Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the possible characteristics of autism spectrum disorder highlighted in the text?

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention high levels of norepinephrine as a characteristic of autism spectrum disorder. The other options (lack of ability to form emotional bonds, cognitive difficulties preventing appropriate communication, and unable to engage in imitative play patterns) are mentioned as possible characteristics.

Question 2

The fact that autism spectrum disorder shows a pattern of familial inheritance indicates that there may be

Accepted Answer

The fact that autism spectrum disorder shows a pattern of familial inheritance strongly suggests a genetic basis for this disorder.

Question 3

High-functioning autism spectrum disorder was formerly called

Accepted Answer

High-functioning autism spectrum disorder was formerly called Asperger's disorder.

Question 4

The Lovaas treatment rests on principles of

Accepted Answer

The Lovaas treatment is based on the principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), which is a type of operant conditioning. The treatment involves reinforcing and shaping desired behaviors through positive reinforcement and using consequences to decrease undesired behaviors.

Question 5

Teaching children with autism spectrum disorder how to break down a large problem into smaller tasks, self-monitoring of language, relaxation training, and covert conditioning and introducing small changes in the child's environment are all methods derived from which theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

These methods are all derived from the behavioral perspective, which focuses on observable behaviors and uses techniques such as operant conditioning to modify them.

Question 6

Which of the following factors best predicts the success of behavioral interventions in treating autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

The intensity and duration of the training program have been found to be the best predictor of success in behavioral interventions for autism spectrum disorder, according to research studies. While factors such as severity of the disorder and age of onset may play a role, they are not as consistently significant predictors as the intensity and duration of the training program. Medication status, while important for managing specific symptoms, does not directly impact the effectiveness of behavioral interventions.

Question 7

Which of the following is the most effective form of intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the most...

Question 8

Which of the following is a neurodevelopmental disorder, occurring almost exclusively in females, in which the child develops normally early in life up to the age of 4 and then begins to show a number of neurological and cognitive impairments?

Accepted Answer

Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs almost exclusively in females. It is characterized by normal early development up to the age of 4, followed by a regression of neurological and cognitive functioning. Symptoms include loss of speech and motor skills, repetitive hand movements, breathing difficulties, and seizures. B, C, and D are all neurodevelopmental disorders, but they do not match the description of Rett syndrome.

Question 9

Up until five months of age, Maureen was developing normally. At age two, her parents noticed that her head seemed small compared to other two-year-olds and the quality of her interaction with them deteriorated. Maureen was most likely diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Rett syndrome is characterized by normal early growth and development followed by a slowing of development, loss of purposeful use of the hands, distinctive hand movements, slowed brain and head growth, problems with walking, seizures, and intellectual disability. The symptoms described, including the normal development up to five months, followed by a deterioration in interaction and a smaller head size (microcephaly), are indicative of Rett syndrome.

Question 10

_____ was a disorder specified in DSM-IV-TR in which the child develops normally for the first 2 years and then starts to lose language, social, and motor skills, as well as other adaptive functions, including bowel and bladder control.

Accepted Answer

Childhood disintegrative disorder was a specific disorder in DSM-IV-TR that described a regression of previously acquired skills after 2 years of age. However, it is no longer a separate diagnosis in DSM-5, and is now subsumed under the broader category of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 11

Till she was two years old, Janet reached all the developmental milestones in time. However, after her second birthday, she began experiencing severe difficulties in walking and coordinating her movements. She stopped interacting with people and was unable to use language effectively. She had bladder control problems even at the age of eight. With regard to the diseases specified under DSM-IV-TR, Janet was most likely diagnosed with _____ disorder.

Accepted Answer

Childhood disintegrative disorder is a rare condition in which a child appears to develop normally for at least two years and then begins to lose social, communication, and other skills, as described in the scenario. The disorder is similar to autism, but with a later onset. Rumination disorder involves regurgitating food and rechewing it, while Asperger's disorder is a form of autism but does not typically involve regression in development. Alzheimer's is a disease that primarily affects older adults and involves memory problems and cognitive decline.

Question 12

A disorder in which there is a significant delay or deficit in an academic skill is referred to as a(n) _____ disorder.

Accepted Answer

Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a term used in the diagnostic manuals of both the DSM-5 and ICD-11 to describe a disorder in which there is a significant delay or deficit in an academic skill, such as reading, writing, or math. Educational, knowledge, and intelligence disorders are not recognized diagnostic categories.

Question 13

Specific learning disorders are found in approximately what percentage of school-aged children in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Specific learning disorders affect approximately 8% of school-aged children in the United States, according to data from various educational and psychological studies.

Question 14

In which learning disorder does the individual have difficulty with mathematical tasks and numerical concepts?

Accepted Answer

Specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics, also known as dyscalculia, is a learning disorder where an individual has difficulty with mathematical tasks and numerical concepts. This can lead to difficulty in basic arithmetic, understanding mathematical symbols, and solving mathematical problems.

Question 15

Norm has just started first grade but does not understand what his teacher means when she asks him to count to 10. He is also baffled by her requests to add or subtract numbers. Norm may be diagnosed as having

Accepted Answer

Norm's difficulties with understanding basic mathematical concepts like counting, adding, and subtracting suggest a specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics, which is often referred to as dyscalculia.

Question 16

_____ is a learning disorder in which the individual's writing is characterized by poor spelling, grammatical or punctuation errors, and disorganization of paragraphs.

Accepted Answer

The given symptoms indicate a specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression, commonly known as dysgraphia. This disorder mainly affects writing skills and can affect an individual's ability to convey their thoughts and ideas in writing. The other options, such as impairments in reading, expressive, or receptive language, do not fully explain the given symptoms.

Question 17

Tabatha is in the second grade but is not able to write complete sentences. Her hand writing is not legible. She has difficulty with spellings and makes lot of punctuation errors. Even though she has put in a lot of effort to improve her academic performance, she is unable to overcome these problems. Which of the following disorders in Tabatha most likely to be suffering from?

Accepted Answer

Tabatha's symptoms, such as difficulty writing complete sentences, illegible handwriting, spelling difficulties, and punctuation errors, are consistent with a specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression.

Question 18

In which learning disorder does a child omit, distort, or substitute words when reading, and read in a slow and halting fashion?

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by difficulty in reading, including omitting, distorting, or substituting words, and reading slowly and haltingly. The other options do not include these specific symptoms.

Question 19

Dyslexia is also known as

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder with impairment in reading. While expressive and receptive language disorders also affect communication skills, they are different from dyslexia, which specifically affects reading skills. Dyslexia can also impact written expression, but the primary issue is with reading.

Question 20

Meredith, who is 6 years old, has a lot of difficulty in reading. When asked to read aloud, she is very slow and often leaves out words. She reads letters and words in a reversed manner. When she is reading letters, she reads them incorrectly, for example the letter "b" looks like "d" and "m" becomes "n." Meredith may be suffering from

Accepted Answer

Meredith's difficulty in reading, including the reversal of letters and slow, inaccurate reading, are common symptoms of dyslexia. Stuttering and cluttering both involve problems with speech production, while expressive language disorder is characterized by difficulty with language (speaking, writing, or understanding) rather than specifically reading.

Quiz 5: Neurodevelopmental Disorders