Question 1

According to Sigmund Freud,the newborn child's personality is all __________,and from birth the child finds that urges for self-gratification-such as wanting to be held,fed,or changed-are not going to be satisfied immediately.
A) ego
B) libido
C) superego
D) id

Accepted Answer

According to Sigmund Freud, the newborn child's personality is all id, and from birth, the child finds that urges for self-gratification-such as wanting to be held, fed, or changed-are not going to be satisfied immediately.

Question 2

According to Sigmund Freud,the __________ is the component of personality that includes all of the individual's basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification.
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) libido

Accepted Answer

The id is the component of personality according to Sigmund Freud that includes all of the individual's basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification. The ego and superego are the other two components of personality in Freud's theory. Libido is a general term used by Freud to describe the energy generated by the sexual instinct.

Question 3

Psychologist Jean Piaget believed that,in each stage of human development (from birth to adolescence),children's activities are governed by their:
A) individual psyches
B) perception of the world around them
C) socialization
D) interactions with others

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that children's activities and development are governed by their perception of the world around them. As they grow and develop, their understanding of the world becomes more complex and sophisticated. This perception of the world is shaped by their experiences and interactions with their environment, including other people and objects. As such, Piaget viewed cognitive development as a process of adaptation, whereby children adapt their mental structures to better understand and interact with their environment.

Question 4

Laura would really like to have a second piece of chocolate cake for dessert.After thinking about it,Laura eats the second piece of cake even though she knows this is what she wants and not what she needs.According to psychologist Sigmund Freud's theory of personality,which level of the personality is in control?
A) libido
B) ego
C) id
D) superego

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, the id is the most primitive and instinctual part of the personality, which seeks immediate gratification of basic needs and desires, regardless of social norms or consequences. It operates on the pleasure principle, seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. Therefore, Laura's decision to eat the second piece of cake, despite knowing it's not necessary or beneficial for her, can be attributed to the id's influence.

Question 5

According to Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget,there are __________ stages of childhood development.
A) two
B) four
C) eighth
D) twelve

Accepted Answer

According to Jean Piaget, there are four stages of childhood development: the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years), the preoperational stage (2 to 7 years), the concrete operational stage (7 to 12 years), and the formal operational stage (12 years and older).

Question 6

According to Jean Piaget,in the __________ stage (birth to age two),children understand the world only through sensory contact and immediate action; they cannot engage in symbolic thought or use language.
A) sensorimotor
B) formal operational
C) preoperational
D) concrete operational

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget's sensorimotor stage (birth to age two) is characterized by the child's understanding of the world through sensory contact and immediate action. They have not yet developed symbolic thought or the ability to use language effectively.

Question 7

According to Sigmund Freud,the __________ is first expressed as the recognition of parental control and eventually matures as the child learns that parental control is a reflection of the values and moral demands of the larger society.
A) superego
B) id
C) ego
D) libido

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the superego is the part of the personality that includes the individual's internalized values, morals, and ideals, which stem from parental influence and societal expectations. As children develop, they learn that their parents' rules and expectations are in line with the values and norms of society, leading to the further development and maturation of the superego.

Question 8

Sociologist Kingsley Davis was interested in the case of Anna,a child who was kept in an attic-like room in her grandfather's house,because:
A) he was studying parental attitudes of young, unmarried mothers
B) he wanted to know more about what happens when a child is raised in isolation
C) he was attempting to determine how children develop a generalized other
D) he was examining the relationship between sexual motives and human behavior

Accepted Answer

Kingsley Davis was interested in Anna's case as he wanted to understand the consequences of raising a child in complete isolation. He wanted to explore how a lack of socialization and human interaction could affect a child's development and behavior.

Question 9

Children whose biological and emotional needs are met in settings characterized by affection,warmth,and closeness see the world:
A) as a non-trustworthy and abusive place
B) with suspicion and fear
C) as a safe and comfortable place
D) as a hostile place

Accepted Answer

Children whose biological and emotional needs are met in settings characterized by affection, warmth, and closeness will see the world as a safe and comfortable place. This type of environment fosters a sense of security and allows children to develop trust in themselves and others. Consequently, they are more likely to view the world with a positive outlook.

