to the situation. Of late Karen has begun to wet her bed. Identify the defense mechanism that Karen is using?

Accepted Answer

Karen is using the defense mechanism of regression, which involves retreating to an earlier stage of development in response to stress. Wetting the bed is a behavior typically associated with young children, and Karen's current situation may be causing her to revert to this behavior.

Question 20

Which post-Freudian psychoanalyst theorized that the unconscious is formed at its very root around a set of images common to all human experience, which he called archetypes?

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung is the post-Freudian psychoanalyst who introduced the concept of archetypes, which he believed were universal symbolic images that exist in the collective unconscious of all individuals.

Quiz 4: Theoretical Perspectives