Quiz 11: The Chemical Elements

Which of the following is not matter? A) Air B) Heat C) Charcoal D) Electrons

Which of the five major divisions of chemistry is generally considered the most fundamental? A) Organic chemistry B) Inorganic chemistry C) Analytical chemistry D) Physical chemistry E) Biochemistry

Which science deals with the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter? A) Thermodynamics B) Geology C) Physics D) Chemistry

Which of the following is not one of the five major divisions of chemistry? A) Nuclear chemistry B) Physical chemistry C) Biochemistry D) Inorganic chemistry

If all samples of a material have identical properties and composition, it is A) a compound. B) an element. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) an element or compound.

Aluminum is an example of A) a compound. B) a solution. C) an element. D) an alloy.

Neptunium is an example of A) A compound B) A solution C) An alloy D) An element

A sample of matter that contains atoms that all have the same number of protons is A) an element. B) a substance. C) a compound. D) a homogeneous mixture.

The most modern definition of element is A) a substance that cannot be further separated by chemical methods. B) the simplest form of matter. C) a substance in which all the atoms have the same number of protons. D) a substance that contains no neutrons.

The identity of an atom is determined by its number of A) valence bonds. B) neutrons. C) electrons. D) protons.

A nonchemical combination of two or more substances in variable proportions is called A) a mixture. B) a compound. C) an ion. D) a molecule.

A chemical combination of two or more substances in variable proportions is called A) a mixture. B) a compound. C) an ion. D) a molecule.

A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a definite, fixed proportion by mass is A) a molecule. B) a compound. C) an ion. D) a mixture.

Mouthwash is a good example of A) a compound. B) a heterogeneous mixture. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) an element.

A cola drink is a good example of A) a compound. B) a heterogeneous mixture. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) an element.

A watermelon is a good example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) a heterogeneous mixture.

A chocolate chip cookie is a good example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) a heterogeneous mixture.

Chloroform can be broken down by chemical means but not by physical methods. Thus chloroform is A) a homogeneous mixture. B) an element. C) a compound. D) a heterogeneous mixture.

The greater amount of substance in a solution is generally called the A) salt. B) solute. C) molar concentrate. D) solvent.

The smaller portion of a solution is generally called the A) salt. B) solute. C) molar concentrate. D) solvent.

Solutions are A) homogeneous mixtures. B) heterogeneous mixtures. C) nonuniform mixtures. D) none of these.

Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. If the resulting solution no longer contains sugar crystals, the solution is said to be A) an unsaturated solution. B) a saturated solution. C) a heterogeneous solution. D) none of these.

Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. If the resulting solution contains sugar crystals that do not dissolve, the solution is said to be A) an unsaturated solution. B) a saturated solution. C) a homogeneous solution. D) none of these.

Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. Continue adding sugar and stirring until the sugar crystals no longer dissolve. Then apply heat to dissolve the remaining crystals. If the resulting solution is allowed to slowly cool, the solution is said to be A) an unsaturated solution. B) a saturated solution. C) a supersaturated solution. D) none of these.

Living next to a lake near volcanic activity can be deadly. There can be large amounts of CO₂ dissolved in the water. An earthquake, landslide, or even rapid cooling can trigger the release of the CO₂, causing death nearby. The water of the lake in these cases is A) an unsaturated solution. B) a saturated solution. C) a supersaturated solution. D) a completely unsaturated solution.

A bubble-producing soda is an example of A) an unsaturated solution. B) a saturated solution. C) a supersaturated solution. D) a completely unsaturated solution.

A metal alloy, such as steel, is A) a compound. B) a heterogeneous mixture. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) an element.

A gold-plated (gold-covered) piece of jewelery, such as a bracelet, is A) a compound. B) a heterogeneous mixture. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) an element.

In 1661, who developed a definition of element that made the concept subject to laboratory investigation? A) Berzelius B) Boyle C) Lavoisier D) Davy

What was the nationality of the first persons who we know speculated about "elements"? A) Chinese B) Egyptian C) Greek D) Roman

How many elements occur naturally on Earth? A) 102 B) 88 C) 112 D) 82

The symbol for Erbium is A) Er. B) Yb. C) Ho. D) Dy. E) Tm.

The symbol for carbon is A) Ca. B) Cr. C) Co. D) C.

The symbol for potassium is A) Pm. B) Po. C) P. D) K.

The symbol for tin is A) Sn. B) Ti. C) Sb. D) In.

The symbol for tungsten is A) W. B) Ti. C) Ag. D) Tb.

The symbol for lead is A) Pb. B) La. C) Li. D) Xe.