Question 10

__________ occurs when children's basic needs-including emotional warmth and security,adequate shelter,food,health care,education,clothing,and protection-are not met,regardless of cause.
A) Child neglect
B) Infant maladaptiveness
C) Child mistreatment
D) Toddler maladjustment

Accepted Answer

Child neglect is the failure of a parent, caregiver, or responsible adult to provide for a child's basic needs. These needs include food, shelter, medical care, education, and emotional support. It can occur due to various reasons, such as poverty, substance abuse, mental illness, or lack of knowledge and resources. Child neglect can have long-lasting effects on a child's physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development, and it is a form of child maltreatment that requires intervention to protect the child's well-being.

Question 11

__________ is the systematic study of how biology affects social behavior and asserts that nature is a major factor.
A) Psychophysiology
B) Genetic analysis
C) Sociobiology
D) Cybernation

Accepted Answer

Sociobiology is the systematic study of how biology affects social behavior and asserts that nature is a major factor. Psychophysiology is the study of the physiological basis of human behavior. Genetic analysis is a method of studying the genetic makeup and variations within a population. Cybernation refers to the use of computers and automation in society.

Question 12

Socialization is essential for the ___________ because it enables us to develop our human potential and learn the ways of thinking,talking,and acting that are necessary for social living.
A) nation
B) society
C) group
D) individual

Accepted Answer

Socialization is essential for the individual because it helps them develop their potential and learn the necessary ways of thinking, talking, and acting for social living. While socialization can occur at the group, society, or national level, it is ultimately the individual who benefits from this process.

Question 13

Psychologist Jean Piaget identified four stages of cognitive development.Which of the following is the correct sequence?
A) preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, and concrete operational
B) concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational, and sensorimotor
C) preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational, and sensorimotor
D) sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, the correct sequence of cognitive development is Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), Preoperational Stage (2-7 years), Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years), and Formal Operational Stage (11+ years). Therefore, the correct sequence is D) Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational.

Question 14

According to psychologist Sigmund Freud,human development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of the personality.The __________,or conscience,consists of the moral and ethical aspects of personality.
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) libido

Accepted Answer

The superego, according to Freud, is the part of the personality that represents the moral and ethical aspects of one's identity, including the conscience. The id represents the primitive, instinctual, and pleasure-seeking part of the personality, while the ego serves as the mediator between the id and the external world. The libido, on the other hand, represents the sexual and aggressive drives that motivate behavior.

Question 15

In a series of laboratory experiments,psychologists Harry and Margaret Harlow attempted to:
A) demonstrate the effects of social isolation on nonhuman primates raised without contact with others of their own species
B) demonstrate that human development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of the personality
C) demonstrate how conflicts that coincide with major changes in a person's social environment can be resolved in a positive manner
D) demonstrate that cognitive development occurs in stages and children's activities are governed by their perception of the world around them

Accepted Answer

The Harlow experiments were focused on the effects of social isolation on nonhuman primates, particularly on how it affected their attachment behaviors, social interactions, and maternal bonding.

Question 16

____________ often involves acts of omission (where parents or caregivers fail to provide adequate physical or emotional care for children) rather than acts of commission (such as physical or sexual abuse).
A) Maltreatment
B) Abuse
C) Neglect
D) Maladaptiveness

Accepted Answer

Neglect often involves acts of omission, where parents or caregivers fail to provide adequate physical or emotional care for children, such as not providing necessary food, clothing, shelter, or medical care, as well as not giving proper emotional support and attention. Maltreatment is a broad term that encompasses neglect, abuse, and other forms of harm to children. Abuse is a deliberate act of harm or mistreatment inflicted on a child, such as physical, sexual, or emotional abuse. Maladaptiveness refers to behaviors or traits that are not well-suited to the environment, but is not directly related to child welfare.

