Question 1

Calculate the BMI of a male who is 5'11" tall and weighs 210 pounds.

Accepted Answer

BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. First, convert height and weight to metric: 5'11" is approximately 1.80 meters, and 210 pounds is approximately 95.25 kilograms. Then, BMI = 95.25 / (1.80)^2 ≈ 29.4, which rounds to 29.

Question 2

You suspect that your 14-year-old female client may have an eating disorder. What advice would you give her?

Accepted Answer

The best choice is to establish a reasonable weight goal based on a healthy body composition. It is important to approach the topic sensitively and to encourage the client to seek additional support from a healthcare professional. Cutting calories, only eating when hungry, monitoring blood glucose, or taking a multivitamin may not address the underlying issue and can potentially worsen the situation.

Question 3

According to BMI criteria, a person with a BMI of 24 would be considered:

Accepted Answer

According to BMI criteria, a person with a BMI of 24 falls within the range of 18.5 to 24.9 which is considered normal weight.

Question 4

Which of the following people would be at lowest risk for the accumulation of abdominal fat?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal fat accumulation tends to increase with age and is influenced by sex hormones, with postmenopausal women having a higher risk. Smoking has also been linked to abdominal fat accumulation. Therefore, a premenopausal woman (D) and a middle-aged man (C) would be at higher risk. Meanwhile, a 15-year-old male football player (E) would likely have a lower risk due to his age and physical activity level.

Question 5

A good indicator of fat distribution on an individual is:

Accepted Answer

Waist circumference is the best indicator of fat distribution on an individual. This is because people with more fat around their waist (android obesity) are at a higher risk for health problems such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes, compared to those with more fat in their hips and thighs (gynoid obesity).

Question 6

The health risk associated with central obesity has to do with:

Accepted Answer

Central obesity, also known as abdominal obesity, is characterized by excess fat accumulation in the abdominal region. This type of obesity is associated with an imbalance in adipokines, which are hormones released by fat cells. This imbalance can lead to inflammation, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

Question 7

Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults are overweight or obese?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 71% of U.S. adults are either overweight or obese. This is based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2017-2018.

Question 8

The recommended range of body fat for a woman is:

Accepted Answer

The recommended range of body fat for a woman is 23-31%. This range is considered healthy and normal, providing enough fat for physiological functions without the risk associated with higher levels.

Question 9

Which type of fat poses the greatest risk to health?

Accepted Answer

Visceral fat is the type of fat that is stored in the abdominal cavity around important organs like the liver, pancreas, and intestines. This type of fat has been linked to a higher risk of various health problems such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Therefore, it poses the greatest risk to health compared to other types of fat.

Question 10

Which of the following are the three indicators established by obesity experts for evaluating health risks from overweight and obesity?

Accepted Answer

The three indicators established by obesity experts for evaluating health risks from overweight and obesity are disease risk profile, BMI (Body Mass Index), and waist circumference. These factors help in assessing the risk of developing obesity-related health conditions.

Question 11

Obesity is officially defined as a BMI of equal to or greater than which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Obesity is officially defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater. A BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight, while a BMI of 40 or greater is considered morbidly obese. Therefore, the correct option is B.

Question 12

Given that EER for women = [354 - (6.91  x  age)] + PA  x ´ [(9.36  x ´ wt) + (726  x  ht)], estimate the energy requirements for Anne, an active 27 year old (PA = 1.27) who is 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 130 pounds.

Accepted Answer

First, convert height and weight to metric units: 5 feet 4 inches = 64 inches = 162.56 cm (1 inch = 2.54 cm), 130 pounds = 59.09 kg (1 pound = 0.453592 kg). Then, calculate EER using the given formula: EER = [354 - (6.91 x 27)] + 1.27 x [(9.36 x 59.09) + (726 x 1.6256)] = [354 - 186.57] + 1.27 x [553.0824 + 1181.336] = 167.43 + 1.27 x 1734.4184 ≈ 167.43 + 2202.711 ≈ 2370.14. Therefore, the estimated energy requirement for Anne is around 2300-2400 calories per day.

Question 13

Which of the following describes anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight.

Question 14

A lack of body fat can result in:

Accepted Answer

A lack of body fat can result in infertility in women because it can disrupt the production of hormones necessary for reproduction.

Question 15

Which person is at the greatest health risk?

Accepted Answer

A waist circumference of 40 inches indicates abdominal obesity, which is a major risk factor for many health conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. The other individuals may have higher BMI values, but BMI alone does not provide information about body composition or distribution of fat, which can significantly impact health risks. The 50-year-old male who works out every day may have a higher BMI but overall, his health risk is likely lower than the woman with abdominal obesity.

Question 16

A weakness in using BMI to assess body weight is that it only distinguishes between:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A weakness in using BMI to assess...

Question 17

When calculating a person's EER, which of the following is required?

Accepted Answer

EER (Estimated Energy Requirements) calculation requires height, weight in kg, and physical activity factor. These factors are used to determine an individual's total energy expenditure (TEE), which is then used to calculate their EER. Percent body fat and daily fiber intake are not used in EER calculations. Gender may be taken into account in some cases, but it is not a required factor.

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to occur among young competitive athletes with disordered eating?

Accepted Answer

Young competitive athletes with disordered eating are at high risk for stress fractures due to decreased bone density and an insufficient intake of nutrients necessary for bone health. The other options are less likely to occur in this population.

Question 19

Sara is a 22-year-old college student with a BMI of 17.5. She is very anxious and stress triggers binge eating episodes followed by self-induced vomiting. From which of the following disorders does Sara most likely suffer?

Accepted Answer

Sara's low BMI suggests that she is not restricting her food intake, which is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa. Instead, she is experiencing binge eating episodes followed by self-induced vomiting, which are symptoms of bulimia nervosa. Clinical depression and binge eating disorder may also involve overeating, but they do not involve the compensatory behavior of self-induced vomiting. RED-S is a condition that primarily affects athletes, and there is no indication in the scenario that Sara is an athlete.

Question 20

You are discussing the health risks of obesity with a middle school class. Which of the following would you be LEAST likely to mention?

Accepted Answer

While obesity may increase the risk for many health issues, tuberculosis is not typically associated with obesity.

Quiz 6: Energy Balance and Body Composition