The symbol for copper is A) C. B) Co. C) Cr. D) Cu.

The symbol for oxygen is A) Ox. B) On. C) O. D) Xy.

What scientist discovered more elements than any other person? A) Lavoisier B) Boyle C) Berzelius D) Davy

When the atoms of two or more elements react chemically, they usually join together to form A) isotopes. B) new elements. C) molecules. D) isomers.

About 74% by mass of Earth's crust is composed of the two elements A) oxygen and iron. B) aluminum and iron. C) oxygen and silicon. D) silicon and aluminum.

About 99% by mass of Earth's atmosphere is composed of the two elements A) nitrogen and oxygen. B) oxygen and carbon dioxide. C) oxygen and silicon. D) hydrogen and helium.

About 85% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the element(s) A) iron B) nickel C) oxygen. D) silicon. E) iron and nickel.

About 15% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the element(s) A) iron B) nickel C) oxygen. D) silicon. E) iron and nickel.

Nearly 100% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the two elements A) iron and nickel B) aluminum and silicon C) oxygen and aluminum D) silicon and oxygen.

About 75% of the mass of the visible universe is composed of which element? A) Helium B) Iron C) Hydrogen D) Silicon

Only two elements, mercury and ______________, are liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. A) sodium B) bromine C) phosphorus D) iodine

Diamond and graphite are A) similar in physical properties. B) composed of the same element. C) of the same crystalline structure. D) bonded in the same manner.

Diamond, graphite, and buckyballs are A) isotopes. B) allotropes. C) isomeres. D) diatomic.

Pencil "lead" (graphite) is made primarily of A) oil. B) PbO₂. C) carbon. D) Pb.

An example of a diatomic molecule of a compound is A) P₄. B) NO₂. C) N₂. D) CO.

Which of the following, along with O₂, is an allotrope of oxygen? A) O₃ B) O^2- C) O D) O₄

The most abundant element in the universe is A) hydrogen. B) iron. C) oxygen. D) carbon.

Two or more forms of the same element that have different bonding structures in the same physical phase are called A) isobars. B) allotropes. C) isotopes. D) isomers.

"Buckyball" is an allotrope of the element A) carbon. B) oxygen. C) phosphorus. D) none of these.

The second most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere is A) oxygen. B) argon. C) nitrogen. D) carbon dioxide.

The periodic table is most easily understood in terms of the ______________ configurations of the elements. A) periodic B) proton C) neutron D) electron

The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called A) periods. B) groups. C) families. D) series.

The vertical columns of elements in the periodic table are called A) periods. B) groups. C) families. D) series.

The major credit for the development of the periodic table goes to A) Berzelius. B) Lavoisier. C) Boyle. D) Mendeleev.

The chemical properties of chlorine and bromine are similar because both A) are nonmetals and they are close together in the periodic table. B) have seven valence electrons. C) have two electrons in the first shell. D) are in the same period.

The chemical properties of calcium and strontium are similar because both A) are located on the left side the periodic table. B) are in the same group. C) have four electrons in the first shell. D) are in the same period.

An element that is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity would be classified as a A) metalloid. B) semimetal. C) metal. D) nonmetal.

In general, elements that have four to eight electrons in their valence shell are A) semimetals. B) metalloids. C) nonmetals. D) metals.

In 1869, a major event in the history of chemistry occurred; it was the A) discovery of the law of definite proportions. B) discovery of the octet rule. C) discovery of the law of conservation of mass. D) development of the periodic table.

Electrons in the outermost shell are referred to as ______________ electrons. A) valence B) orbital C) f shell D) s shell

In a given period, the element of which group has the highest ionization energy? A) 2A B) 8A C) 7A D) 1A

Which of the following Group 1A elements has the largest atom? A) Rb B) Na C) K D) Li

Which of the following Group 1A elements has the smallest atom? A) Rb B) Na C) K D) Li

Which of the following Period 4 elements has the smallest atom? A) Kr B) Ga C) Ca D) Br

Which of the following Period 4 elements has the largest atom? A) Kr B) Ga C) Ca D) Br

The periodic law states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic A) radii. B) shells. C) numbers. D) masses.

How many valence electrons do the Group 6A elements have? A) 7 B) zero C) 6 D) 1

How many valence electrons does an atom of phosphorus have? A) 15 B) 5 C) zero D) 3

Which of the following Period 3 atoms has the smallest radius? A) Ar B) Al C) S D) Na

Which of the following elements has the lowest ionization energy? A) Ar B) Na C) Ne D) Li

How many shells in an atom of silicon contain electrons? A) 3 B) 2 C) 5 D) 4

Elements in Period 2 of the periodic table have electrons in how many shells? A) 1 B) 3 C) 4 D) 2

In addition to those of Groups 1A and 2A, three common elements that form only one ion each are A) Sc, Ti, and Hg. B) Pb, Sn, and Cu. C) Al, Zn, and Ag. D) Ga, Ni, and Fe.

