Quiz 7: Be an Effective Leader and Follower

Formal leadership is exerted by persons who become influential due to special skills or their ability to meet the needs of others.

Informal leadership is exerted by persons who become influential due to special skills or their ability to meet the needs of others.

Leadership identity construction means that leadership is constructed and produced in social and relational interactions among people acting in context.

Identity grants occur when people bestow the identity of a leader or a follower on another person.

Implicit leadership theories are the attributes we associate with leaders and followers and our beliefs about what makes them effective.

Followership is how individuals choose to engage with leaders in the leadership process. It represents an individual's capacity or willingness to follow a leader.

Follower role orientation refers to the tendency to attribute organizational outcomes (both good and bad) to the acts and doings of leaders.

Constructive follower orientation is the extent to which one accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

Co-leadership represents views of leadership not as a property of individuals and their behaviors but as a social phenomenon constructed in interaction.

Shared leadership is a dynamic, interactive influence in which individuals lead together to achieve group and organizational goals.

There is usually one right solution when it comes to leadership.

The trait approach to leadership assumes that if we can identify particular and socially desirable traits, we can select individuals for leadership positions based on their natural tendencies.

Early findings using the trait approach were very successful because researchers looked for significant correlations between traits and leadership outcomes instead of focusing on mediating variables.

In order to find out if leaders have a certain trait, you should examine their behaviors.

Behavioral approaches to the study of leadership focus on identifying patterns and categories of relevant leadership behavior and examining the effectiveness of these behaviors.

Task-oriented behavior involves concern for relationships and socioemotional support.

Relations-oriented behavior involves providing direction and enforcing performance standards needed to drive production.

Common sense would tell us that not all traits or behaviors of leaders are positively related to effectiveness all the time. Instead, whether a leader behavior is effective or not will depend on the situation.

Contingency views of leadership recognize that the effectiveness of a particular leadership approach depends on the demands of a situation.

Contingency theories try to predict leadership efficiency.

The central argument of behavioral leadership theories is that situational factors moderate the association between a manager's leadership style and his or her effectiveness.

Charisma is a special personal quality or attractiveness that enables an individual to influence others.

A socialized charismatic power orientation is a focus on power for collective (e.g., societal) rather than personal benefit.

Transactional leadership involves inspirational relationships in which both leaders and followers are positively transformed in the process.

Transformational leadership involves a focus on exchanging valued goods in return for something leaders want.

Contingent rewards represent the exchange of rewards for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment.

Laissez-faire leadership involves abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions.

In complex adaptive systems, coordination and control is centralized and comes from within the system.

Operational leadership occurs in formal, managerial roles and focuses on alignment and control aimed at driving business results.

Normative theory is the study of ethical problems and challenges distinctive to and inherent in the processes, practices, and outcomes of leading and following.

Servant leadership is a view in which servant leaders selflessly serve others first.

Which of the following is generated when two or more people who depend on one another work together in an influence relationship to get things done? A) Interest B) Leadership C) Norms of reciprocity D) Power distance orientation E) Immediacy

Jason is appointed to a position of official authority in his organization. Which of the following characteristics is Jason likely to exhibit in the new position? A) Informal leadership B) Followership C) Formal leadership D) Equivalence E) Romance of leadership

Which type of leadership is exerted by persons who become influential due to special skills or their ability to meet the needs of others? A) Equivalence leadership B) Idiosyncrasy leadership C) Informal leadership D) Constructed leadership E) Formal leadership

Which process involves individuals negotiating identities as leaders and followers? A) Identity granting B) Identity claiming C) Role implementation D) Role-finding E) Co-leading

Which of the following refers to actions people take to assert their identity as a leader or follower? A) Identity granting B) Identity claiming C) Balanced processing D) Constructive resistance E) Co-leading

__________ refers to actions people take to bestow the identity of a leader or follower onto another person. A) Identity granting B) Identity claiming C) Trusting D) Following E) Balanced processing

The capacity or willingness to obey a leader is referred to as: A) task-oriented behavior. B) followership. C) relations-oriented behavior. D) equivalence. E) self-regulation.

Which of the following views followership as an active role in which a follower expresses opinions, takes initiative, asks constructive questions, and challenges others, including the leader? A) Follower role orientation B) Leadership orientation C) Power distance orientation D) Proactive follower orientation E) Social construction

Which of the following theories represents preconceived notions about prototypical and antiprototypical followership behaviors and characteristics? A) Leader-member exchange theories B) Implicit followership theories C) Implicit leadership theories D) Informal leadership theories E) Social exchange theories

The type of leadership that sees leadership as a group phenomenon that is dispersed among individuals is known as __________ leadership. A) collective B) shared C) distributed D) social E) intellectual

Which type of leadership occurs when leadership is divided so that no one person has the power to lead unilaterally? A) Distributive leadership B) Social leadership C) Formal leadership D) Informal leadership E) Co-leadership

The dynamic, interactive influence process among team members working to achieve group and organizational goals is called __________. A) shared leadership B) distributive leadership C) informal leadership D) co-leadership E) implicit leadership

Followers contribute to the leadership process by assuming a follower role and granting a leader's ))__________. A) idealized influence B) identity claim C) contingent reward D) relational transparency E) dysfunctional resistance

All of the following are implicit leadership theory prototypes EXCEPT: A) sensitivity. B) intelligence. C) tyranny. D) attractiveness. E) gender.

Which of the following characteristics is NOT included in the list of prototypical and antiprototypical characteristics of followers? A) Industry B) Enthusiasm C) Incompetence D) Insubordination E) Intelligence

The sharing of responsibility for meeting group task and maintenance needs is known as: A) participative partnering. B) conjunctive leadership. C) authentic leadership. D) empowered leadership. E) distributed leadership.

The trait approach focuses on all of the following EXCEPT: A) personality. B) interpersonal behaviors. C) motives. D) values. E) physical characteristics.

Which approach to leadership focuses on identifying categories of relevant leadership behavior and examining their effects on performance and other outcomes? A) The behavioral approach B) The laissez-faire approach C) The trait approach D) The directive approach E) The contingency approach

Which approach to leadership assumes that if we can identify particular and socially desirable characteristics, we can select individuals for leadership positions based on their natural tendencies? A) The behavioral approach B) The laissez-faire approach C) The trait approach D) The directive approach E) The operational approach

The type of behavior that involves concern for interpersonal connections and socioemotional support is known as _________ behavior. A) relations-oriented B) entrepreneurial-oriented C) task-oriented D) power-oriented E) ethical-oriented

Which type of behavior involves providing direction and enforcing performance standards needed to drive production? A) Relations-oriented B) Participation-oriented C) Task-oriented D) Power-oriented E) Ethical-oriented

Which of the following is NOT included in task-oriented behaviors? A) Maintaining performance standards B) Assigning tasks C) Identifying standard procedures D) Enforcing deadlines E) Building relations

__________ state that the relationship between leader behavior and leadership effectiveness depends on the demands of a situation. A) Transactional leadership approaches B) Contingency approaches C) Trait approaches D) Relational transparency approaches E) Administrative leadership approaches

The type of leadership that involves relations-oriented, employee-centered behavior that promotes a friendly work climate by focusing on subordinate needs and well-being is known as __________. A) achievement-oriented leadership B) directive leadership C) supportive leadership D) participative leadership E) transactional leadership

__________ leadership is needed when subordinates want guidance and direction in their jobs. A) Achievement-oriented B) Directive C) Supportive D) Participative E) Transactional

__________ is a special personal quality or attractiveness that enables an individual to influence others. A) Leadership B) Charisma C) Motive D) Physicality E) Power

Although charisma can be considered an individual trait, it is more aptly described as a relational process triggered by leaders and followers acting together in context. Charisma is produced by three elements: ()()() A) a spark, flammable material, and oxygen. B) power, control, and force. C) personality, traits, and motivation. D) traits, behaviors, and power. E) a situation, personalities, and leaders.

Charismatic leaders can be most distinguished by their __________ skills. A) organization B) communication C) critical thinking D) management E) problem-solving

Nicole is a manager at Frost Inc. She is very confident and optimistic, tends to use strong, expressive forms of communication, and uses personal risk and self-sacrifice to attain her visions for the organization. Nicole is said to be a(n) __________ leader. A) participative B) adaptive C) transactional D) charismatic E) emerging

A focus on power for collective rather than personal benefit is called: A) emergence. B) ethics. C) power distance. D) a socialized charismatic orientation. E) a normative theory.

__________ are leaders who use their allure to dominate followers and keep them weak and dependent on the leader. A) Adaptive leaders B) Personalized charismatics C) Servant leaders D) Supportive leaders E) Socialized charismatics

The type of leadership that involves inspirational relationships in which both leaders and followers are positively changed in the process is known as __________ leadership. A) transactional B) transformational C) participative D) supportive E) traditional

Which type of leadership involves a focus on exchanging valued goods in return for something leaders want? A) Transformational leadership B) Supportive leadership C) Transactional leadership D) Empowering leadership E) Participative leadership

Contingent rewards represent: A) a hands-off style of abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions. B) the action of intervening only if standards are not met. C) deviations from rules and standards that require corrective action. D) the exchange of valuable resources for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment. E) a focus on organizational performance.

Active management by exception involves: A) abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions. B) intervening only if standards are not met. C) watching for deviations from rules and standards and taking corrective action. D) exchanging rewards for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment. E) focusing on organizational performance.

Which of the following does passive leadership involve? A) Abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions B) Intervening only if standards are not met C) Watching for deviations from rules and standards and taking corrective action D) Exchanging rewards for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment E) Focusing on organizational performance

Laissez-faire leadership involves: A) abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions. B) intervening only if standards are not met. C) watching for deviations from rules and standards and taking corrective action. D) exchanging rewards for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment. E) focusing on organizational performance.

