Question 1

In therapy, Fiona is learning to deal with upsetting situations by defining the problem as precisely as possible, then making a list of possible solutions and ranking each solution's likelihood of success. After choosing a solution, she will assess how successful the solution was and then make adjustments, if necessary. Fiona is learning
A)altruistic cueing.
B)prosocial modeling.
C)self-regulation techniques.
D)nonassertive techniques.

Accepted Answer

Fiona is learning self-regulation techniques, which involve managing one's behavior, emotions, and thoughts in the pursuit of long-term goals. The process she is using—defining problems, listing and evaluating solutions, choosing a solution, and then assessing and adjusting—is a classic example of self-regulation aimed at improving her ability to handle upsetting situations effectively.

Question 2

Which theory of aggression is illustrated by the fact that children who are physically abused at home, those who suffer severe physical punishment, and those who merely witness violence in the community are more likely to be involved in fighting, aggressive play, and antisocial behavior at school?
A)psychoanalytical theory
B)instinctual theory
C)social learning theory
D)humanistic theory.

Accepted Answer

The social learning theory explains aggression by suggesting that individuals learn aggressive behaviors through observing others, especially if those behaviors seem to be rewarded or are modeled by influential figures, such as parents or peers. This theory is illustrated by the observation that children exposed to violence or aggressive behaviors at home or in their community are more likely to exhibit similar behaviors themselves.

Question 3

Damon's therapist is helping him to deal with upsetting situations by defining these situations as problems to be solved. He is also learning to avoid problematic situations or to think differently about them in the first place. Damon is learning
A)self-regulation.
B)prosocial modeling.
C)altruistic cueing.
D)nonassertive techniques.

Accepted Answer

Damon is learning self-regulation, which involves managing one's behavior, emotions, and thoughts in the pursuit of long-term goals. Specifically, he is being taught to view upsetting situations as problems that can be solved or avoided, which is a key aspect of self-regulation.

Question 4

Methods for curbing our levels of aggression include
A)reducing our overall exposure to violence of all types.
B)increasing our exposure to prosocial behaviors.
C)learning to remain calm by defining upsetting situations as problems to be solved.
D)all of these.

Accepted Answer

All of these methods are effective in curbing levels of aggression. Reducing exposure to violence can decrease aggressive tendencies, increasing exposure to prosocial behaviors can encourage positive interactions, and learning to remain calm and view upsetting situations as problems to be solved can help manage and reduce aggressive responses.

Question 5

To increase one's self-control, it helps to do all of the following EXCEPT to
A)learn how to let go of the anger.
B)learn how to avoid problematic situations.
C)think differently about problematic situations.
D)use an emotion-focused coping strategy rather than a problem-focused one.

Accepted Answer

Using an emotion-focused coping strategy rather than a problem-focused one is generally not advised for increasing self-control. Problem-focused strategies aim at addressing the root causes of a problem, which is more effective for improving self-control. Emotion-focused coping might temporarily alleviate distress but doesn't address the underlying issues that require self-control.

Question 6

A mother who is searching for an explanation for the increased aggression in her six-year-old child would be advised by social learning theorists that such aggression is
A)a part of human nature and therefore inevitable.
B)a well-known developmental stage according to psychosocial theory.
C)probably an imitation of a model to which her child has been exposed.
D)part of a general syndrome of pathological behavior that may have a biological cause.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theorists argue that aggression is learned through observing and imitating the behavior of others. Therefore, if a child is exhibiting increased aggression, it is likely they are imitating aggressive behavior they have been exposed to, either in their environment or through media.

Question 7

The social learning theory of aggression explains that
A)watching aggressive models reduces tension and lowers aggressiveness.
B)people learn to be aggressive by watching aggressive models.
C)the innate patterns of behavior are inhibited by watching aggressive models.
D)watching aggressive models leads to frustrated desires, which in turn, leads to aggressive acts.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory, particularly as developed by Albert Bandura, suggests that people can learn to be aggressive by observing others (models) behaving aggressively. This learning occurs through the processes of attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation, indicating that individuals can learn and replicate aggressive behaviors seen in others, especially if those behaviors appear to be rewarded.

