Question 1

Several theoretical viewpoints, including the theory of cognitive dissonance, suggest that which of the following should reduce prejudice and stereotyping between groups in conflict?
A)increasing just-world interactions
B)decreasing mutual interdependence
C)increasing social competition
D)increasing equal-status contact

Accepted Answer

The theory of cognitive dissonance, along with other social psychological theories, suggests that increasing equal-status contact between groups in conflict can reduce prejudice and stereotyping. This is because such contact can challenge existing stereotypes and promote more positive intergroup attitudes and behaviors.

Question 2

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "red state" includes which characteristic?
A)liberal
B)lives in the American heartland
C)urban
D)nonreligious

Accepted Answer

According to Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "red state" includes living in the American heartland. This reflects the common perception that "red states," which typically vote Republican, are associated with more rural and heartland areas of the United States.

Question 3

In the study comparing the attitudes of European-American women who lived in integrated and segregated housing projects, the European-American women in the integrated housing
A)showed a favorable shift in attitude toward their African-American neighbors.
B)showed a slightly more prejudiced attitude toward their African-American neighbors.
C)became significantly prejudiced and displayed acts of intolerance.
D)showed no change in their attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Living in integrated housing projects can lead to more positive attitudes towards neighbors of different racial backgrounds due to increased interaction and understanding.

Question 4

One of the most direct means of changing an attitude involves educating the general public about the lack of justification for prejudice and making the public aware that the members of various racial and ethnic groups share the same goals, ambitions, feelings, and frustrations as they do. These measures are being used to change which component of an attitude?
A)emotional
B)belief
C)action orientation
D)behavioral

Accepted Answer

Educating the public about the lack of justification for prejudice and highlighting shared goals and feelings among different groups primarily targets the belief component of an attitude. This approach aims to change what people think or believe about members of other racial and ethnic groups.

Question 5

A study at a summer camp with two groups of 11-year-old boys, who called themselves the "Rattlers" and the "Eagles" was conducted by Sherif as an experiment on how
A)leaders emerge within groups.
B)intergroup conflict can be reduced.
C)aggression is learned.
D)empathic-helping behaviors develop.

Accepted Answer

Sherif's study, known as the Robbers Cave Experiment, focused on reducing intergroup conflict by introducing superordinate goals that required cooperation between the previously competitive groups.

Question 6

Integrated housing projects may lead to an improvement in attitudes toward racial groups when they provide
A)carefully designed educational programs.
B)increased visibility for members of racial groups.
C)increased contact without differences in status between groups.
D)clear role models for appropriate behavior.

Accepted Answer

Increased contact without differences in status between groups can lead to improved attitudes toward racial groups by fostering understanding and reducing prejudice through equal-status interactions.

Question 7

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the "red and blue states" have become a national shorthand for dividing Americans into opposing camps with this oversimplification ignoring the fact that
A)the presidential election of 2000 was very close in many of the states.
B)people can be religious and vote as a Democrat.
C)people can be economically conservative, while being liberal on social issues.
D)all of these exist.

Accepted Answer

Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman point out that the "red and blue states" shorthand oversimplifies American political divisions by ignoring the nuances within states and among voters. This includes the fact that the 2000 presidential election was closely contested in many states, that individuals can hold religious beliefs and still vote for the Democratic Party, and that it's possible for someone to have conservative economic views while being liberal on social issues. These points illustrate the complexity and diversity of political opinions within the United States, challenging the binary red vs. blue narrative.

Question 8

In the study comparing the attitudes of European-American women who lived in integrated and segregated housing projects, the European-American women in the segregated housing projects
A)showed mixed results with some displaying a significant increase in prejudice and some exhibiting a decrease.
B)became significantly less prejudiced than before.
C)became slightly less prejudiced than before.
D)showed no change or became more prejudiced than before.

Accepted Answer

The study found that European-American women in segregated housing projects either showed no change in their attitudes or became more prejudiced than before, indicating that segregation may reinforce or fail to challenge existing prejudices.