The ______________ for compounds are written by putting the composing elements' symbols adjacent to each other, with subscripts indicating the number of atoms of each. A) equations B) molecules C) isotopes D) formulas

An atom that has more electrons than protons is a ______________ ion. A) neutral B) positive C) negative D) polyatomic

An atom that has more protons than electrons is a ______________ ion. A) neutral B) positive C) negative D) polyatomic

An atom that has equal amounts of protons and electrons is a ______________ ion. A) neutral B) positive C) negative D) polyatomic

The hydroxide ion has a charge of A) 1-. B) zero. C) 1+. D) 2+.

Which of the following is a positively charged polyatomic ion? A) Potassium ion B) Sulfide ion C) Ammonium ion D) Sulfate ion

Which of the following is a negatively charged polyatomic ion? A) Ammonium ion B) Oxide ion C) Sodium ion D) Nitrate ion

The preferred name for Cl₂O₇ is A) chlorine(II) oxide. B) chlorine oxide. C) dichlorine heptoxide. D) chlorine(VII) oxide.

The preferred name for N₂O (commonly called nitrous oxide) is A) nitrogen(II) oxide. B) nitric acid. C) nitric oxide. D) dinitrogen oxide.

Which of the following polyatomic ions has a single minus charge? A) Acetate B) Sulfate C) Phosphate D) Ammonium

Which of the following polyatomic ions has a doubly negative charge? A) Acetate B) Sulfate C) Phosphate D) Ammonium

What is the preferred name for Mg₃N₂? A) Magnesium trinitride B) Magnesium nitride C) Dimagnesium trinitride D) Manganese nitrate

Which is the formula for baking soda? A) NaHCO₃ B) NaOH C) (NH₄)₂ SO₄ D) HC₂H₃O₂

Which of the following gases is monatomic? A) Nitrogen B) Argon C) Hydrogen D) Chlorine

Atoms of which group of elements have seven electrons in the outer shell? A) Noble gases B) Alkali metals C) Alkaline earth metals D) Halogens

Which group is the nearest neighbor to the noble gases in the periodic table? A) Noble gases B) Alkaline earth metals C) Halogens D) Alkali metals

The most reactive of all elements is A) hydrogen. B) fluorine. C) chlorine. D) sodium.

The element barium should produce compounds most similar to those of A) sodium. B) nitrogen. C) carbon. D) calcium.

A compound of which element is used as a diet supplement to prevent thyroid problems? A) Chlorine B) Calcium C) Carbon D) Iodine

Hydrogen is generally classified as a A) semimetal. B) nonmetal. C) metal. D) noble gas.

Calcium carbonate is the major component of each of the following except A) limestone. B) seashells. C) stalagmites. D) bones.

Which element is used in safety flares and fireworks because it burns so brightly? A) Potassium B) Magnesium C) Carbon D) Chlorine

The Group 7A element astatine (₈₅At) would be predicted to occur in what phase? A) Liquid B) Solid C) Plasma D) Gas

Which of the following is the symbol for an alkali metal? A) Al B) Cl C) K D) Ca

The element potassium should produce compounds most similar to those of A) Tc. B) Na. C) Al. D) Sr.

Homogeneous mixtures are A) heterogeneous mixtures. B) compounds. C) nonuniform mixtures. D) solutions.

An equilibrium between solute dissolving and solute crystallizing is characteristic of which of the following solution types? A) Saturated B) Unsaturated C) Supersaturated D) Concentrated

In a supersaturated solution, A) the solvent has become the solute. B) the normal solubility is exceeded. C) more solute than solvent is present. D) the dissolved and undissolved solute are in equilibrium.

Generally, the solubility of gases in liquids increases with A) decreasing temperature and increasing pressure. B) increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. C) decreasing temperature and decreasing pressure. D) increasing temperature and increasing pressure.

Which of the following is the shell electron configuration for sulfur? A) 2, 4, 10 B) 10, 6 C) 2, 8, 6 D) None of these

An atom of chlorine has how many valence electrons? A) 1 B) 7 C) 4 D) 17

Which of the five major divisions of chemistry deals exclusively with carbon compounds? A) Physical chemistry B) Inorganic chemistry C) Analytical chemistry D) Organic chemistry E) Biochemistry

The lesser amount of a substance in a solution is generally called the A) solute. B) salt. C) solvent. D) alloy.

