Question 1

__________ theorists stress that socialization contributes to false consciousness-a lack of awareness and a distorted perception of the reality of class as it affects all aspects of social life.Socialization reaffirms and reproduces the class structure in the next generation rather than challenging the conditions that presently exist.
A) Conflict
B) Postmodern
C) Functionalist
D) Symbolic interactionist

Accepted Answer

This description aligns with the perspective of Conflict theorists, who see socialization as a means for maintaining the status quo and reproducing the existing class structure, rather than challenging it. They emphasize how socialization contributes to false consciousness, which is a distorted perception of social reality that reinforces existing power structures.

Question 2

According to sociologists Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis,much of what happens in school amounts to teaching a(n) __________ in which children learn to be neat,on time,quiet,wait their turn,and remain attentive to their work.
A) discipline scenario
B) authoritarian agenda
C) hidden curriculum
D) media program

Accepted Answer

The term "hidden curriculum" refers to the implicit lessons and values that students learn through the culture and structure of schooling, rather than through explicit teaching. Bowles and Gintis argue that much of this hidden curriculum serves to socialize students into the norms and expectations of bourgeois society, including discipline, punctuality, and deference to authority.

Question 3

__________ are the persons,groups,or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society.
A) Interaction forums
B) Agents of socialization
C) Sources of social reference
D) Role sets

Accepted Answer

Agents of socialization are the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us the norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors that are necessary to participate in society. Examples of agents of socialization include family, schools, peer groups, and the media.

Question 4

To a large extent,the family is where we acquire our ____________ because it is where we acquire specific racial,ethnic,class,religious,and regional subgrouping.
A) education
B) social position
C) economic background
D) exosystem

Accepted Answer

Social position refers to one's standing or rank in society, which is influenced by various factors such as race, ethnicity, class, religion, and regional subgrouping. These factors are often acquired through family socialization and can shape an individual's opportunities and outcomes in life. While education and economic background are also influenced by family, they are more specific aspects rather than overarching social positions. Exosystem refers to the external environment that indirectly affects an individual but is not directly related to family socialization.

Question 5

Sociologists argue that the __________ is the most important agent of socialization in all societies.
A) school
B) peer group
C) family
D) mass media

Accepted Answer

The family is considered the most important agent of socialization in all societies because it is the first and primary source of socialization for a child. It is through interactions with their family members that children learn the norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors that are considered appropriate and important in their society. Additionally, the family provides the emotional and psychological support necessary for a child's development and plays a crucial role in shaping their individual identity. While other agents of socialization may play important roles as well, the family is generally seen as the most significant.

Question 6

A __________ is a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who are in charge.Examples include military boot camps,jails and prisons,and concentration camps.
A) resocializing institution
B) deviant behavior modifier
C) total institution
D) complete institution

Accepted Answer

A total institution is a place where individuals are completely isolated from the rest of society and are subject to strict rules and control. This includes institutions such as military boot camps, jails and prisons, and concentration camps. In these institutions, the individual's identity is stripped away and they are given a new set of rules and behaviors to adhere to, with the hope of changing or modifying their behavior.

Question 7

__________ theorists assert that students have different experiences in the school system depending on their social class,their racial/ethnic background,the neighborhood in which they live,and their sex/gender.
A) Postmodern
B) Conflict
C) Symbolic interactionist
D) Functionalist

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists focus on issues of inequality and how different social groups experience differential treatment within society. The fact that students may have different experiences in the school system depending on factors such as their social class, race/ethnicity, neighborhood, and gender aligns with the perspective of conflict theory. Postmodernists may also address issues of inequality, but they tend to view society as fragmented and diverse, making it less likely for them to focus on deterministic factors like social class or ethnicity. Symbolic interactionists may be interested in how students experience school and interact with teachers and peers, but may not address the larger structural forces at play. Functionalist theory tends to focus on how institutions contribute to social stability and order, and may overlook issues of inequality and differential experiences.

