Quiz 17: Terrorism,multinational Criminal Justice,and Global Issues

A(n)________ criminologist is involved in the cross-national study of crime. A)ethnocentric B)classical C)biosocial D)comparative

________ people tend to believe that their social or ethnic group and culture are superior to others. A)Globalized B)Transnational C)Ethnocentric D)Infrastructured

Which of the following is not a reason why it is difficult to compare the crime rates of different nations? A)Diverse crime-reporting practices B)Political influences on the reporting of crime statistics to other agencies C)Differences in definitions of a given crime D)Differing population sizes in various countries

What is the biggest problem researchers encounter when comparing the crime rates of different nations? A)Differences in the definition of specific crimes B)Differences in practices of crime reporting C)Political influences on the reporting of crime statistics to international agencies D)Biases in the interpretation of crime statistics

Under Islamic law,fatwahs are A)crimes that are considered to be offenses against God. B)commands from God that must be obeyed. C)the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. D)commands from a religious leader that must be obeyed.

Under Islamic law,________ crimes are considered offenses against God. A)tazir B)hudud C)Koranic D)Arabic

Which of the following is not a hudud crime? A)Adultery B)Murder C)Drinking alcohol D)Theft

Which of the following statements about tazir crimes is true? A)Tazir crimes are offenses against God. B)Tazir crimes include actions that may be considered acceptable in a spiritual society. C)Representatives of the victim may administer the punishment for a tazir crime. D)Punishments for tazir crimes do not involve physical punishments.

Islamic justice is based mainly on A)the moral conceptions of individual judges. B)a rational and predictable legal code. C)the personal moral code of the crime victim. D)the offender's social status.

What is the International Bill of Human Rights? A)A UN code that calls for fair treatment of prisoners B)A UN resolution supporting the rights and dignity of anyone coming into contact with a criminal justice system C)A UN code encouraging law enforcement officers to be aware of individual rights when performing their duties D)An international agreement facilitating the international sharing of information and research findings

What is Interpol's main purpose? A)To serve as a global judicial institution with international jurisdiction complementing national legal systems around the world B)To collect and disseminate intelligence among the member nations of the European Union C)To act as a clearinghouse for information on offenses and suspects believed to operate across national boundaries D)To increase globalization of criminal justice

Although the initiative to develop the International Criminal Court began in the 1940s,it was delayed by A)the Nuremberg trials. B)the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. C)World War II. D)the Cold War.

Prior to the creation of the International Criminal Court,the courts in Belgium were available to the rest of the world for the prosecution of A)alleged violations of civil rights. B)alleged crimes against humanity. C)allegations of international drug trafficking. D)allegations of violent crimes that crossed national boundaries.

________ involves the internationalization of trade,services,investment,information,and other forms of human social activity. A)Transnationalism B)Ethnocentrism C)Extradition D)Globalization

Which of the following has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of the early 21st century? A)Domestic terrorism B)Transnational crime C)Serious violent crime D)The development of new designer drugs

Which of the following is not a condition that must be met for an offense to be considered transnational in nature? A)The crime is committed in one country but the offenders are citizen nationals of another country. B)The crime is committed in one country but has substantial effects on another country. C)The crime is committed in one country but a substantial part of the preparation or planning takes place in another country. D)The crime is committed in one country but involved an organized criminal group that commits crimes in more than one country.

According to the National Institute of Justice,transnational crime groups profit more from globalization than legitimate businesses because A)legitimate businesses do not take advantage of their global opportunities. B)legitimate businesses are subject to the laws and regulations of domestic and host countries. C)transnational groups are not subject to extradition. D)legitimate businesses cannot influence governmental policy.

Illegal immigration in which an agent is paid to help a person cross a border clandestinely is known as A)trafficking in persons. B)sex trafficking. C)human smuggling. D)domestic terrorism.

What is the key difference between human smuggling and trafficking in persons? A)Human smuggling generally occurs with the consent of the person being smuggled while trafficking in persons does not. B)Human smuggling involves active coercion while trafficking in persons does not. C)Trafficking in persons threatens the lives of the illegal immigrants while human smuggling does not. D)There is no difference between the two.

Trafficking in persons is often undertaken A)to help people escape repressive government regimes. B)for purposes of sexual or labor exploitation. C)to reunite families. D)These are all purposes of trafficking.

Which of the following is an element of human smuggling? A)The person being smuggled is usually coerced. B)The person being smuggled is exploited or forced to perform some type of labor. C)The person being smuggled is generally cooperating. D)The person being smuggled does not have to cross a border.

Which of the following is a characteristic of trafficking? A)Trafficking always involves crossing an international border. B)Trafficking involves the cooperation of the person being transported. C)Trafficking involves forced labor or exploitation. D)Trafficking facilitates the illegal entry of people from one country to another.

