Question 1

Which function of genetic material accounts for the appropriate expression of proteins?
A)Information storage
B)Ability to replicate
C)Transmission to the next generation
D)Ability to replicate and transmission to the next generation
E)Production of variation within and between species

Accepted Answer

The function of genetic material that accounts for the appropriate expression of proteins is information storage. This is because DNA contains the genetic information for the production of proteins, and this information is transcribed and translated into protein molecules through a complex process involving various enzymes and cellular machinery.

Question 2

Which characteristic of genetic material accounts for the phenomenon of natural selection?
A)Information
B)Replication
C)Transmission
D)Replication and Transmission
E)Variation

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time as a result of interactions with the environment. The variation in genetic material within a population is what allows for natural selection to occur, as certain traits may confer advantages or disadvantages in a particular environment. Therefore, the characteristic of genetic material that accounts for natural selection is variation.

Question 3

Okazaki fragments are sequences of DNA most often found on the lagging strand of DNA during DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication, while the leading strand is synthesized continuously.

Question 4

Which characteristic of genetic material accounts for the need to get a flu vaccine every year,but a polio vaccine once in a life time?
A)Information
B)Replication
C)Transmission
D)Replication and Transmission
E)Variation

Accepted Answer

The characteristic of variation accounts for the need to get a flu vaccine every year as the influenza virus undergoes frequent mutations, leading to the development of new strains that require updated vaccines. In contrast, the polio virus is genetically stable, and a single vaccine provides long-lasting immunity.

Question 5

Without the work of Rosalind Franklin,Watson and Crick would not have known
A)which nucleotides could pair together.
B)how many strands of DNA made up the molecule.
C)the shape of the molecule.
D)the width of the molecule.
E)nucleotide pairs,number of strands,molecular shape,and molecular width.

Accepted Answer

Rosalind Franklin's work, particularly her X-ray diffraction images of DNA, was crucial in revealing the double helix structure of DNA. Her images provided key insights into the width of the molecule, the spacing of the nucleotide pairs, and the helical shape, which indirectly informed the understanding of which nucleotides could pair together and that DNA was made up of two strands. Thus, her contributions were essential for understanding the nucleotide pairs, the number of strands, the molecular shape, and the molecular width.

Question 6

Some bacteria have been found to have much higher rates of mutation than other members of their populations;they are termed "mutators." What do you think is the reason for their faster rates of mutation?
A)They have much smaller genomes than regular bacteriA.
B)They are much better at bacterial transformation than regular bacteria.
C)They are incapable of bacterial transformation.
D)Their DNA polymerase has compromised 3' to 5' proofreading function.
E)Their DNA polymerase has compromised 5' to 3' polymerase function.

Accepted Answer

The faster rates of mutation in mutator bacteria are likely due to a compromised 3' to 5' proofreading function in their DNA polymerase. This means that errors made during DNA replication are not corrected as effectively, leading to a higher mutation rate.

Question 7

Which of these statements is FALSE?
A)One chromosome is made up of many DNA molecules
B)A eukaryotic genome is made up of many DNA molecules
C)A DNA double helix is composed of both covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds
D)A strand of DNA is made up of many nucleotides

Accepted Answer

One chromosome is made up of many nucleotides, not DNA molecules. DNA molecules are composed of nucleotides.

Question 8

What can be said about interphase chromosomes?
A)Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted,overlapping,and intertwined with each other within the nucleus.
B)Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted and do not associate with histones until the cell is preparing to divide.
C)Interphase chromosomes are also known as euchromatin.Condensed,metaphase chromosomes are also known as heterochromatin.
D)Interphase chromosomes contain radial loops that are formed due to interactions between histone proteins and intermediate filaments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What can be said about interphase chromosomes?
A)Interphase...

Question 9

What can be said about the leading versus the lagging strand in DNA population?
A)The leading strand is replicated continuously for the entire length of the chromosome,while the lagging strand is replicated in pieces.
B)The lagging strand is synthesized in a semiconservative fashion while the leading strand is synthesized in a conservative fashion
C)Synthesis of the lagging strand requires more helicase enzymes than synthesis of the leading strand.
D)The lagging strand has a higher mutation rate than the leading strand

Accepted Answer

The leading strand is replicated continuously in the direction of the replication fork while the lagging strand is replicated in short pieces called Okazaki fragments, in the opposite direction of the replication fork.

Question 10

Which function of genetic material accounts for hemoglobin proteins to be expressed in blood (bone marrow)and myoglobin proteins to be expressed in muscle tissue?
A)Information storage
B)Ability to replicate
C)Transmission to the next generation
D)Ability to replicate and transmission to the next generation
E)Production of variation within and between species

Accepted Answer

The function of genetic material to store information is responsible for hemoglobin proteins being expressed in blood (bone marrow) and myoglobin proteins being expressed in muscle tissue. This is because different types of proteins are needed for different functions in different types of cells in the body. The genetic material contains the instructions for producing these various types of proteins through the process of gene expression.

Question 11

What is true of chromatin?
A)Many active genes are found in heterochromatin,because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA.
B)Many active genes are found in euchromatin,because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA.
C)Euchromatin is most easily viewed in interphase cells.
D)Heterochromatin is composed of damaged DNA that is waiting to undergo repair before DNA can be replicateD.
E)Euchromatin is composed of damaged DNA that is waiting to undergo repair before DNA can be replicated.

Accepted Answer

Many active genes are found in euchromatin because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA. Heterochromatin is more compact and is typically associated with gene silencing. Euchromatin is more loosely packed and accessible for gene expression. Euchromatin is also more visible during interphase because of its less compact structure.

Question 12

Which function of genetic material accounts for high level protection,such as multiple DNA repair mechanisms and storage within the double membrane of the nucleus,that is afforded to eukaryotic cells?
A)Information storage
B)Ability to replicate
C)Transmission to the next generation
D)Ability to replicate and transmission to the next generation
E)Production of variation within and between species

Accepted Answer

The primary function of genetic material that necessitates high-level protection, including multiple DNA repair mechanisms and storage within the double membrane of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, is information storage. This is because the genetic material contains the essential instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of the organism.

Question 13

Without data from the base composition studies of Chargoff,what might Watson and Crick's modeling studies have erroneously concluded?
A)Bases could pair with themselves (e.g.A with A,C with C)
B)Any purine could pair with any purine
C)Any pyrimidine could pair with any pyrimidine
D)Any purine could pair with any purine and any pyrimidine could pair with any pyrimidine
E)Any purine could pair with any pyrimidine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Without data from the base composition studies...

Quiz 9: Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Which function of genetic material accounts for the appropriate expression of proteins?

Which characteristic of genetic material accounts for the phenomenon of natural selection?

Okazaki fragments are sequences of DNA most often found on the lagging strand of DNA during DNA replication.

Which characteristic of genetic material accounts for the need to get a flu vaccine every year,but a polio vaccine once in a life time?

Without the work of Rosalind Franklin,Watson and Crick would not have known

Some bacteria have been found to have much higher rates of mutation than other members of their populations;they are termed "mutators." What do you think is the reason for their faster rates of mutation?

Which of these statements is FALSE?

What can be said about interphase chromosomes?

What can be said about the leading versus the lagging strand in DNA population?

Which function of genetic material accounts for hemoglobin proteins to be expressed in blood (bone marrow) and myoglobin proteins to be expressed in muscle tissue?

What is true of chromatin?

Which function of genetic material accounts for high level protection,such as multiple DNA repair mechanisms and storage within the double membrane of the nucleus,that is afforded to eukaryotic cells?

Without data from the base composition studies of Chargoff,what might Watson and Crick's modeling studies have erroneously concluded?