Question 8

A __________ is a group of people who are linked by common interests,equal social position,and (usually) similar age.
A) reference group
B) peer group
C) social group
D) primary group

Accepted Answer

A peer group is a group of people who share similar characteristics such as age, interests, and social position. They often provide a sense of belonging and identity for individuals in the group. The term "peer" refers to individuals who are equal in status or share a commonality, such as attending the same school or being in the same age range.

Question 9

Corsaro states that ___________ is a stable set of activities or routines,artifacts,values,and concerns that children produce and share.
A) social group
B) peer culture
C) gang
D) juvenile group

Accepted Answer

Corsaro defines peer culture as "a stable set of activities or routines, artifacts, values, and concerns that children produce and share in interaction with their peers." It is a distinct culture or world created by children that is separate from adult culture. Social group and juvenile group are too broad and could encompass both children and adults. A gang typically has a negative connotation and implies criminal activity, which is not necessarily present in peer culture.

Question 10

According to sociologist Melvin Kohn,__________ is one of the strongest influences on what and how parents teach their children.
A) race and ethnic background
B) social class (parental occupation)
C) religion
D) the media (particularly television)

Accepted Answer

Melvin Kohn's research suggests that social class (parental occupation) is one of the most significant factors in shaping parents' child-rearing practices and values. Parents in higher social classes tend to prioritize independence, self-direction, and creativity, while parents in lower social classes are more likely to emphasize obedience, conformity, and respect for authority. This difference reflects the different demands and rewards of different occupations and social positions.

Question 11

Generally,studies have found that quality day-care and preschool programs have a:
A) negative effect on the overall learning curve of children
B) negative effect on the overall socialization of children
C) positive effect on the marriage of the parents
D) positive effect on the overall socialization of children

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that high-quality day-care and preschool programs have a positive effect on the overall socialization of children. They provide opportunities for children to interact with their peers and adults outside of their immediate family, which can improve their social skills and emotional development.

Question 12

In kindergarten,teachers typically have a "naptime" when children are expected to get their blankets,lie down,and rest.Some children might respond that they aren't sleepy,but are told that "naptime" takes place at a certain time and all members of the class are expected to respond appropriately.This exemplifies the:
A) authoritarian agenda
B) bureaucratic rule system
C) discipline scenario
D) hidden curriculum

Accepted Answer

The scenario described goes beyond the explicit curriculum and sets expectations for behavior and conformity, which is part of the hidden curriculum. It's not an authoritarian agenda because the teacher is not enforcing anything beyond the established rules. It's not a bureaucracy because there's no complex and impersonal system of rules in place. It's not a discipline scenario because there's no punishment or corrective action being taken.

Question 13

It is from this institution that we first learn cultural and social values,language,attitudes,beliefs,and norms.
A) education
B) religion
C) economy
D) family

Accepted Answer

The institution referred to in the statement is the family, as it is the primary source for learning cultural and social values, language, attitudes, beliefs, and norms. It is typically the first social institution that a person encounters and plays a fundamental role in shaping the individual's values and behaviors. While education, religion, and the economy also play a role in influencing culture and social values, they are not the primary source mentioned in the statement.

Question 14

According to the work of Melvin Kohn,__________ parents,who have more freedom and flexibility at work,tend to give their children more freedom to make their own decisions and to be more creative.
A) middle and professional classes
B) lower class
C) upper class
D) working class

Accepted Answer

According to Melvin Kohn's work, parents in the middle and professional classes who have more freedom and flexibility at work tend to give their children more autonomy and encourage creativity.

Question 15

Which of the following agents of socialization teach specific knowledge and skills but also have a profound effect on children's self-image,beliefs,and values?
A) media
B) sports
C) peers
D) school

Accepted Answer

While all of the options listed can have an impact on children's self-image, beliefs, and values, school is the agent of socialization that is specifically designed to teach knowledge and skills. In addition to academic subjects, schools also teach children about social norms and values, which can have a profound impact on their development.

Question 16

The __________ approach emphasizes that socialization is a collective process in which children are active and creative agents,not just passive recipients of the socialization process.From this view,childhood is a socially constructed category.
A) postmodernist
B) functionalist
C) symbolic interactionist
D) conflict

Accepted Answer

The symbolic interactionist approach emphasizes that socialization is a collective process in which children are active and creative agents, not just passive recipients of the socialization process. From this view, childhood is a socially constructed category.

Question 17

Theorists using a __________ perspective emphasize that families serve important duties in society because they are the primary source for the procreation and socialization of children.
A) conflict
B) symbolic interactionist
C) postmodern
D) functionalist

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective emphasizes the important roles that families play in society, including the procreation and socialization of children. This perspective views families as essential institutions that maintain social order and stability.

Question 18

Currently,about __________ percent of all U.S.preschool children are in day care,either in private homes or institutional settings,and this percentage continues to climb.
A) 10
B) 33
C) 60
D) 75

Accepted Answer

According to the National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD), about 60% of all U.S. preschool children are in day care, either in private homes or institutional settings, and this percentage continues to climb.

Question 19

Children in low-income families may be unintentionally socialized to believe that acquiring an education and aspiring to lofty ambitions are pointless because of existing economic conditions in the family.This is an example of which theoretical perspective's view of family?
A) conflict
B) postmodern
C) functionalist
D) symbolic interactionist

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective views social inequality as resulting from competition over scarce resources and power. In this scenario, the low-income families are facing economic constraints that limit resources and opportunities. As a result, the socialization of children to believe that education and ambition are pointless is a reflection of the larger systemic inequalities and conflicts within society.

Question 20

The research of sociologist William Corsaro suggests that the __________ is the most significant public realm for children.
A) peer group
B) mass media
C) family
D) school

Accepted Answer

Corsaro's research suggests that the peer group (other children of the same age with whom the child regularly interacts) is the most significant public realm for children, as they learn social skills and develop their sense of self within this group. While family and school also play significant roles in a child's life, Corsaro's research emphasizes the importance of the peer group in shaping a child's development.

Quiz 4: Socialization

According to sociologists Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis,much of what happens in school amounts to teaching a(n) __________ in which children learn to be neat,on time,quiet,wait their turn,and remain attentive to their work.

__________ are the persons,groups,or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society.

To a large extent,the family is where we acquire our ____________ because it is where we acquire specific racial,ethnic,class,religious,and regional subgrouping.

Sociologists argue that the __________ is the most important agent of socialization in all societies.

A __________ is a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who are in charge.Examples include military boot camps,jails and prisons,and concentration camps.

__________ theorists assert that students have different experiences in the school system depending on their social class,their racial/ethnic background,the neighborhood in which they live,and their sex/gender.

A __________ is a group of people who are linked by common interests,equal social position,and (usually) similar age.

Corsaro states that ___________ is a stable set of activities or routines,artifacts,values,and concerns that children produce and share.

According to sociologist Melvin Kohn,__________ is one of the strongest influences on what and how parents teach their children.

Generally,studies have found that quality day-care and preschool programs have a:

It is from this institution that we first learn cultural and social values,language,attitudes,beliefs,and norms.

According to the work of Melvin Kohn,__________ parents,who have more freedom and flexibility at work,tend to give their children more freedom to make their own decisions and to be more creative.

Which of the following agents of socialization teach specific knowledge and skills but also have a profound effect on children's self-image,beliefs,and values?

The __________ approach emphasizes that socialization is a collective process in which children are active and creative agents,not just passive recipients of the socialization process.From this view,childhood is a socially constructed category.

Theorists using a __________ perspective emphasize that families serve important duties in society because they are the primary source for the procreation and socialization of children.

Currently,about __________ percent of all U.S.preschool children are in day care,either in private homes or institutional settings,and this percentage continues to climb.

Children in low-income families may be unintentionally socialized to believe that acquiring an education and aspiring to lofty ambitions are pointless because of existing economic conditions in the family.This is an example of which theoretical perspective's view of family?

The research of sociologist William Corsaro suggests that the __________ is the most significant public realm for children.