The ________ established the Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center within the U.S.State Department. A)Homeland Security Act B)Trafficking Victims Protection Act C)Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act D)Immigration and Nationality Act

What feature of terrorism distinguishes it from other violent criminal acts? A)The location of the act B)The type of behavior involved C)The motivation of the offender D)All of the above

Which of the following is not one of the four primary elements that make up the definition of terrorism? A)Terrorism is politically motivated. B)Terrorism is violent. C)Terrorism is committed against noncombatant targets. D)Terrorism is impulsive and impromptu.

According to Gwynn Nettler,terrorists may kill one person and frighten ten thousand.This is an example of which characteristic of terrorism? A)Lack of rules B)Economy C)Lack of clarity D)Meaning

The unlawful use of force or violence by an individual or a group that is based and operates entirely within the United States and its territories,acts without foreign direction,and directs its activities against elements of the U.S.government or population is known as A)international terrorism. B)national terrorism. C)domestic terrorism. D)foreign terrorism.

________ terrorism refers only to acts of terrorism that occur outside the United States. A)Domestic B)International C)Anarchist D)Foreign

Which of the following is an example of domestic terrorism? A)The Oklahoma City bombing B)The events of September 11,2001 C)The 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center in New York D)Most narcoterrorist activities

The first time that Americans were undeniably the target of international terrorism occurred in A)1988,with the bombing of Pan-Am flight 103 over Lockerbie,Scotland. B)1993,with the bombing of the World Trade Center. C)1996,with the truck bomb attack on U.S.military barracks in Dhahran,Saudi Arabia. D)2001,with the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

The U.S.Department of State consider ________ to be the most active state sponsor of terrorism. A)Iraq B)Iran C)North Korea D)Cuba

The vulnerability of America's infrastructure creates serious concerns about possible acts of A)narcoterrorism. B)cyberterrorism. C)global terrorism. D)ethnocentric terrorism.

The link between drug traffickers and terrorists has been termed A)narcoterrorism. B)domestic terrorism. C)international terrorism. D)globalization.

Free and open international borders contribute to which level of the building process for international terrorism? A)Leadership B)Organization C)Underlying conditions D)International environment

According to the Bipartisan Policy Center's National Security Preparedness Group report,the biggest threat to American national security may now come from A)small groups of homegrown terrorists. B)the Mexican drug trade. C)illegal immigrants from Canada. D)large groups of terrorists from Saudi Arabia.

Which of the following federal agencies is not part of the Department of Homeland Security? A)U.S.Customs and Border Protection B)The Federal Emergency Management Agency C)The Federal Bureau of Investigation D)The U.S.Secret Service

The 2011 National Strategy for Counterterrorism maintained a focus on A)preventing domestic terrorism. B)deterring Islamic-inspired terrorism. C)expanding the USA PATRIOT Act. D)expanding the Department of Homeland Security.

Which of the following is not a criteria that must be met before an organization may be designated as a foreign terrorist organization? A)The organization's activities must threaten the security of the U.S. B)The organization must be foreign. C)The organization must engage in terrorist activity. D)The organization must engage in transnational criminal activity.

Which of the following is not a consequence of designation as a foreign terrorist organization? A)It is illegal for a person in the U.S.or subject to U.S.jurisdiction to provide funds or material support to a foreign terrorist organization. B)Members of designated foreign terrorist organizations may be deported by the U.S.Department of State without review. C)Representatives and some members of designated foreign terrorist organizations may be denied visas or kept from entering the U.S.if they are aliens. D)U.S.financial institutions are required to block funds of designated foreign terrorist organizations and their agents and report the blockage to the U.S.Department of the Treasury.

Ethnocentrism does not interfere with the work of comparative criminologists.

Comparative criminologists have found that most countries have similar definitions of common crimes such as robbery or auto theft.

Under Islamic law,tazir crimes are crimes against God.

Today,under modern Islamic law,men and women are treated similarly.

The International Bill of Human Rights is a UN resolution supporting the rights and dignity of anyone coming into contact with a criminal justice system.

Interpol has no field agents and has no powers of arrest in member countries.

The International Criminal Court is a global institution that is used for trying countries engaged in serious crimes such as state-sponsored terrorism.

People who want to retrain traditional ways of thinking and acting may oppose globalization.

Transnational crime is becoming a less serious issue in the 21st century.

George,who is a Chinese citizen,commits a crime in the United States.This is an example of a transnational crime.

The surrender by one country to another of an individual accused or convicted of an offense in the second country is known as transnational justice.

Trafficking in persons (TIP)is the exploitation of unwilling or unwitting people through force,coercion,threat,or deception.

