Question 1

While expressions of surprise tend to be brief, they usually transform into which emotional expression?

Accepted Answer

Expressions of surprise often result in a positive reaction, such as happiness or excitement. This is because surprise is often caused by unexpected positive news or events.

Question 2

Marion and Lee want to encourage their child to respond to her wrongdoings with guilt rather than shame. Which would NOT be the best advice for them regarding this?

Accepted Answer

Criticizing the child for her actions can lead to feelings of shame, as it focuses on the child's character rather than the behavior. Encouraging guilt involves focusing on the behavior and its impact, not the child's worth.

Question 3

Newborns' emotions are MOST frequently regulated in which way?

Accepted Answer

Newborns' emotions are most frequently regulated through the attempts of other people, such as parents or caregivers, to soothe and distract the baby. This can include holding, rocking, talking to, or singing to the baby. Babies are not capable of intentional gaze aversion or self-soothing, and the fight or flight response is a less frequent occurrence in newborns' emotional regulation.

Question 4

Which ability is typical of a 3-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

A 3-year-old child is typically able to identify the causes of others' positive emotions, as they are beginning to understand basic emotions and their causes, but they are not yet capable of understanding more complex emotional concepts.

Question 5

This emotion involves a cognitive understanding that something is not as it usually is, rather than just a physical reaction to being startled.

Accepted Answer

Surprise involves a cognitive understanding that something is unexpected or different from what is usually perceived. It goes beyond just a physical startle response.

Question 6

Which factor is NOT needed for separation anxiety to be considered a mental disorder?

Accepted Answer

A temporary period of time is not needed for separation anxiety to be considered a mental disorder; rather, persistence over time is a key factor.

Question 7

Which method is NOT a manner in which children can learn to associate certain people or events with fear and anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Direction is not a manner in which children can learn to associate certain people or events with fear and anxiety. Conditioning, observation, and instruction are all methods that can lead to the association of fear and anxiety with certain people or events.

Question 8

Which emotional experience is thought to have an evolutionary basis to help people avoid potential poisons or disease-causing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Disgust is thought to have an evolutionary basis in helping people avoid potential poisons or disease-causing bacteria. This emotion signals the body to avoid anything that might be harmful and has been observed even in newborn infants.

Question 9

Which emotion is self-conscious?

Accepted Answer

Shame is a self-conscious emotion because it involves feeling embarrassed or humiliated about one's actions or behavior in front of others. Anger, fear, and sadness are emotions that can be experienced without being influenced by social situations.

Question 10

Children who are impulsive seem to have more problems and are less sympathetic to others if they are exposed to all of these parenting practices EXCEPT _____ parenting.

Accepted Answer

Supportive parenting has been shown to reduce impulsive behavior and increase empathy in children. Hostile, intrusive, and negative parenting practices have all been linked to an increase in impulsive behavior and a decrease in empathy.

Question 11

Which of these stimuli is LEAST likely to elicit a smile in a 2-month-old infant?

Accepted Answer

At 2 months old, infants are more responsive to social stimuli, such as faces and physical interaction, than to inanimate objects. Smiling at interesting objects is a behavior that typically develops later as infants become more aware of their surroundings and begin to engage more with the physical world.

Question 12

The degree to which an individual's temperament is compatible with the demands and expectations of his or her social environment is called

Accepted Answer

Goodness of fit refers to the degree to which an individual's temperament is compatible with the expectations and demands of his or her social environment. It is the extent to which a child's temperament is a good match or fit for the demands and expectations of the environment. Co-regulation refers to a collaborative process in which a child's behavior is influenced by the interactions between the child and their caregiver or parents. Emotion coaching refers to a parenting style that involves validating children's emotions, coaching them on how to manage their emotions, and supporting their efforts to solve problems or cope with challenges. Differential susceptibility refers to the idea that some individuals are more susceptible to both negative and positive environmental influences, depending on their genetic makeup.

Question 13

Separation anxiety or distress due to separation from the parent who is the child's primary caregiver emerges around _____ months of age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Separation anxiety or distress due to separation...

Question 14

Elementary school children are less likely to be afraid of monsters than are preschool children because older children have

Accepted Answer

As children grow older, they develop a better understanding of reality and are able to distinguish between what is real and what is imaginary. This understanding helps them overcome their fear of monsters, which they know are not real. While choices C and D may also contribute to children's ability to cope with fear, they are not the primary reason why older children are less afraid of monsters. Choice A is irrelevant to the question.

Question 15

A circumstance in which the same temperament characteristics that puts some children at high risk for negative outcomes when exposed to a harsh home environment also causes them to blossom when their home environment is positive is called

Accepted Answer

Differential susceptibility refers to the idea that some individuals are biologically more responsive to both negative and positive experiences, meaning that the same temperament characteristics that put them at high risk in one context may also lead to better outcomes in another context. Goodness of fit refers to the degree of match between a child's temperament and their environment, and may influence their risk for negative outcomes but does not necessarily account for the potential for positive outcomes. Social competence refers to a child's ability to navigate social interactions effectively, and display rule refers to cultural norms regarding the expression of emotions.

Question 16

Which factor is NOT associated with experiencing traumatic stress?

Accepted Answer

Extracurricular activities are not typically associated with experiencing traumatic stress. The other choices are associated with traumatic stress.

Question 17

Dr. Ey takes a functionalist approach to understanding emotional development. Which statement would she be MOST likely to make?

Accepted Answer

A functionalist approach to emotional development focuses on the purpose or function of emotions and how they help individuals adapt to their environment. Choice A directly addresses the purpose of anger and how it helps individuals to achieve their goals. Choices B and C are more aligned with a socialization approach to emotional development, and choice D is more aligned with a basic emotions approach.

Question 18

Which goal is NOT a motive to use a display rule?

Accepted Answer

Using a display rule is a strategy to manage one's emotions and behavior in certain social situations. Options A, B, and D all involve the desire to control the impression others have of oneself or to manage other people's emotions. Option C, however, is not a motive to use a display rule - it involves seeking information in an ambiguous situation rather than managing emotions or social impressions.

Question 19

Who is more likely to engage in rumination in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that females are generally more likely to engage in rumination in response to stress compared to males. Therefore, Carla, being a girl, is more likely to ruminate than the boys in the given options.

Question 20

Thoughts of suicide may occur in those who suffer from this mental disorder.

Accepted Answer

While anxiety and stress can contribute to suicidal thoughts, depression is a mental disorder that is most commonly associated with suicidal ideation. Psychosis can also contribute to suicidal thoughts, but it is not a mental disorder on its own.

Quiz 10: Emotional Development