Quiz 9: Build Strong Relationships and Networks

Relational maintenance involves actions to return a relationship to a positive state.

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is the study of manager-subordinate relationship quality.

Social exchange describes how relationships initiate and develop through the processes of exchange and reciprocity.

The norm of reciprocity says that when one party does something for another, that party is indebted to the other until the obligation is repaid.

In the context of the norm of reciprocity, immediacy is the extent to which the amount of what is given back is roughly the same as what was received.

In the context of the norm of reciprocity, equivalence refers to how quickly the repayment is made.

In the context of the norm of reciprocity, interest is the motive behind an exchange.

The term "interest" in social exchange is based on the firm reliance on the intention and ability of the other to repay.

Idiosyncrasy credits refer to our ability to violate norms with others based on whether we have enough "credits" to cover the violation.

High team-member exchange is characterized by a high level of openness, support, and psychological safety.

High-quality leader-member exchange (LMX) relationships operate like contractual exchanges.

Managers and employees in low-quality leader-member exchange (LMX) relationships communicate openly and honestly and support each other to meet individual and organizational goals.

In any network, ties among actors differ in terms of strength, familiarity, or closeness.

Social capital is the knowledge, skills, and intellectual assets employees bring to the workplace.

Brokers help bridge structural holes in a network by linking independent clusters together.

Structural holes are the absence of a link between two actors in a social network.

Network centrality indicates the extent to which all actors in a network are directly connected with each other.

Incremental change is change that builds on rather than disrupts existing norms and patterns.

The most significant and tangible value of a social network is its contribution to career development and advancement.

Research shows that energizing ties are associated with an individual's access to resources and promotions and positively related to wellbeing, performance and retention.

In the context of relational testing, scorekeeping is evaluating every exchange to make sure it is acceptable and appropriately reciprocated.

At the stage of maintenance evaluation, people do not watch every exchange; instead they monitor for relational violations.

In the context of social networks, the individuals in each relationship are called clusters and the connections between them are called nodes.

Socialization is the configuration of interactions and ties among actors in a social network.

A network in which most actors are not directly tied to each other is considered sparsely knit.

In a network, the network maximum is reached if all actors are connected to all other actors.

__________ is watching for relational violations that go outside the boundary of expectations in established relationships. A) Relational disclosure B) Maintenance evaluation C) Probing D) Parochialism E) Relational exchange

A __________ occurs when a behavior crosses the boundary of acceptable behavior in a relationship. A) relationship exchange B) relational violation C) disclosure D) social exchange E) reflective exchange

Relational __________ is a testing process with the intention to rebuild or reestablish relationship quality. A) presence B) repair C) rotation D) building E) disclosure

When relational violations occurs, individuals should use __________ to attempt relational repair. A) ethnocentric behaviors B) supportive communication principles C) chronemics D) proxemics E) passive listening

Supportive communication principles help people do all of the following EXCEPT __________. A) engage in active listening B) focus on joint problem solving to improve the state of a relationship C) strengthen the instrumental ties that are inherent in personal relationships D) avoid defensiveness E) avoid disconfirmation

The study of manager-subordinate relationship quality is known as: A) leader-member exchange theory. B) social constructive theory. C) collective leadership theory. D) role orientation. E) social engineering.

Which of the following terms describes how relationships develop through the process of reciprocity? A) Hedonism B) Social exchange C) Homophily D) Social engineering E) Network centrality

When one party does something for another, that party is indebted to the other until the obligation is repaid. This is known as: A) immediacy. B) trust. C) the norm of reciprocity. D) the proximity principle. E) the contagion effect.

In the context of the components of reciprocity, __________ is the extent to which the amount of what is given back is roughly the same as what was received. A) immediacy B) trust C) valence D) equivalence E) interest

In the context of the components of reciprocity, which of the following describes how quickly the repayment is made in an exchange relationship? A) Interest B) Trust C) Immediacy D) Equivalence E) Disclosure

In the context of the components of reciprocity, the motive behind an exchange is: A) interest. B) trust. C) immediacy. D) equivalence. E) disclosure.

Which of the following terms in social exchange refers to the belief in the intention and ability of the other to repay? A) Interest B) Trust C) Immediacy D) Equivalence E) Idiosyncrasy

Which of the following terms represents our ability to violate norms with others based on whether we have enough credits to cover the violation? A) Idiosyncrasy credits B) Social credits C) Immediacy D) Interest E) Trust

Which of the following statements is true of expressive ties? A) They are formed for the achievement of some goal or purpose. B) They are characterized by friendship, kinship, and social support. C) They are also known as professional ties. D) They include relationships in the workplace. E) They describe relationships that involve exchange and cooperation.

Which of the following statements is true of Simmelian ties? A) They help people identify the basis of a dyad. B) They are considered weaker than regular strong ties. C) They are also known as professional ties. D) They are concerned with the number of strong ties within a subgroup of a network. E) They are only concerned with the strength of relationships between two actors.

Gina works in the marketing team of an investment company. Her work requires her to collaborate and cooperate with her team members to achieve the marketing goals of the company. Her manager requires her to complete a set of tasks every day; in exchange, Gina looks to her manager for work-related guidance and support. In this scenario, Gina's relationship with her manager can be described as a(n): A) expressive tie. B) personal tie. C) instrumental tie. D) kinship tie. E) familial tie.

