Question 1

Donders' measurement of reaction time is particularly important because it demonstrated the "time course" on which the mind operates.Donders found that it tookto decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus.
A)less than one second
B)between one and two seconds
C)two to five seconds
D)more than five seconds

Accepted Answer

Donders found that it took less than one second to decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus.

Question 2

The procedure in which trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli presented under controlled conditions is known as
A)information processing.
B)analytic introspection.
C)functional analysis.
D)behavioral analysis.

Accepted Answer

The procedure described is known as analytic introspection, which involves trained participants describing their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli presented under controlled conditions. Information processing refers to the mental operations that take place when we perceive, remember, and think about information. Functional analysis is a method used in behavior therapy to identify the antecedents and consequences of problem behaviors. Behavioral analysis is a broader term that encompasses various methods used to study behavior in different contexts. None of these are specifically related to the procedure described in the question.

Question 3

By comparing reaction times across different tasks,Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task.Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to
A)perceive the stimulus.
B)process the stimulus.
C)attend to the stimulus.
D)make a decision about the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Donders' experiment specifically involved comparing reaction times in a simple task (where participants had to simply respond to a stimulus) versus a choice task (where participants had to respond differently depending on the type of stimulus presented). The difference in reaction time between these two tasks was interpreted as representing the time taken to make a decision about the stimulus. Therefore, the correct answer is D, make a decision about the stimulus.

Question 4

The first formal laboratory of psychology,where the approach of structuralism was created,was founded in which
City?
A)Madrid,Spain
B)Baltimore,Maryland,USA
C)Paris,France
D)Leipzig,Germany

Accepted Answer

The first formal laboratory of psychology, where the approach of structuralism was created, was founded in Leipzig, Germany by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879.

Question 5

The example at the beginning of the book,in which Raphael talks to his friend on a cell phone on his way to class,was used to illustrate how
A)cognitive psychologists study problem solving in adults.
B)several different cognitive processes can take place at one time.
C)human cognition is affected by emotional events.
D)both physiology and behavior is important to the study of cognition.

Accepted Answer

The example of Raphael talking on a cell phone while heading to class illustrates how several different cognitive processes can take place simultaneously. This includes perception of the environment, attention to the conversation, and problem-solving to navigate the campus.

Question 6

In Donders' experiment on decision making,when participants were asked to press a button upon presentation of a light,they were engaged in a
A)reaction time task.
B)simple reaction time task.
C)choice reaction time task.
D)presentation task.

Accepted Answer

In Donders' experiment, a simple reaction time task involves responding to a single stimulus with a single response, such as pressing a button when a light appears.

Question 7

According to Ebbinghaus's savings curve,savings is a function of
A)word familiarity.
B)sensory modality.
C)elapsed time.
D)reaction time.

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus's savings curve demonstrates that memory savings, or the rate of relearning, decreases as time passes since the initial learning experience. Therefore, savings is a function of elapsed time. Word familiarity, sensory modality, and reaction time are not specifically related to the savings curve.

Question 8

The first experiments in cognitive psychology were based on the idea that mental responses can be
A)measured directly.
B)inferred from the participant's behavior.
C)measured by comparing the presentation of the stimulus and the participant's response.
D)measured by comparing responses among different participants.

Accepted Answer

The first experiments in cognitive psychology were based on the idea that mental responses cannot be directly measured, but can only be inferred from the participant's behavior. Researchers observed and recorded participants' behaviors as they completed tasks, and inferred their mental processes based on those behaviors.

Question 9

The main point of the Donders' reaction time experiments was to
A)show that reaction times can be measured accurately.
B)measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision.
C)determine differences in the way people react to stimuli.
D)show that our cognitions are often based on unconscious inferences.

Accepted Answer

The main point of Donders' reaction time experiments was to measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision. This was done by comparing the reaction time for simple tasks (where there is only one possible response) with the reaction time for more complex tasks (where there are multiple possible responses and a decision needs to be made). By subtracting the simple reaction time from the complex reaction time, Donders was able to estimate the time it took for the decision-making process.

Question 10

The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind is called
A)cognitive psychology.
B)introspection.
C)behaviorism.
D)memory consolidation.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology is concerned with the scientific study of mental processes such as perception, thinking, and memory. It focuses on how cognition works and how it influences behavior. Introspection, on the other hand, is a subjective method of self-observation that was used in early psychology but is not widely practiced today. Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior, and memory consolidation deals with the biological and cognitive processes involved in the formation and storage of memories.

