Question 1

Which of the following are the two primary categories of models in cognitive psychology?
A)Structural models and process models
B)Biological models and psychological models
C)Interpersonal models and intrapersonal models
D)Psychodynamic models and behavioral models

Accepted Answer

Structural models and process models are the two primary categories of models in cognitive psychology. Structural models describe the organization of mental systems, such as how different parts of the brain are connected, while process models describe the specific cognitive processes and operations that these systems perform. Biological models and psychological models may overlap with cognitive psychology but are not specific categories within it. Interpersonal models and intrapersonal models are also not primary categories within cognitive psychology. Psychodynamic models and behavioral models describe different approaches to psychological theory and are not specific categories within cognitive psychology.

Question 2

The use of the term "artificial intelligence" was coined by
A)B.F.Skinner.
B)Colin Cherry.
C)Edward Tolman.
D)John McCarthy.

Accepted Answer

John McCarthy was the researcher who coined the term "artificial intelligence" in 1956.

Question 3

Douglas is working on a project for his cognitive psychology class.He builds a plastic model of the human brain,paints each major structure a different color,and constructs a "map" that shows which functions are controlled by which brain component.Douglas's project is working from a(n)model of cognitive psychology.
A)analytic
B)structural
C)consolidative
D)process

Accepted Answer

Douglas's project is focused on the physical structures of the brain and how they relate to different functions. This aligns with the structural approach in cognitive psychology.

Question 4

Describe operant conditioning.How did B.F.Skinner explain language development in terms of operant conditioning? What were Noam Chomsky's criticisms of Skinner's account?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe operant conditioning.How did B.F.Skinner explain language...

Question 5

What year is usually cited as the "birthday" of cognitive science (pick the closest year)?
A)1879
B)1945
C)1956
D)1967

Accepted Answer

1956 is often cited as the "birthday" of cognitive science due to several key events and publications that year, including the Dartmouth Conference and influential works by researchers like Noam Chomsky and George Miller.

Question 6

An early model of memory indicates that incoming information is first handled by "sensory" memory,is then moved to "short term" memory,and finally is pushed into "long-term" memory.This model,proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968,is an example of a(n)model.
A)process
B)nomothetic
C)structural
D)idiographic

Accepted Answer

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model is a process model because it describes the flow of information through different memory stores.

Question 7

Using behavior to infer mental processes is the basic principle of
A)behaviorism.
B)humanism.
C)cognitive psychology.
D)operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology focuses on understanding mental processes by studying behavior, as it infers how the mind works based on observable actions.

Question 8

The "cognitive revolution"
A)occurred rapidly,within a period of a few years,in response to the attacks on Skinner and the development of computers.
B)extended over a long period of time,beginning in the early part of the century,in reaction to Wundt's introspection experiments.
C)was a gradual process that occurred over a few decades.
D)was not really necessary because the study of the mind has been a constant part of experimental psychology since the founding of the first psychology laboratory.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive revolution was a gradual process that occurred over a few decades, starting in the 1950s and continuing into the 1970s. It was a reaction to behaviorism and focused on the study of mental processes such as perception, attention, language, and memory. It was not a sudden event, but rather a series of influential experiments and developments in psychology, linguistics, and computer science that led to a new way of understanding how the mind works.

Question 9

Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers in cognitive psychology.Their computer program
A)simulated human attention.
B)created proofs for problems in logic.
C)controlled presentation of visual stimuli during cognitive psychology experiments.
D)introduced the first flow diagram.

Accepted Answer

Newell and Simon used computers to create proofs for problems in logic, which was one of the earliest applications of computer technology in cognitive psychology. While they did use computers for other purposes, such as analyzing problem-solving processes, the creation of logic proofs was one of their primary contributions to the field.

Question 10

Explain how Donders' and Ebbinghaus's pioneering methods,though very different from each other,allowed for behavior to determine a property of the mind.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how Donders' and Ebbinghaus's pioneering methods,though...

Question 11

The field that studies how to make machines behave in ways that are intelligent if a human were so behaving is known as
A)cognitive psychology.
B)behaviorism.
C)artificial intelligence.
D)flow diagramming.

Accepted Answer

The field that studies how to make machines behave in ways that are intelligent if a human were so behaving is known as artificial intelligence. Cognitive psychology deals with human mental processes, behaviorism focuses on observable behavior, and flow diagramming is a visual representation of a process or algorithm.

Question 12

Define flow diagram.Describe its importance to the information processing approach.Draw Broadbent's filter model of memory as a flow diagram.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define flow diagram.Describe its importance to the...

Question 13

Describe analytic introspection.Give an experimental example.Also,describe two limitations to this method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe analytic introspection.Give an experimental example.Also,describe two...

Question 14

Which of the following analogies would provide the best description for how research progresses in cognitive
Psychology?
A)A pair of railroad tracks where two things move in a parallel fashion.
B)An octopus where every leg comes from a singular body.
C)A trail from which one thing leads to another.
D)A pyramid,where all questions lead to a singular answer,or "tip."

Accepted Answer

A trail from which one thing leads to another is the best analogy to describe how research progresses in cognitive psychology. Research in cognitive psychology is iterative and sequential, with each study building on the previous one and leading to new questions and hypotheses. This gradual progression is best represented by a trail where each step leads to the next.

Question 15

Distinguish between structural models and process models in cognitive psychology.Provide an example of each type
of model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between structural models and process models...

Question 16

At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Symposium on Information Theory,George Miller presented a paper suggesting that
A)the human ability to process information is unlimited.
B)there are limits to the human ability to process information.
C)intelligent machines can be successfully created.
D)memory consolidation is enhanced by REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

The paper presented by George Miller suggested that there are limits to the human ability to process information, which later became known as Miller's Law. Miller proposed that the human mind can only process seven plus or minus two pieces of information at a time, and anything beyond that requires chunking or breaking the information into smaller, more manageable parts.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.

Which of the following are the two primary categories of models in cognitive psychology?

The use of the term "artificial intelligence" was coined by

Describe operant conditioning.How did B.F.Skinner explain language development in terms of operant conditioning? What were Noam Chomsky's criticisms of Skinner's account?

What year is usually cited as the "birthday" of cognitive science (pick the closest year) ?

An early model of memory indicates that incoming information is first handled by "sensory" memory,is then moved to "short term" memory,and finally is pushed into "long-term" memory.This model,proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968,is an example of a(n) model.

Using behavior to infer mental processes is the basic principle of

The "cognitive revolution"

Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers in cognitive psychology.Their computer program

Explain how Donders' and Ebbinghaus's pioneering methods,though very different from each other,allowed for behavior to determine a property of the mind.

The field that studies how to make machines behave in ways that are intelligent if a human were so behaving is known as

Define flow diagram.Describe its importance to the information processing approach.Draw Broadbent's filter model of memory as a flow diagram.

Describe analytic introspection.Give an experimental example.Also,describe two limitations to this method.

Which of the following analogies would provide the best description for how research progresses in cognitive Psychology?

Distinguish between structural models and process models in cognitive psychology.Provide an example of each type of model.

At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Symposium on Information Theory,George Miller presented a paper suggesting that