Question 1

The unity that prevailed in the United States for months after the September 11th terrorist attacks as people from all "walks of life" cooperated to help the victims and rebuild Ground Zero was a testament to the power of
A)cognitive dissonance.
B)status inequalities.
C)superordinate goals.
D)positive stereotypes.

Accepted Answer

The unity described is a testament to the power of superordinate goals, which are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.

Question 2

A key element in the effectiveness of jigsaw classrooms is
A)high individualized goals.
B)the promotion of self-fulfilling prophecies.
C)mutual interdependence.
D)selecting competent student leaders.

Accepted Answer

Jigsaw classrooms operate on the principle of mutual interdependence, where each student's success is dependent on the group's collective effort and understanding. This method encourages collaboration, empathy, and reduces competition among students, leading to a more inclusive and effective learning environment.

Question 3

The failure of integration in the schools to reduce prejudice is often caused by
A)equal-status contact among students.
B)the creation of superordinate goals.
C)the competitive nature of the schools.
D)the failure of most schools to truly integrate.

Accepted Answer

The competitive nature of schools can exacerbate divisions and reinforce prejudices rather than reduce them.

Question 4

A suitable international superordinate goal might be to
A)preserve the natural environment on a global scale.
B)reduce the trade imbalance between China and the United States.
C)increase the per capita income in Great Britain.
D)provide nuclear weapons technology to all nations.

Accepted Answer

A superordinate goal is one that requires the cooperation of two or more groups and is beyond the capacity of any one group to achieve independently. Preserving the natural environment on a global scale fits this definition because it requires international cooperation and benefits all parties involved, unlike the other options which are more localized or potentially harmful.

Question 5

Superordinate goals have been shown to do all of the following EXCEPT
A)decrease mutual interdependence among groups.
B)help opposing groups to see themselves as members of a single, larger group.
C)produce a "we're all in this together" effect.
D)reduce intergroup conflict.

Accepted Answer

Superordinate goals are shared goals that necessitate cooperative effort among groups, thereby increasing mutual interdependence rather than decreasing it. They help opposing groups to collaborate, fostering a sense of unity and reducing conflict.

Question 6

In a small town were two wealthy families that had always competed and feuded with each other. When a tornado devastated the town, the two families worked together to rebuild the town. They cooperated because of
A)cognitive dissonance.
B)a superordinate goal.
C)status inequalities.
D)the creation of positive stereotypes.

Accepted Answer

A superordinate goal is a goal that is important to both parties and requires their cooperation to achieve, which can help reduce conflict and promote teamwork, as seen in the scenario where the two feuding families worked together to rebuild the town after a tornado.

Question 7

Which of the following is the method of reducing prejudice in which a student receives only a small segment of the information needed to complete a project or prepare for a test and then must share with others in the group?
A)the individuating information technique
B)the empathy-helping relationship
C)the social learning classroom
D)the jigsaw classroom

Accepted Answer

The jigsaw classroom is a cooperative learning technique that reduces racial prejudice and increases positive educational outcomes by assigning students to small groups where each member is given a piece of the overall information needed to complete a task or project. Each student depends on the others to succeed, fostering a sense of cooperation and reducing prejudice.

Question 8

Children in the jigsaw classrooms showed all of the following EXCEPT for
A)a decrease in overall grades.
B)becoming less prejudiced.
C)more positive attitudes toward school.
D)an increase in self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

The jigsaw classroom technique is designed to promote cooperation among students from diverse backgrounds by having them work together in small, mixed groups. This approach has been shown to reduce prejudice, increase positive attitudes toward school, and boost self-esteem among students. It does not lead to a decrease in overall grades; in fact, it can enhance academic performance by fostering a supportive learning environment.

Question 9

In Mrs. Coit's elementary class, the children are learning about Thomas Edison. Mrs. Coit divides the children into groups of five and gives each child a different "piece" of information to learn about Thomas Edison. For example, one child is given information on Thomas Edison's invention of the light bulb; another, facts about his invention of the long-playing phonograph record; and a third, information about Edison's childhood. After the children have learned their parts, they teach them to others in the group. Because each child makes a unique and essential contribution, the children learn to listen to and respect themselves and each other. Mrs. Coit is using the method known as the
A)multiple application method.
B)jigsaw classroom.
C)cooperative technique.
D)diversity curriculum.

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Coit is using the jigsaw classroom method, where each student is given a piece of the overall topic to learn and then teach to their peers, promoting cooperation and respect among students.

Question 10

The creation of superordinate goals has been shown to be effective in reducing
A)intergroup conflict.
B)groupthink.
C)self-fulfilling prophecies.
D)the frustration-aggression link.

Accepted Answer

Superordinate goals are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. These goals have been shown to effectively reduce intergroup conflict by encouraging groups to work together towards a common objective, thus reducing hostility and competition.

Question 11

In order to succeed in Aronson's jigsaw classroom, students must
A)compete.
B)utilize groupthink.
C)cooperate.
D)set individual goals.

Accepted Answer

Aronson's jigsaw classroom is a cooperative learning technique that emphasizes collaboration among students. Each student is given a piece of the overall puzzle to learn and then teach to their group members, necessitating cooperation for the group to succeed.

Question 12

According to Aronson, superordinate goals are effective because they
A)create healthy comparisons among students.
B)utilize groupthink.
C)create mutual interdependence.
D)set high individual goals for success.