Question 8

Regarding aggression, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)While some evidence suggests that widespread exposure to media violence contributes to aggression, there is disagreement as to the power or pervasiveness of the impact.
B)Children who are physically abused at home, those who suffer severe physical punishment, and those who merely witness violence in the community are more likely to be involved in fighting, aggressive play, and antisocial behavior at school.
C)Albert Bandura showed in his studies that children may learn new aggressive actions by watching violent or aggressive behavior, or they may learn that violence is "okay."
D)According to Harvard University psychologist Steven Pinker, if you compare the amount of violence in the modern world with the more distant past, it appears that aggression is dramatically increasing.

Accepted Answer

Steven Pinker's research actually suggests that violence has decreased over long periods of history, not increased.

Question 9

Violent delinquent behavior among adolescents usually develops slowly as they move from minor aggression, such as bullying, in early adolescence to physical fighting and gang fighting to rape and muggings in late adolescence. This escalation is best explained by which theory?
A)instinctual theory
B)frustration-aggression hypothesis
C)social learning theory
D)biological theory

Accepted Answer

The social learning theory explains the escalation of violent delinquent behavior among adolescents as it posits that behaviors are learned through observing and imitating others, as well as through the reinforcement of observed behaviors. This theory suggests that as adolescents are exposed to more aggressive and violent behaviors, they learn and replicate these actions, leading to an escalation in the severity of their own violent behaviors.

Question 10

Responding calmly to upsetting situations by seeing them as "problems to be solved" is the key to
A)altruistic cueing.
B)prosocial modeling.
C)status equality.
D)self-control.

Accepted Answer

Seeing upsetting situations as "problems to be solved" and responding calmly to them is a strategy related to self-control. This approach involves managing one's emotions and reactions in challenging circumstances, which is a key aspect of self-control.

Question 11

Regarding the development of self-control, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Psychologists have succeeded in teaching some people to control their anger and aggressive impulses.
B)Like strengthening a muscle, self-control improves with practice.
C)Responding to an upsetting situation by giving into anger is an often ineffective emotion-focused coping strategy.
D)Part of learning to limit one's anger involves learning to trust your "gut" or intuition regarding the best course of action in a situation.

Accepted Answer

Part of learning to limit one's anger involves strategies such as cognitive restructuring, problem-solving, and relaxation techniques rather than relying on intuition or "gut" feelings, which can be misleading and not necessarily lead to effective anger management.

Question 12

Greg has been very angry with a coworker. To limit his anger, Greg should
A)learn to avoid problematic situations involving this coworker.
B)define these upsetting situations as problems to be solved.
C)learn to just let the anger go rather than holding on to it.
D)do all of these.

Accepted Answer

Each of the options provided offers a constructive approach to managing anger: avoiding problematic situations can prevent anger from arising, defining upsetting situations as problems to be solved can help in finding rational solutions, and learning to let go of anger can reduce its intensity and duration. Therefore, employing all these strategies can be beneficial in managing anger effectively.

Question 13

Which theory predicts that people growing up in nonaggressive cultures will be nonaggressive, while those raised in cultures with aggressive heroes and other aggressive models will develop aggressive responses?
A)ethological theory
B)social learning theory
C)humanistic theory
D)psychoanalytical theory

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, suggests that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. It posits that behaviors, including aggression, are learned through observing and imitating the behaviors of others, especially role models or those in authoritative positions. This theory explains how individuals in different cultures might develop aggressive or nonaggressive behaviors based on the observed behaviors within their cultural context.

Question 14

Social learning theory implies that watching a violent show or boxing match on TV
A)reduces aggressive urges.
B)encourages aggression.
C)releases tensions.
D)allows us to displace our aggression.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, suggests that people can learn new behaviors by observing others. In the context of watching violent shows or boxing matches on TV, this theory implies that such exposure can encourage or model aggressive behavior rather than reducing or releasing aggressive urges.

Question 15

Albert Bandura demonstrated in his studies that
A)children learn new aggressive actions by watching violent or aggressive behavior or learn that violence is "okay."
B)aversive stimuli leads to heightened arousal making it much more likely that aggression will occur.
C)aggression is a biologically-rooted behavior found in all animal species.
D)frustration leads to aggression.