Question 17

The case of Anna,a child that was given just enough care to keep her alive illustrates the effects of __________.
A) sexual abuse
B) cognitive abuse
C) socialization
D) social isolation

Accepted Answer

The given case of Anna who was deprived of social contact and interaction since birth, and later rescued at the age of 6, illustrates the effects of social isolation. The lack of socialization in Anna's early childhood led to severe developmental delays and stunted growth, highlighting the critical role of social interaction in human development. Factors like sexual abuse or cognitive abuse may have negative effects but are not directly relevant to Anna's case.

Question 18

__________ is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical,mental,and social skills needed for survival in society.
A) Acculturation
B) Socialization
C) Reification
D) Self-representation

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the lifelong process of learning and adapting to social norms and values, acquiring knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to function effectively in society. It starts from childhood and continues throughout one's life. Acculturation refers to the process of adapting to the culture of a new group or society. Reification is the process of viewing abstract concepts as concrete things. Self-representation refers to how individuals present themselves to others, including their behaviors, appearances, and communication styles.

Question 19

The case of Genie,an isolated child,illustrates that:
A) with proper therapy, children who have been isolated can become a part of the mainstream
B) children who have experienced extreme isolation do not live long enough to reach adulthood
C) children who experience social isolation and neglect may be defined as "retarded" when they reach adulthood
D) isolated children actually can recover quickly from any physical or psychological damages

Accepted Answer

The answer of The case of Genie,an isolated child,illustrates that:
A)...

Question 20

According to Sigmund Freud,the __________ is the rational,reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of individuals.
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) libido

Accepted Answer

The ego is the component of personality that develops as a result of a person's experiences with the external world. Its purpose is to mediate between the impulsive nature of the id and the moral constraints of the superego. It is responsible for ensuring that an individual's actions are realistic,logical, and safe.

Quiz 4: Socialization

According to Sigmund Freud,the newborn child's personality is all __________,and from birth the child finds that urges for self-gratification-such as wanting to be held,fed,or changed-are not going to be satisfied immediately.

According to Sigmund Freud,the __________ is the component of personality that includes all of the individual's basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification.

Psychologist Jean Piaget believed that,in each stage of human development (from birth to adolescence) ,children's activities are governed by their:

According to Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget,there are __________ stages of childhood development.

According to Jean Piaget,in the __________ stage (birth to age two) ,children understand the world only through sensory contact and immediate action; they cannot engage in symbolic thought or use language.

According to Sigmund Freud,the __________ is first expressed as the recognition of parental control and eventually matures as the child learns that parental control is a reflection of the values and moral demands of the larger society.

Sociologist Kingsley Davis was interested in the case of Anna,a child who was kept in an attic-like room in her grandfather's house,because:

Children whose biological and emotional needs are met in settings characterized by affection,warmth,and closeness see the world:

__________ occurs when children's basic needs-including emotional warmth and security,adequate shelter,food,health care,education,clothing,and protection-are not met,regardless of cause.

__________ is the systematic study of how biology affects social behavior and asserts that nature is a major factor.

Socialization is essential for the ___________ because it enables us to develop our human potential and learn the ways of thinking,talking,and acting that are necessary for social living.

Psychologist Jean Piaget identified four stages of cognitive development.Which of the following is the correct sequence?

According to psychologist Sigmund Freud,human development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of the personality.The __________,or conscience,consists of the moral and ethical aspects of personality.

In a series of laboratory experiments,psychologists Harry and Margaret Harlow attempted to:

____________ often involves acts of omission (where parents or caregivers fail to provide adequate physical or emotional care for children) rather than acts of commission (such as physical or sexual abuse) .

The case of Anna,a child that was given just enough care to keep her alive illustrates the effects of __________.

__________ is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical,mental,and social skills needed for survival in society.

The case of Genie,an isolated child,illustrates that:

According to Sigmund Freud,the __________ is the rational,reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of individuals.