Accepted Answer

Superordinate goals are effective because they create mutual interdependence among group members, requiring them to work together to achieve a common objective. This collaboration fosters cooperation and reduces intergroup conflict.

Question 13

Which of the following would be an important factor in helping peacekeepers constructively engage with people from other nationalities?
A)cognitive dissonance
B)status inequalities
C)superordinate goals
D)the creation of positive stereotypes

Accepted Answer

Superordinate goals, which are shared goals that necessitate cooperative effort, can significantly improve relations and foster collaboration among groups from different nationalities, making it an important factor for peacekeepers.

Question 14

Dealing with the current global energy and food crisis, preserving the natural environment on a global scale, and finding ways to deal with the continuing threat posed by terrorism and religious extremism are examples of
A)status inequalities on an international scale.
B)international superordinate goals.
C)global stereotype threats.
D)international group prejudices.

Accepted Answer

These are examples of international superordinate goals, which are overarching objectives that require cooperation among nations and can lead to positive outcomes when achieved collectively.

Question 15

A condition in which two or more persons must depend on one another to meet each person's needs or goals is called
A)deindividuation.
B)mutual interdependence.
C)status inequalities.
D)an empathy-helping relationship.

Accepted Answer

Mutual interdependence is the condition where two or more people depend on each other to fulfill their needs or achieve their goals, making it the correct term for the described scenario.

Question 16

A goal that exceeds or overrides all others, that is, a goal that renders other goals relatively less important is referred to as a(n)__________ goal.
A)individuating
B)equal-status
C)just-world
D)superordinate

Accepted Answer

A superordinate goal is one that is considered more important than any other, making other goals less important in comparison. This term is used to describe a goal that transcends individual or group goals, bringing people together to achieve a common objective.

Question 17

Which of the following pioneered a way to apply superordinate goals to ordinary classrooms in the form of the jigsaw classroom?
A)Elliot Aronson
B)Jane Elliot
C)David Buss
D)Stanley Schachter

Accepted Answer

Elliot Aronson developed the jigsaw classroom technique as a way to reduce racial conflict and increase positive educational outcomes by giving each student a piece of the puzzle (or topic) to learn and then share with their group, fostering a sense of dependence on each other to understand the full picture. This method promotes cooperation and reduces competition among students.

Question 18

Aronson's jigsaw classroom creates
A)friendly competition between the students.
B)superordinate goals for the students.
C)status inequalities among the students.
D)individuating information for the students to assimilate.

Accepted Answer

Aronson's jigsaw classroom technique is designed to foster interdependence among students, creating a situation where they must work together to achieve common, or superordinate, goals. This approach reduces competition and encourages cooperation.

Question 19

Aronson's research in jigsaw classrooms suggests that hostility among European-American and minority children is LEAST likely to occur in situations characterized by
A)independence among groups.
B)mutual interdependence among students.
C)friendly competition among the students.
D)cultural homogeneity within the classroom.

Accepted Answer

Aronson's jigsaw classroom technique emphasizes mutual interdependence among students to reduce hostility and improve relationships. This approach requires students to rely on each other to learn and succeed, fostering cooperation and reducing intergroup hostility.

Question 20

Traditional classroom is to competition as the jigsaw classroom is to
A)remediation.
B)hostility.
C)cooperation.
D)increased prejudice.

Accepted Answer

The jigsaw classroom is a teaching strategy designed to emphasize cooperation among students. In this approach, each student is given a piece of the overall topic to learn and then teach to their group members, fostering a sense of collaboration rather than competition.

Quiz 17: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

The unity that prevailed in the United States for months after the September 11th terrorist attacks as people from all "walks of life" cooperated to help the victims and rebuild Ground Zero was a testament to the power of

A key element in the effectiveness of jigsaw classrooms is

The failure of integration in the schools to reduce prejudice is often caused by

A suitable international superordinate goal might be to

Superordinate goals have been shown to do all of the following EXCEPT

In a small town were two wealthy families that had always competed and feuded with each other. When a tornado devastated the town, the two families worked together to rebuild the town. They cooperated because of

Which of the following is the method of reducing prejudice in which a student receives only a small segment of the information needed to complete a project or prepare for a test and then must share with others in the group?

Children in the jigsaw classrooms showed all of the following EXCEPT for

The creation of superordinate goals has been shown to be effective in reducing

In order to succeed in Aronson's jigsaw classroom, students must

According to Aronson, superordinate goals are effective because they

Which of the following would be an important factor in helping peacekeepers constructively engage with people from other nationalities?

Dealing with the current global energy and food crisis, preserving the natural environment on a global scale, and finding ways to deal with the continuing threat posed by terrorism and religious extremism are examples of

A condition in which two or more persons must depend on one another to meet each person's needs or goals is called

A goal that exceeds or overrides all others, that is, a goal that renders other goals relatively less important is referred to as a(n) __________ goal.

Which of the following pioneered a way to apply superordinate goals to ordinary classrooms in the form of the jigsaw classroom?

Aronson's jigsaw classroom creates

Aronson's research in jigsaw classrooms suggests that hostility among European-American and minority children is LEAST likely to occur in situations characterized by

Traditional classroom is to competition as the jigsaw classroom is to