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura's studies, particularly the Bobo doll experiment, demonstrated that children can learn new aggressive behaviors by observing others, supporting the social learning theory.

Question 16

Learning to use the suggested steps to limit one's anger has been shown to do all of the following EXCEPT
A)make a person too conforming and passive.
B)lessen tendencies toward child abuse.
C)lessen tendencies toward family violence.
D)decrease destructive outbursts.

Accepted Answer

Learning to manage anger through suggested steps is aimed at reducing harmful expressions of anger, such as child abuse, family violence, and destructive outbursts, without making a person too conforming and passive.

Question 17

Portrayals of aggression on television would be of particular theoretical concern to the
A)psychoanalytic theorists.
B)frustration-aggression theorists.
C)ethologists.
D)social learning theorists.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theorists are particularly concerned with portrayals of aggression on television because they believe that behavior is learned through observing and imitating others. According to this perspective, seeing aggressive behavior on TV can lead individuals, especially children, to imitate that behavior in real life.

Question 18

Responding to an upsetting situation by giving into anger is considered which type of ineffective coping strategy?
A)reactive
B)problem-focused
C)emotion-focused
D)intuitively-based

Accepted Answer

The answer of Responding to an upsetting situation by giving...

Question 19

Which of the following demonstrated in his studies that children may learn new aggressive actions by watching violent or aggressive behavior, or they may learn that violence is "okay"?
A)Elliot Aronson
B)Albert Bandura
C)David Buss
D)Stanley Schachter

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura is known for his work on social learning theory (later renamed social cognitive theory), which demonstrated that children can learn new behaviors by observing others, particularly in his famous Bobo doll experiment, where children imitated aggressive actions they had seen adults perform.

Question 20

Being exposed to prosocial behaviors has been shown to
A)decrease altruistic behavior due to the effect of social loafing.
B)reduce aggression by increasing helping, cooperation, charity, and brotherhood.
C)promote relaxation and reduce guilt and anxiety in those who are observing or participating.
D)have no effect on one's level of aggression or altruism.

Accepted Answer

Being exposed to prosocial behaviors, such as helping, cooperation, charity, and brotherhood, has been shown to reduce aggression in individuals. This is because observing or participating in such behaviors can inspire individuals to act in a similar manner, fostering a more cooperative and less aggressive environment.

Quiz 17: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Which theory of aggression is illustrated by the fact that children who are physically abused at home, those who suffer severe physical punishment, and those who merely witness violence in the community are more likely to be involved in fighting, aggressive play, and antisocial behavior at school?

Damon's therapist is helping him to deal with upsetting situations by defining these situations as problems to be solved. He is also learning to avoid problematic situations or to think differently about them in the first place. Damon is learning

Methods for curbing our levels of aggression include

To increase one's self-control, it helps to do all of the following EXCEPT to

A mother who is searching for an explanation for the increased aggression in her six-year-old child would be advised by social learning theorists that such aggression is

The social learning theory of aggression explains that

Regarding aggression, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Violent delinquent behavior among adolescents usually develops slowly as they move from minor aggression, such as bullying, in early adolescence to physical fighting and gang fighting to rape and muggings in late adolescence. This escalation is best explained by which theory?

Responding calmly to upsetting situations by seeing them as "problems to be solved" is the key to

Regarding the development of self-control, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Greg has been very angry with a coworker. To limit his anger, Greg should

Which theory predicts that people growing up in nonaggressive cultures will be nonaggressive, while those raised in cultures with aggressive heroes and other aggressive models will develop aggressive responses?

Social learning theory implies that watching a violent show or boxing match on TV

Albert Bandura demonstrated in his studies that

Learning to use the suggested steps to limit one's anger has been shown to do all of the following EXCEPT

Portrayals of aggression on television would be of particular theoretical concern to the

Responding to an upsetting situation by giving into anger is considered which type of ineffective coping strategy?

Which of the following demonstrated in his studies that children may learn new aggressive actions by watching violent or aggressive behavior, or they may learn that violence is "okay"?

Being exposed to prosocial behaviors has been shown to