Which style of leadership focuses on leadership as a complex interactive dynamic based on emergence? A) Complexity leadership B) Passive leadership C) Supportive leadership D) Participative leadership E) Transformational leadership

__________ leadership occurs in formal, managerial roles and focuses on alignment and control aimed at driving business results. A) Entrepreneurial B) Adaptive C) Supportive D) Operational E) Transformational

Which style of leadership fuels innovation, adaptability, and change? A) Entrepreneurial leadership B) Adaptive leadership C) Supportive leadership D) Participative leadership E) Transformational leadership

Which type of leadership operates in the interface between operational and entrepreneurial systems? A) Passive leadership B) Adaptive leadership C) Supportive leadership D) Participative leadership E) Transformational leadership

Which of the following is a view in which leaders selflessly help others first? A) Passive leadership B) Servant leadership C) Entrepreneurial leadership D) Authoritarian leadership E) Participative leadership

The ethical values, norms, attitudes, feelings, and behaviors of employees in an organization are known as: A) normative theories. B) ethics. C) ethical climates. D) neutralizers. E) complex adaptive systems.

Which of the following is true of the actor-network theory? A) It allows individuals to make the required changes to strengthen beneficial behaviors and weaken ineffective ones. B) It highlights that ethics are not the responsibility of leaders alone. C) It suggests that leaders are in a better position than followers to make decisions and determine direction. D) It suggests that leadership is just about managing people. E) It describes leadership as occurring in the interactions of human and nonhuman agents.

Which of the following is a true statement about transformational leaders? A) They abdicate responsibilities, thus avoiding taking action or making decisions. B) They act only when there are problems or when the required standards are not met. C) They use active management by exception. D) They use idealized influence and inspirational leadership. E) They rely on contingent rewards.

__________ is an individual's ability to engage with others, while maintaining openness and clarity about himself or herself. A) Relational transparency B) Intellectual stimulation C) Idealized influence D) Emergence E) Immediacy

Which of the following is a form of co-leadership? A) Passive leadership B) Complementary leadership C) Formal leadership D) Operational leadership E) Servant leadership

__________ occurs when two or more people who depend on one another work together in an influence relationship to get things done()().

__________ is exerted by persons appointed or elected to positions of formal authority in organizations.

__________ is exerted by persons who become influential due to special skills or their ability to meet the needs of others.

The __________ process involves individuals negotiating identities as leaders and followers.

__________ refer to the actions people take to assert their identity as a leader or follower.

__________ occur when people bestow the identity of a leader or a follower on another person.

__________ of leadership are the attributes we associate with leaders and our beliefs about what makes them effective.

__________ is an individual's capacity or willingness to follow a leader.

__________ is expressing opinions, taking initiative, and constructively questioning and challenging leaders.

__________ are prototypes of the characteristics and behaviors that are believed to be prototypical of followers.

__________ occurs when leadership roles are structured in ways such that no single individual is vested with the power to lead unilaterally.

__________ is a dynamic, interactive influence process in which individuals lead together to achieve group and organizational goals.

The __________ approach to leadership study assumes that if we can identify particular and socially desirable attributes, we can select individuals for leadership positions based on their natural tendencies.

The __________ approach to leadership study focuses on identifying categories of relevant leadership behavior and examining their effects on performance and other outcomes.

__________ behavior focuses on social, emotional, and interpersonal aspects of management and leadership.

__________ behavior involves providing direction and enforcing performance standards needed to drive production.

__________ approaches state that the relationship between leader behavior and leadership effectiveness depends on the situation.

__________ leadership might be useful in driving group performance on a complex task; however, it might be less effective if group members do not have adequate skills or the resources needed.

__________ leadership is relations-oriented, employee-centered behavior that promotes a friendly work climate by focusing on subordinate needs and well-being.

__________ use their charisma to inspire followers and empower them toward collective interests.

Charismatic leaders with an individualized power orientation are called ________.

__________ involves inspirational relationships in which both leaders and followers are positively changed in the process.

__________ involves a focus on exchanging valued goods in return for something leaders want.

__________ focuses on leadership as a complex interactive dynamic based on emergence.

__________ leadership occurs in formal, managerial roles and focuses on alignment and control aimed at driving business results.

__________ leadership fuels innovation, adaptability, and change.

__________ foster and support ethical climates by being role models for appropriate behavior.

Explain the concept of leadership as an identity construction process and what it involves.

What is followership? Discuss the different follower identities that exist.

Describe the behavioral leadership approach and the two main categories of a manager's leadership behaviors.

Define contingency approaches, and name the four leadership styles in the contingency model.

What is charisma and what are some of the consequences and dangers of charismatic leadership?

Explain the complexity leadership theory and the three styles of leadership in its framework.

Describe servant leadership and list the qualities servant leaders possess.