Quiz 17: Late Adulthood: Physical and Emotional Development

Life expectancy is the maximum expected length of life for a member of a species.

Programmed theories indicate that aging is a result of random genetic errors.

Wise people approach life's problems in a way that addresses the meaning of life.

In later adulthood, people have the most difficulty remembering key life events from their teens and early adulthood.

The major cause of death of Canadians age 65 and older is cancer.

Ageism is prejudice against old people.

Both men and women maintain the ability to have orgasm although it may take longer and more effort in late adulthood.

Men are expected, on average, to live longer lives than women.

Osteoarthritis is the dominant form of heart disease among those aged 65 and older.

Ardelt believes that wise people tend to possess an unselfish love for others and tend to be less afraid of death.

The risk of cancer increases as people age.

Life expectancy in Canada has dropped in the last decade or so.

Currently, 1 in 8 people in Canada is over the age of 65.

Many older adults find it more difficult to understand the spoken language.

Sleep disorders in late adulthood may have psychological underpinnings.

Estrogen provides women with some protection from heart disease.

Older people typically refrain from having sex.

Erectile dysfunction is inevitable with aging.

Over the last century, life expectancy in Canada has increased. One factor that has led to longer life expectancies is the lower infant mortality rates from infectious diseases.

Men are less likely than women to consult a physician when they are sick.

Age-related changes in sexuality tend to occur more gradually in women than in men.

Lower levels of testosterone in late adulthood may affect men's ability to achieve and maintain an erection.

Older adults have an easier time recalling implicit memories than explicit memories.

Alzheimer's disease is a normal developmental process.

The stress hormone theory of aging is an example of a cellular damage theory.

Injury from falls by older adults can be prevented by taking simple precautions in the home.

Life expectancy is the same between provinces, but it varies between the territories.

Older adults are unable to use cues to help them with prospective memory.

Older people today are more likely to die from chronic diseases such as cancer than from infectious disease such as influenza.

Hasher (2008) ironically suggests that distractibility in late adulthood may have benefits in terms of wisdom.

Humans' sense of smell decreases significantly from youth to advanced late adulthood

Accidents are the ninth leading cause of death among older Canadians.

Aging has more of a detrimental effect on associative memory than on memory for single items.

Most adults over age 65 live either in retirement communities or in nursing homes.

The three major causes of death of Canadians age 65 and older are cancer, heart disease, and accidents.

Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss that affects about one person in three over the age of 65.

Antioxidants are available in some foods and may combat the damage inflicted by free radicals on the body's cells.

Cataracts are often treated with outpatient surgery today.

Osteoporosis is the third leading cause of death in late adulthood.

Men are more likely than women to die from accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, strokes, suicide, homicide, HIV/AIDS, and some forms of cancer.

As women age, the vagina shrinks and its walls thin.

Despite decline in physical functions, older people can lead a fulfilling sex life.

Telomeres are segments of DNA on the tips of chromosomes that signal that cell division is no longer possible once the cell divides a certain number of times.

Older adults may become addicted to prescription drugs.

Research has shown that 50 years after high school, older adults were able to look at photographs and recognize many of their schoolmates.

When confronted with interpersonal conflict, older adults tend to get angry easily.

The effects of Alzheimer's disease range from forgetting recent events to significant confusion to death.

Bones in the spine, hip, thigh, and forearm are the least vulnerable to bone loss as people age.

In older adulthood, nipple erection is less common when a woman is sexually aroused.

Glaucoma is a buildup of fluid pressure inside the eyeball.

Chronic diseases or degenerative processes, such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, lead to disability or premature death, and are thus considered to be a part of normal aging.

Many of the physical changes in older women relating to sexuality stem from a decline in estrogen production.

All aspects of cognitive skills decline in late adulthood.

Older adults tend to be more distractible than young adults.

Substance abuse is rare in late adulthood.

Older adults may be less frequently screened and treated for cancer than younger adults in part because of elder bias.

There is only one kind of arthritis.

Alzheimer's disease can be cured.

Most older adults are poor problem solvers.

According to the wear-and-tear theory, the body will wear out after being used long enough.

Which statement best describes the stages in the progression of Alzheimer's disease? A) They begin subtly and end in death. B) They are unpredictable. C) They are different for everyone who gets it. D) They are treatable if diagnosed early enough.

Which of the following is a treatment for osteoarthritis? A) beta-blockers B) chemotherapy C) anti-inflammatory drugs D) herbal teas and rubs

Which of the following affects 50% of Canadians 65 years of age and older? A) stroke B) hypertension C) congestive heart failure D) coronary artery disease

Which of the following is characteristic of changes in sensory functioning in late adulthood? A) Hearing low-pitched voices becomes more difficult. B) Taste sensitivity becomes heightened and less seasoning is required. C) The sense of smell is heightened D) Taste buds are lost.