An example of a diatomic molecule of an element is A) He B) N₂ C) P₄ D) CO

Which of the following is the shell electron configuration for carbon? A) 3, 3 B) 6 C) 2, 4 D) 1, 5

The first shell of an atom can hold a maximum of how many electrons? A) 1 B) 2 C) 6 D) 8

When salt is dissolved in water, the salt is called the ______________.

A solution in which more of the solute could be dissolved at the same temperature is called a(n) ______________ solution.

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than its normal solubility is called a(n) ______________ solution.

The second shell of an atom can hold a maximum of ______________ electrons.

The ______________ of a given solute is the amount of solute that will dissolve in a specified mass of solvent at a given temperature to produce a saturated solution.

Group ______________A elements have two valence electrons.

The shell electron configuration for an argon atom is ______________.

______________ chemistry is the most fundamental of the five major divisions of chemistry.

______________ are substances that cannot be decomposed by chemical processes.

Homogeneous mixtures are those mixtures that have variable but ______________ composition.

All specimens of a pure ______________ have identical properties and composition.

Homogeneous mixtures are also called ______________.

A solid solution of two or more metals is called a(n) ______________.

Matter can be defined as anything that ______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________.

A(n) ______________ is a substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a definite, fixed proportion by mass.

A(n) ______________ is a nonchemical combination of two or more substances in variable proportions.

Humphry Davy was able to discover six elements by using a new invention called the ______________.

The molecular formula of "buckyball" is ______________.

O₃ and O₂ are the two ______________ of the element oxygen.

An electrically neutral particle composed of two or more atoms chemically combined is called a(n) ______________.

Earth's atmosphere is 78% ______________.

Hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine are among the elements that occur as molecules made up of ______________ atoms.

In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of ______________.

The three allotropes of carbon are graphite, the fullerenes, and ______________.

Over 99.9% of dry air at sea level is composed of the gases N₂, O₂, and ______________.

In a given period, the element of Group ______________ has the lowest ionization energy.

Elements that display some properties of both metals and nonmetals are called ______________.

An element that tends to lose its valence electrons during chemical reactions is classified as a(n) ______________.

An element that tends to gain or share electrons during chemical reactions is classified as a(n) ______________.

The major credit for the development of the periodic table goes to a scientist named ______________.

The amount of energy necessary to remove an electron from an atom is called that atom's ______________.

Elements have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their ______________.

The second period of the periodic table is composed of ______________ (how many?) elements.

The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called ______________.

The electrons in the outermost shell are called ______________ electrons.

The vertical columns in the periodic table are called ______________.

For an atom of ₁₂Mg, the number of shells containing electrons is ______________.

The common name for NH₃ is ______________.

An aqueous solution of the colorless gas HCl is called ______________.

The numerals that follow the symbols in chemical formulas are called ______________.

An atom or chemical combination of atoms with a net electric charge is called a(n) ______________.

The compound BeF₂ is named ______________.

The pale-green, gaseous element named ______________ was used as a poisonous gas in World War I.

The element ______________ was the gas used in the Hindenburg.

The elements of Group ______________ are the most chemically active metals.

The element ______________ displays some chemical properties of both Group 1A and Group 7A elements.

The elements that hardly ever react with other elements to form compounds are called the ______________.

The alkali metals have ______________ valence electron(s).

Elements in which the outer shell contains 8 electrons are known as the ______________.

The element ______________ is a purple-black solid that sublimes readily.

The element ______________ is a soft, active metal and forms a compound called lye.

The formula for sulfuric acid is _________________.

H₃PO₄ is the formula for ______________acid.

The major division of chemistry that deals with what substances are present and in what quantities is called ______________chemistry.

The common name for CH₄ is ______________.

Give the chemical symbol for each element.

Give the name for each element.

Give the common ionic charge for each of the following elements, and classify each as a metal or a nonmetal. ​ ​

Use the periodic table to find the atomic number, number of protons, number of electrons, and number of valence electrons for each of the following elements. a. barium b. tin c. phosphorus

Arrange the atoms calcium, barium, chlorine, and bromine in order of increasing atomic radius.

Arrange the atoms magnesium, fluorine, strontium, and sulfur in order of increasing ionization energy.

Give the formula, including the ionic charge, for each of the following polyatomic ions. a. hydroxide b. sulfate c. ammonium d. phosphate

Name the following compounds. a. NO₂ b. N₂O₃ c. Zn(NO₃)₂ d. ICl₅ ​