Question 1

Imagine you are asked to give advice to parents of low-SES children to increase their children's scholastic success.What does the available research evidence suggest that you should encourage them to do to meet this goal?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that parental involvement in school activities is positively correlated with children's academic success, especially for children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. This involvement can include attending parent-teacher meetings, participating in school events, and showing interest in the child's school life, which can enhance the child's motivation and engagement with their education.

Question 2

Maddie is drawn to violent television programs and horror movies.Despite reassurance by her parents, she has become afraid of other people and is convinced that she may come to harm.Based on this description, how would a developmentalist account for Maddie's fear?

Accepted Answer

Maddie's fear is likely due to a mean-world belief, a concept suggesting that exposure to violent media can lead individuals to perceive the world as more dangerous than it actually is. This perception can cause heightened fear and mistrust of others.

Question 3

Which of the following patterns of nominations characterizes a child who is classified as average status?

Accepted Answer

Children classified as average status typically receive a moderate number of positive and negative nominations from their peers, indicating that they are neither highly popular nor highly unpopular. This pattern reflects a balance between being liked and disliked by peers.

Question 4

Filip is watching an unfamiliar group of children play a game.He watches for a while and when he is sure he understands the game, he approaches the group saying, "This looks like a lot of fun, and you are all very good." "Would you mind if I joined in?" Based on Filip's approach, how would he best be classified?

Accepted Answer

Filip's approach indicates social confidence and positive communication skills, traits often associated with popular individuals. He observes the game, compliments the group, and politely asks to join, demonstrating social competence.

Question 5

At approximately what month of age do children begin to display coordinated interactions with their age-mates and to imitate one another's actions and expressions in a play situation?

Accepted Answer

Children typically begin to display coordinated interactions and imitate each other's actions and expressions around 18 months of age.

Question 6

Based on research on the developmental course of preadolescent "chumships," which of the following was found to be the most important contributor to a young adult's sense of self-worth?

Accepted Answer

Earlier friendship status, particularly the quality and stability of friendships during preadolescence, has been found to significantly influence a young adult's sense of self-worth.

Question 7

Zhilan is telling you about a television show that she saw.She can describe most of the things that the characters did, but she is not really sure why the characters acted the way they did.Zhilan's reporting of the television show is similar to the type of description you would expect from a child of what age?

Accepted Answer

Children around the age of 6 often can describe events or actions they've seen but may struggle to understand or explain the motives or reasons behind those actions. This is due to their developmental stage, where they are still developing the ability to understand complex emotional states or the perspectives of others.

Question 8

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately reflect statements in the text regarding infants and children and their daily average of media exposure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements does NOT...

Question 9

At what point in development do children's friendships begin to be based on psychological compatibility?

Accepted Answer

Friendships start to be based on psychological compatibility in late childhood, as children's interests and the importance of mutual understanding and shared activities become more significant in forming friendships.

Question 10

According to most developmentalists, what is the effect of interactions between children of different ages?

Accepted Answer

Interactions between children of different ages can be beneficial as they often lead to the development of prosocial and leadership skills in older children, while younger children learn when to seek assistance. This dynamic fosters a learning environment where children can teach and learn from each other, enhancing their social and cognitive development.

Question 11

Oliver is a student who comes from a middle-class background, and he has typically done well in school up to this point.According to Good and Brophy, what type of teacher would be most likely to produce continued scholastic success for Oliver?

Accepted Answer

Teachers who maintain a quick pace and insist on high standards of performance are often most effective for students who have historically performed well, as they provide the necessary challenge and structure to foster continued academic success.

Question 12

According to sociometric methods, what characterizes children who are categorized as popular?

Accepted Answer

Popular children, according to sociometric methods, are characterized by being liked by their peers and often by their teachers as well. This popularity is typically due to their social skills, friendliness, or other positive traits that make them well-regarded among their peer group.

Question 13

Which of the following do the textbook authors argue is in part responsible for ethnic differences in school achievement?

Accepted Answer

Teacher expectancy effects can lead to lower expectations for students from certain ethnic groups, which can in turn lead to lower achievement.

Question 14

The gender segregation of children's play groups becomes more pronounced as the children grow older.What characterizes the types of groups that boys and girls form?

Accepted Answer

Boys are more likely to form larger, more loosely organized groups (often referred to as "packs") that are centered around activities or games, while girls are more likely to form smaller, more intimate pairs or small groups focused on close, personal relationships.

Question 15

What is the name for the practice of integrating children with special needs into regular classrooms?

Accepted Answer

Inclusion is the educational practice of integrating children with special needs into regular classrooms instead of placing them in separate special education classes. This approach aims to provide all students, regardless of their abilities, the opportunity to learn together in a supportive environment.

Question 16

The French philosopher Voltaire wrote that "To live well, you must live unseen." Which sociometric category of peer status does Voltaire's statement most accurately describe?

Accepted Answer

Voltaire's statement aligns with the "neglected" sociometric category, as it suggests a preference for living without drawing attention to oneself, which is characteristic of individuals who are often overlooked or unnoticed by their peers.

Question 17

Which of the following research designs would you recommend to an elementary school teacher who wanted to assess the relationship between her students' sociometric popularity and their career success at age 25?

Accepted Answer

A prospective research design is recommended because it involves following a group of individuals over time to assess the outcomes of interest (in this case, career success at age 25) in relation to their earlier characteristics or conditions (sociometric popularity in elementary school).

Question 18

Coaching children on issues of friendship and bullying resembles which cognitive principle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coaching children on issues of friendship and...

Question 19

How did 15-year-old students in Canada perform out of 72 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries?

Accepted Answer

Canadian students' scores have shown improvement over time, indicating a positive trend in their academic performance.

Question 20

Tobias comes from an economically disadvantaged background, and he has typically performed poorly in school.His parents are sensitive to his needs and wonder if a change in teaching style would be beneficial.According to Good and Brophy, what type of teacher should they look for to increase Tobias's success?

Accepted Answer

According to Good and Brophy, a teacher who is warm and encouraging is most likely to increase the success of students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds. This approach helps in building a supportive and positive learning environment, which can be particularly beneficial for students who may not have experienced much academic success in the past.

Quiz 17: Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies