Question 1

Describe the conceptual peg hypothesis.As examples,use the experimental results from the presentation of concrete vs.abstract noun pairs.Explain the paired-associate learning task,and provide examples of stimuli that had high recall in the task.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

The pegword technique is particularly suitable for use when you need to remember items based on their
A)order.
B)importance.
C)concreteness.
D)bizarreness.

Accepted Answer

The pegword technique involves memorizing a sequence of rhyming words, such as "one-bun, two-shoe, three-tree," and using them to associate with the items you need to remember. This technique works particularly well for remembering items in a specific order, such as a list of steps, because the pegwords provide a concrete sequence to which the items can be attached.

Question 3

The technique in which things to be remembered are placed at different locations in a mental image of a spatial layout is known as
A)the pegword technique.
B)method of loci.
C)paired-associate learning.
D)a propositional representation.

Accepted Answer

The technique described is the method of loci, which involves associating items to be remembered with specific locations in a spatial layout (such as a familiar room or street). The other options are not relevant to this technique.

Question 4

Describe the spatial and propositional explanations of the mechanisms responsible for imagery.Also,explain how the propositional explanation would account for the results of Kosslyn's island mental-scanning experiment.

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Question 5

Describe the evidence showing that food cravings can be caused by visual imagery,as well as the evidence that nonfood imagery can decrease such cravings.

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Question 6

Explain the mental walk task.Describe the concept of "overflow" as it applies to the imaging of large and small objects.What do the results of mental walk experiments tell us about properties of the image field? Which side of the "imagery debate" do these findings support?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

The lesson to be learned from the imagery techniques for memory enhancement (for example,the pegword technique)is that these techniques work because
A)distinctive images tend to provide easy "magical" improvements in memory.
B)they tap into reliable ways to develop "photographic" memory.
C)their flexible,undefined structures allow rememberers to spontaneously organize information in any way they want.
D)they showcase the fact that memory improvement requires a great deal of practice and perseverance.

Accepted Answer

These techniques require practice and perseverance to effectively enhance memory, as they involve creating and using mental images to organize and recall information.

Question 8

Describe in detail two techniques that use imagery to improve memory.Explain the underlying principles that define why imagery works successfully as a memory enhancer.

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Question 9

In drawing conclusions about the relationship between imagery and perception,a notable difference between them is that
A)perception and imagery processes do not share the same brain mechanisms.
B)it is harder to manipulate mental images than perceptual images.
C)imagery is more stable than perception.
D)imagery occurs more automatically than perception.

Accepted Answer

It is easier to manipulate perceptual images (what we see with our eyes) than mental images (what we imagine in our minds). This is because we have more control over real-world objects than mental representations. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it highlights a notable difference between imagery and perception. The other options are either inaccurate or not relevant to the comparison between imagery and perception.

Question 10

Discuss mental rotation experimental results and mental-scanning experimental results that support the idea that the spatial experience for both imagery and perception match the layout of the actual stimulus.

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Question 11

In explaining the paradox that imagery and perception exhibit a double dissociation,Behrmann and coworkers suggested that perception necessarily involvesprocessing and imagery starts as aprocess.
A)bottom-up;bottom-up
B)top-down;top-down
C)bottom-up;top-down
D)top-down;bottom-up

Accepted Answer

Perception typically involves bottom-up processing, where sensory input is processed to form a perceptual experience. Imagery, however, often starts with top-down processing, where existing knowledge and memory are used to generate mental images.

Question 12

As described in your text,the pegword technique relies on all of the following EXCEPT
A)associations.
B)propositions.
C)rhymes.
D)visualizations.

Accepted Answer

The pegword technique relies on associations between a list of items to be memorized and a pre-memorized list of words (pegwords) that are already firmly imprinted in long-term memory. These pegwords are typically chosen because they are easily visualized and have inherent qualities that can be associated with the items to be memorized, such as shape, color, or sound. The technique also often involves rhyming the pegwords with the items being memorized, as well as visualizing the pegwords and items interacting in vivid and memorable ways. However, it does not rely on propositions, which are statements or assertions that express a relationship between concepts or ideas.

Question 13

Wilma is a famous chef.Since she does not like to share her secret family recipes,she does not write down her special creations,which makes it difficult to remember their ingredients.To aid her memory,she has created a unique "mental walk" that she takes to recall each recipe.For each one,she has a familiar "route" she can imagine walking through (e.g. ,from the end of her driveway to her living room)where she places each item in the recipe somewhere along the way (e.g. ,Tabasco sauce splattered on the front door).By doing so,Wilma is usingto organize her memories.
A)mental synthesis
B)paired-associate learning
C)the pegword technique
D)method of loci

Accepted Answer

Wilma is using the method of loci, also known as the memory palace technique. This involves imagining a familiar location and mentally placing items or information along a specific path or route within that location in order to aid in recall later.

Question 14

Much has been learned about imagery using physiological techniques.Explain how each of these techniques (brain imaging,removal of part of the brain,and single-neuron recordings)has demonstrated parallels between imagery and perception.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 10: Visual Imagery

Describe the conceptual peg hypothesis.As examples,use the experimental results from the presentation of concrete vs.abstract noun pairs.Explain the paired-associate learning task,and provide examples of stimuli that had high recall in the task.

The pegword technique is particularly suitable for use when you need to remember items based on their

The technique in which things to be remembered are placed at different locations in a mental image of a spatial layout is known as

Describe the spatial and propositional explanations of the mechanisms responsible for imagery.Also,explain how the propositional explanation would account for the results of Kosslyn's island mental-scanning experiment.

Describe the evidence showing that food cravings can be caused by visual imagery,as well as the evidence that nonfood imagery can decrease such cravings.

Explain the mental walk task.Describe the concept of "overflow" as it applies to the imaging of large and small objects.What do the results of mental walk experiments tell us about properties of the image field? Which side of the "imagery debate" do these findings support?

The lesson to be learned from the imagery techniques for memory enhancement (for example,the pegword technique) is that these techniques work because

Describe in detail two techniques that use imagery to improve memory.Explain the underlying principles that define why imagery works successfully as a memory enhancer.

In drawing conclusions about the relationship between imagery and perception,a notable difference between them is that

Discuss mental rotation experimental results and mental-scanning experimental results that support the idea that the spatial experience for both imagery and perception match the layout of the actual stimulus.

In explaining the paradox that imagery and perception exhibit a double dissociation,Behrmann and coworkers suggested that perception necessarily involvesprocessing and imagery starts as aprocess.

As described in your text,the pegword technique relies on all of the following EXCEPT

Much has been learned about imagery using physiological techniques.Explain how each of these techniques (brain imaging,removal of part of the brain,and single-neuron recordings)has demonstrated parallels between imagery and perception.