Question 11

The relationship between theis NOT measured directly by cognitive psychologists.
A)physiological response and the behavioral outcome
B)cognitive task and the behavioral outcome
C)cognitive task and the physiological response
D)cognitive task and the mental response

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychologists directly measure the relationship between cognitive tasks and behavioral outcomes, cognitive tasks and physiological responses, and physiological responses and behavioral outcomes. However, the relationship between a cognitive task and a mental response is more abstract and not directly measured; it involves understanding internal mental processes rather than observable measures.

Question 12

Reaction time refers to the time between theof a stimulus and a person's response to it.
A)sensation
B)transduction
C)change in intensity
D)presentation

Accepted Answer

Reaction time is the time between the presentation of a stimulus and a person's response to it. Therefore, the correct answer is D, presentation.

Question 13

Donders' main reason for doing his choice reaction time experiment was to study
A)sensation.
B)childhood attachment styles.
C)decision making.
D)personality development.

Accepted Answer

Donders' main reason for doing his choice reaction time experiment was to study decision making. The experiment aimed to investigate the time it takes a person to make a decision between multiple options, indicating cognitive processing in decision making. The other options (A, B, and D) are not related to Donders' experiment.

Question 14

Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they
A)described complex decision-making.
B)plotted functions that described the operation of the mind.
C)were the first to combine basic elements of experience called sensations.
D)showed how positive reinforcers strengthen behavior.

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus's experiments were important because he plotted functions that described the operation of the mind, specifically how memory works. He developed a mathematical formula to describe the rate at which we forget information over time, known as the forgetting curve.

Question 15

Donders' reaction time experiment was performed using stimuli in which of the following sensory modalities?
A)Touch
B)Hearing
C)Smell
D)Vision

Accepted Answer

Donders' reaction time experiment was performed using visual stimuli, specifically flashing light bulbs, to measure the amount of time it takes a person to process and respond to a stimulus.

Question 16

The founder of the first laboratory of scientific psychology was
A)Franciscus Donders.
B)Hermann von Helmholtz.
C)Wilhelm Wundt.
D)Hermann Ebbinghaus.

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory of scientific psychology in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.

Question 17

Which of the following stimuli were used in Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiment discussed in your text?
A)Common words
B)Light illuminated on the left or the right of a computer screen
C)Grey rectangles in front of light rectangles
D)Three-letter nonsense words

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiment used three-letter nonsense words as stimuli.

Question 18

In Donders' experiment on decision making,when participants were asked to press one button if the light on the left was illuminated and another button if the light on the right was illuminated,they were engaged in a
A)reaction time task.
B)simple reaction time task.
C)choice reaction time task.
D)presentation task.

Accepted Answer

In this experiment, participants were given a choice between two light stimuli and had to make a decision about which button to press based on the location of the light. Therefore, they were engaged in a choice reaction time task. A simple reaction time task involves responding to a single stimulus, while a presentation task refers to presenting stimuli without requiring a response. Reaction time task is a general term that can refer to any task that involves measuring the time it takes to respond to a stimulus.

Question 19

Which of the following methods,often associated with structuralism,was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?
A)Analytic introspection
B)Measuring reaction times
C)Operant conditioning
D)Classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

Analytic introspection was the method used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt.

Question 20

Attention,perception,memory,and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages.These are known as different types of
A)models.
B)cognition.
C)reaction times.
D)savings.

Accepted Answer

These mental processes are all part of cognition, which refers to the mental activities and processes related to acquiring, organizing, remembering, and using information.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.

Donders' measurement of reaction time is particularly important because it demonstrated the "time course" on which the mind operates.Donders found that it tookto decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus.

The procedure in which trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli presented under controlled conditions is known as

By comparing reaction times across different tasks,Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task.Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

The first formal laboratory of psychology,where the approach of structuralism was created,was founded in which City?

The example at the beginning of the book,in which Raphael talks to his friend on a cell phone on his way to class,was used to illustrate how

In Donders' experiment on decision making,when participants were asked to press a button upon presentation of a light,they were engaged in a

According to Ebbinghaus's savings curve,savings is a function of

The first experiments in cognitive psychology were based on the idea that mental responses can be

The main point of the Donders' reaction time experiments was to

The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind is called

The relationship between theis NOT measured directly by cognitive psychologists.

Reaction time refers to the time between theof a stimulus and a person's response to it.

Donders' main reason for doing his choice reaction time experiment was to study

Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they

Donders' reaction time experiment was performed using stimuli in which of the following sensory modalities?

The founder of the first laboratory of scientific psychology was

Which of the following stimuli were used in Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiment discussed in your text?

In Donders' experiment on decision making,when participants were asked to press one button if the light on the left was illuminated and another button if the light on the right was illuminated,they were engaged in a

Which of the following methods,often associated with structuralism,was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?

Attention,perception,memory,and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages.These are known as different types of