Kevin has a tendency to get attracted to and form relationships with those who have similar aspirations and values as him. This tendency of Kevin's is termed __________. A) homophily B) equivalence C) immediacy D) hedonism E) the contagion effect

David's family comprises his parents and his elder brother Adam. The relationships between David and each of his parents and the relationship between him and his brother are interconnected and form a network. In the context of the social network perspective, the connection between David and his brother is a __________. A) dyad B) triad C) clique D) quintet E) quartet

In the context of the social network perspective, a __________ is composed of three or more actors all connected to each other. A) dyad B) triad C) clique D) quintet E) quartet

Which of the following statements is true of a cohesive network? A) It is one in which the people you are connected to are connected to one another. B) It is one in which you are connected to people who are not connected to one another. C) It is one connecting disparate groups of people so that access to goods and services is enabled. D) It is beneficial for radical change. E) It is beneficial for unstable environments.

Which of the following statements is true of a bridging network? A) It is one in which the people you are connected to are connected to one another. B) It is beneficial for stable environments. C) It is beneficial for incremental change, change that builds on rather than disrupts existing norms and patterns. D) It is beneficial for coordination of routine tasks that require teamwork and flow. E) It is one in which you are connected to people who are not connected to one another.

A(n) __________ network is one connecting disparate groups of people so that access to goods, services or information is enabled. A) unit B) brokering C) cohesive D) energizing E) de-energizing

__________ exists when all members have access to information in the network. A) Network maximum B) Network centrality C) Network coherence D) Network density E) Network closure

__________ are defined as subgroups of actors who are tied together because they have similar traits or characteristics. A) Quintets B) Dyads C) Triads D) Clusters E) Nodes

The __________ is the tendency to populate a network with those closest to you, such as everyday coworkers or people in one's small social circle. A) self-serving bias B) proximity principle C) self-similarity principle D) bystander effect E) contagion effect

Identify a true statement about de-energizing ties. A) They leave people feeling drained, unhappy, and demotivated. B) They increase employee thriving. C) They contribute to personal and organizational success. D) They lead to more boundary spanning when they go across departments. E) They are associated with an individual's access to resources and promotions.

A problem with de-energizing ties is their __________, or the spread of emotion across a group or network. A) homophily B) contagion effect C) bystander effect D) self-serving bias E) hedonism

In the context of energizing ties, __________ is the joint experience of vitality and learning. A) thriving B) the contagion effect C) the bystander effect D) hedonism E) homophily

__________ occurs when the same beliefs or perspectives are amplified and reinforced in a social network. A) An echo chamber B) The contagion effect C) The bystander effect D) The self-serving bias E) Network centrality

The __________ is the idea that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances. A) self-similarity principle B) proximity principle C) bystander effect D) contagion effect E) small world theory

__________ is the tendency for actors in a network to form connections with and share the opinions and behaviors of others who are similar in terms of demographics (e.g., gender, ethnicity, educational attainment) or other attributes (e.g., personality, values). A) Homophily B) Hedonism C) Centralization D) Network centrality E) Psychological safety

In the early stages of relationship development, where individuals are getting to know one another, relational testing can be described as __________. A) homophily B) hedonism C) relational thriving D) maintenance evaluation E) scorekeeping

__________ is the process of building relationships through reciprocal interactions between people. A) Social engineering B) Hedonism C) Centralization D) Social exchange E) Boundary spanning

In the context of relationship building, __________ is an action contingent upon a rewarding reaction. A) centralization B) an exchange C) a disclosure D) a clique E) homophily

In the context of relational testing, at the stage of maintenance evaluation, __________. A) relationships settle in at the relationship quality in which they were developed B) people watch every exchange C) people engage in scorekeeping D) reciprocity dimensions destabilize E) people get to know one another and actively manage information that is shared

__________ is the closeness or emotional intensity of a relationship represented by a tie in a network. A) Tie strength B) Network density C) Centralization D) Network centrality E) Tie content

Samantha and Erica are best friends. They share their dreams, goals, aspirations, and feelings with each other. They also rely on each other for emotional support. In this context, the tie between Samantha and Erica is (a)n __________. A) formal tie B) instrumental tie C) Simmelian tie D) professional tie E) expressive tie

A benefit of cohesive networks is that they are: A) beneficial for environments involving change that diverges from status quo. B) beneficial for environments involving radical change. C) beneficial for coordination of routine tasks that require teamwork and flow. D) beneficial for unstable environments. E) beneficial to disruptive change.

A(n) __________ occurs when a behavior or action crosses the boundary of what is acceptable in a relationship.

__________ is the study of manager-subordinate relationship quality.

__________ represents the extent to which team members contribute ideas, feedback, and assistance to one another.

The __________ says that when one party does something for another, an expectation is created that the other will pay them back.

__________, in the norm of reciprocity, is the extent to which the amount of what is given back is roughly the same as what was received.

__________, in the norm of reciprocity, is how quickly the repayment is made.

In the context of the characteristics of reciprocity, __________ is the motive behind an exchange.

In the context of social exchange, __________ is based on the belief regarding the intention and ability of the other to repay.

__________ credits refer to our ability to violate norms with others based on whether we have enough credits to cover the violation.

__________ is the number of people who provide support to a person and the value of the resources they provide.

__________ are gaps or a lack of connection among actors in a social structure.

__________ is the ability to speak openly and freely with one another without fear of reprimand or negative consequences.

__________ is developing relationships that cross boundaries within or outside the organization.

__________ is change that diverges from status quo and disrupts existing norms and patterns.

__________ exists when an actor has ties with many other actors in a network.

__________ is the network of social connections that exists between people and leads to mutually advantageous cooperation and collaboration.

What is leader-member exchange (LMX) theory? Differentiate between high-quality and low-quality LMX relationships.

Describe the concept of tie strength. Differentiate between strong and weak ties.

Describe the concept of Simmelian ties.

What is social capital? How is it generated in personal and professional networks?

Describe the two common network traps that should be avoided to become a broker.

Describe the three components of reciprocity.