Human smuggling is a form of illegal immigration.

The majority of people who are assisted in illegally entering the U.S.each year are trafficked rather than smuggled.

Victims of trafficking can be trafficked within their own countries and communities.

Human smuggling generally involves some form of forced labor or exploitation.

Human smuggling and human trafficking arise from similar underlying conditions.

Persons smuggled into the U.S.are considered to be victims.

Domestic terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence by an individual or a group that is based and operates entirely within the United States and its territories.

Foreign terrorism may involve terrorist acts that take place within the U.S.if the offenders have some connection to a foreign power.

Cyberterrorism can be either domestic or international in origin.

According to the U.S.State Department,Syria is the most active state sponsor of terrorism today.

Narcoterrorism uses the Internet and the World Wide Web to plan and carry out terrorist attacks.

In the building process for international terrorist organizations,poverty,political corruption,and religious conflict are examples of underlying conditions that lead to terrorism.

The Department of Homeland Security oversees the activities of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

The Secret Service is part of the Department of Homeland Security.

An organization based in the United States may still be designated as a foreign terrorist organization if it has members who are not U.S.citizens.

If an organization is designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the U.S.government,some members may be kept from entering the U.S.

________ means holding a belief in the superiority of one's own social or ethnic group and culture.

________ create the biggest problem for cross-national comparisons of crime data.

A(n)________ crime is a serious violation of Islamic law that is regarded as an offense against God,such as theft,robbery,adultery,or alcohol consumption.

The integrated police intelligence-gathering and dissemination arm of the member nations of the European Union is called ________.

The ________ is a global judicial institution that complements national legal systems around the world and tries individuals who commit serious crime of concern to the international community.

________ refers to the internationalization of trade,information,crime,and other forms of human social activity.

The increasingly rapid pace of the globalization process is known as ________.

________ crime is one of the most pressing challenges of the early 21st century.

If an individual suspected of engaging in terrorist acts in the U.S.is living in France,France may be asked to ________ the suspect so that s/he can be tried in an American court.

________ occurs when someone is induced to engage in a commercial sex act by force,fraud,or coercion.

________ is a form of illegal immigration in which an agent is paid to help a person cross a border clandestinely.

________ terrorists are domestic terrorists who act alone and do not belong to any organized terrorist group or network.

________ terrorism takes place is committed by individuals or groups who are based entirely within the United States and is directed at elements of the U.S.government or population.

The U.S.State Department has the authority to designate a foreign government as a(n)________ of international terrorism.

A form of terrorism that makes use of high technology,especially computers and the Internet,in the planning and carrying out of terrorist attacks is called ________.

________ is a political alliance or link between major drug traffickers and terrorist groups.

The federal ________ is charged with protecting the nation's critical infrastructure against terrorist attack.

The U.S.Department of State may designate a group that is external to the U.S.and that engages in terrorist activity as a(n)________.

Murder

Theft

Assault

Maiming

Adultery

Drinking alcohol

Manslaughter

Highway robbery

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -The people involved are victims.

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -May or may not involve crossing an international border.

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -The people involved are violating the law.

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -Contains an element of force,fraud,or coercion.

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -Involves no forced labor or other exploitation.

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -Individuals are free to change jobs or leave.

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -Individuals involved generally are cooperating.

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -People involved have their movements limited or their documents confiscated.

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -The destruction of Pan American's London-New York Flight 103

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -The destruction of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11,2001

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -The bombing in Atlanta during the 1996 Olympics

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -The 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -The Oklahoma City bombing

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -The activities of the Unabomber

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -The attacks on U.S.embassies in Nairobi,Kenya,and Dar es Salaam

Match each characteristic to the type of crime. A)Human trafficking/trafficking in persons B)Human smuggling -The bombing during the 2013 Boston Marathon

Explain the reasons why comparative criminologists may find it difficult to compare the crime rates of different nations.

Islamic courts typically exist on three levels.Explain and define those three levels and how they differ from each other.

According to the United Nations,an offense can be considered transnational in nature if any of four conditions are met.List and define these four conditions

Define human smuggling and trafficking in persons (TIP)and explain the similarities and differences between them.

List and define the six characteristics that criminologist Gwynn Nettler say are shared by all forms of terrorism.

According to federal law,what criteria must be met for an organization to be designated as a foreign terrorist organization (FTO)? What are the legal consequences of an FTO designation?

Given the difficulties in comparing crime rates among different countries,what value do such cross-national comparisons have?

How might increasing globalization affect criminals today? How might it affect the ability of criminal justice systems to address the problem of crime? Do you think that,overall,globalization is a positive thing or not? Explain your opinion.