Question 9

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "blue state" includes which characteristic?
A)Republican
B)middle-class
C)urban
D)religious

Accepted Answer

According to Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "blue state" is that they are urban. This reflects the common perception that urban areas tend to lean more towards Democratic values, which are associated with "blue states" in the United States political color coding system.

Question 10

Many school districts in the United States have begun requiring students to wear uniforms because uniforms help
A)create more individuating information that reduces prejudice.
B)create equal-status competition among the students.
C)minimize status inequalities and in-group\out-group distinctions.
D)minimize the occurrence of superordinate goals within cliques.

Accepted Answer

Uniforms are intended to minimize status inequalities and in-group/out-group distinctions by creating a more uniform appearance among students, which can reduce social barriers and competition based on clothing.

Question 11

Researchers were able to finally reduce intergroup conflict between the "Rattlers" and "Eagles" camp groups by
A)holding meetings between the group leaders.
B)having the two groups eat together.
C)damaging the water supply.
D)creating status inequalities.

Accepted Answer

The reduction of intergroup conflict between the "Rattlers" and "Eagles" was achieved by creating a situation (damaging the water supply) that required both groups to work together towards a common goal, demonstrating the effectiveness of superordinate goals in reducing intergroup hostility.

Question 12

In order to get the "Rattlers" and the "Eagles" to cooperate with each other during summer camp, researchers used which of the following techniques?
A)equal-status competition
B)creation of status-inequalities
C)superordinate goals
D)creation of positive stereotypes

Accepted Answer

The researchers used superordinate goals, which are shared goals that necessitate cooperative effort and cannot be achieved by any one group alone, to encourage cooperation between the "Rattlers" and the "Eagles" during the summer camp. This approach is based on the contact hypothesis, which suggests that under appropriate conditions, cooperative interactions can reduce intergroup hostility.

Question 13

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, using a purple American map rather than a red versus blue one
A)would highlight the fact that Americans of all political persuasions share more similarities than they do differences when compared to citizens of other countries.
B)would be more tolerant and less polarizing.
C)might result in a more productive national discussion about the important issues facing America today.
D)might result in all of these situations.

Accepted Answer

The purple American map, as proposed by Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, is suggested to have multiple positive outcomes: it would emphasize commonalities among Americans, reduce polarization, and foster more productive national discussions, encompassing all the scenarios listed.

Question 14

Regarding the study conducted with 11-year-old boys at a summer camp, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)When the boys arrived at the camp, they were split into two groups and were kept apart initially to build up separate group identities and friendships.
B)When the two groups were placed in competition with each other, a number of clashes occurred with the disliking between groups bordering on hatred.
C)Tensions between the groups were reduced and conflicts resolved through meetings that were held between the leaders of each group.
D)As a strategy to reduce tensions, emergencies that required cooperation among members of both groups were staged at the camp.

Accepted Answer

The false statement is C because tensions between the groups were not reduced through meetings between the leaders but rather through the introduction of superordinate goals that required cooperation between the groups, such as solving problems or facing emergencies that affected everyone.

Question 15

Social interaction that occurs without obvious differences in power and status is referred to as
A)individuating.
B)superordinate contact.
C)equal-status contact.
D)just-world interactions.

Accepted Answer

Equal-status contact refers to social interactions where the individuals involved are perceived as equals in terms of power and status. This concept is important in reducing prejudice and improving intergroup relations.

Question 16

In the study comparing the attitudes of European-American women who lived in integrated and segregated housing projects, the European-American women in
A)the integrated housing actually became more prejudiced, while those in the segregated housing showed a slightly more favorable attitude toward African-Americans.
B)the integrated housing showed a favorable shift in attitudes toward their African-American neighbors, while those in the segregated housing showed no change or became more prejudiced.
C)both the integrated and segregated housing projects showed a less prejudiced attitude.
D)both the integrated and segregated housing projects became more prejudiced.

Accepted Answer

The contact hypothesis suggests that under certain conditions, direct contact between members of different groups can reduce prejudice. In this context, European-American women living in integrated housing projects would have more opportunities for positive interactions with African-American neighbors, potentially leading to a favorable shift in attitudes. Conversely, those in segregated housing would have fewer such interactions, possibly resulting in no change or an increase in prejudice.

Question 17

Ethnic festivals help to introduce the public to different cultures and to slowly reduce stereotypes and prejudice. Educating the public on different cultures illustrates a direct means of changing an attitude by changing which component of an attitude?
A)action component
B)belief component
C)behavioral component
D)emotional component

Accepted Answer

Educating the public on different cultures primarily targets the belief component of an attitude. By providing new information and perspectives, it can change how people think and feel about a different culture, which is directly related to the belief component of their attitude towards that culture.

Question 18

Equal-status contact can best be described as
A)establishing social interactions where everyone is on an equal footing.
B)competition on an equal basis between diverse groups.
C)the development of groups that promote affirmative action.
D)the switching of roles to experience prejudice through another group's perspective.

Accepted Answer

Equal-status contact refers to social interactions where all participants are treated as equals, without any inherent power imbalances or hierarchies. This concept is important in reducing prejudice and improving intergroup relations.

Question 19

Several theoretical viewpoints suggest that more frequent equal-status contact between groups in conflict should reduce prejudice and stereotyping, including the theory of
A)the halo effect.
B)social comparison.
C)cognitive dissonance.
D)bystander intervention.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that when individuals' behaviors are not aligned with their beliefs or attitudes (such as engaging in equal-status contact with a group they have prejudices against), it can lead to discomfort (dissonance). To reduce this discomfort, individuals may change their attitudes or beliefs, potentially reducing prejudice and stereotyping.

Question 20

Equal-status contact between members of different social groups
A)can reduce prejudice and stereotyping.
B)decreases mutual interdependence.
C)increases discrimination.
D)increases intergroup conflict.

Accepted Answer

Equal-status contact between members of different social groups can reduce prejudice and stereotyping by promoting understanding and empathy, according to the contact hypothesis theory.

Quiz 17: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Several theoretical viewpoints, including the theory of cognitive dissonance, suggest that which of the following should reduce prejudice and stereotyping between groups in conflict?

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "red state" includes which characteristic?

In the study comparing the attitudes of European-American women who lived in integrated and segregated housing projects, the European-American women in the integrated housing

A study at a summer camp with two groups of 11-year-old boys, who called themselves the "Rattlers" and the "Eagles" was conducted by Sherif as an experiment on how

Integrated housing projects may lead to an improvement in attitudes toward racial groups when they provide

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the "red and blue states" have become a national shorthand for dividing Americans into opposing camps with this oversimplification ignoring the fact that

In the study comparing the attitudes of European-American women who lived in integrated and segregated housing projects, the European-American women in the segregated housing projects

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "blue state" includes which characteristic?

Many school districts in the United States have begun requiring students to wear uniforms because uniforms help

Researchers were able to finally reduce intergroup conflict between the "Rattlers" and "Eagles" camp groups by

In order to get the "Rattlers" and the "Eagles" to cooperate with each other during summer camp, researchers used which of the following techniques?

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, using a purple American map rather than a red versus blue one

Regarding the study conducted with 11-year-old boys at a summer camp, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Social interaction that occurs without obvious differences in power and status is referred to as

In the study comparing the attitudes of European-American women who lived in integrated and segregated housing projects, the European-American women in

Ethnic festivals help to introduce the public to different cultures and to slowly reduce stereotypes and prejudice. Educating the public on different cultures illustrates a direct means of changing an attitude by changing which component of an attitude?

Equal-status contact can best be described as

Several theoretical viewpoints suggest that more frequent equal-status contact between groups in conflict should reduce prejudice and stereotyping, including the theory of

Equal-status contact between members of different social groups