Which statement best represents the cross-linking theory? A) Body proteins stiffen with age. B) Calorie restrictions cause aging. C) Aging is a result of overabundant free radicals. D) Aging is a result of programmed breakdowns in the cells of the body.

Which statement best characterizes Alzheimer's disease? A) It is curable if diagnosed early enough. B) It rarely leads to death in later adulthood. C) It is a progressive disease that causes dementia. D) It affects approximately 40% of Canadians.

Which statement best characterizes diabetes? A) It is an infectious disease. B) It is a disease of young people. C) It has seen a drop in the prevalence for adults 65 years and over. D) It is the fifth leading cause of death in adults 65 years and over.

Jennifer's mother has been diagnosed as having cataracts. What would the diagnosing doctor most likely tell her? A) They are untreatable. B) They cause hearing problems. C) They cloud the lenses in the eyes. D) They are caused by increased fluid pressure in the eyeball.

Which statement best characterizes the prevalence of chronic illnesses in older adults? A) Chronic diseases are rare. B) One out of five people over age 65 has a chronic illness. C) Most adults over age 65 have severe chronic diseases. D) Hypertension is the chronic illness that impacts more than half of older Canadians.

Which of the following was found by experiments with younger and older adults who were asked to solve math problems? A) Younger adults used fewer strategies but displayed faster processing speed in solving complex math problems. B) Younger adults used more strategies but were slower in solving complex math problems. C) Older adults used fewer strategies and displayed slower processing speed in solving complex math problems. D) Older adults used more strategies but were slower in solving complex math problems.

Meredith is 80 years old. Which statement is most likely to characterize her sexuality? A) Her sexuality will disappear. B) It is unimportant in her life. C) It may be fulfilling for many more years. D) It is unaffected by physical or psychological changes.

Life expectancy in Canada has increased over the last 100 years. Which of the following has contributed to his increase? A) a revised Canada Food Guide B) improved public health measures C) lower birth rate D) extended family support

Which statement best represents the onset of dementia? A) It is a naturally occurring result of aging. B) It is caused only by genetic factors. C) It is most often caused by Alzheimer's disease. D) It can be prevented or halted if diagnosed early.

In which of the following circumstances is the age-related decline in prospective memory the greatest? A) when distractors are present, and attention is negatively impacted B) when memory cues are plentiful C) when the task is critical for one's well-being D) when interfering information overwhelms the ability to focus

Which statement best represents the treatments for Alzheimer's disease? A) Treatments include caloric restriction and use of antioxidants. B) Alzheimer's disease has been cured in many patients. C) The dementia that results from Alzheimer's disease is irreversible. D) Treatments are still in the early stages and are unpredictable with a guarded prognosis.

Which statement best characterizes "life expectancy"? A) It is the same as lifespan. B) It is determined by genetics alone. C) It refers to the duration of time a member of a species can live. D) It is the number of years a person will likely live.

Which statement best characterizes the cellular clock theory of aging? A) Everyone has the exact same rate of aging B) It is contradicted by the presence of telomeres. C) Cells can divide only a certain number of times. D) Cells from longer-lived species divide fewer times than cells from shorter-lived species.

Which of the following may have contributed to an increase in the spread of sexually transmitted infections among older adults? A) dormant infections B) social anxiety C) lack of education D) online dating

How do our bones change during late adulthood? A) The changes result primarily from poor nutrition. B) They become denser. C) They become more brittle. D) They toughen, making them more difficult to fracture.

Which statement best describes telomeres? A) They support the cellular damage theory. B) They are present only in the cells of nonmammals. C) They are environmental toxins that build up in cells over time. D) They are tips of chromosomes that divide as one ages and will stop at a predetermined time.

Jennifer's father has been diagnosed as having glaucoma. Which of the following would the diagnosing doctor most likely tell Jennifer? A) It is primarily experienced by young adults. B) It is a buildup in fluid pressure in the eyeball. C) It is a problem that decreases in seriousness with age. D) It is a problem leading to presbycusis.

What are the living arrangements of most older adults? A) Most live in their own homes. B) Most are physically incapacitated. C) Most require institutionalized care. D) Most live in nursing homes by the time they reach age 75.

Which of the following best characterizes life expectancy in Canada over the past few decades? A) It has not changed. B) It has dropped overall. C) It continues to increase. D) It has increased dramatically.

What are the two leading causes of death for older adults? A) cancer and heart disease B) cancer and diabetes C) heart disease and diabetes D) diabetes and pneumonia

Which statement best characterizes language development during late adulthood? A) Reading comprehension tends to increase with age. B) Few language deficits are typical during late adulthood. C) Older adults show few language production deficiencies. D) Language comprehension improves when the speaker slows down and articulates words carefully.

Which type of memory tasks do older adults do nearly as well as younger adults? A) tasks that require working memory B) tasks that require keeping more than one piece of information in their heads at the same time C) tasks that require implicit memory D) tasks that involve using alternating memory systems

In 1900, how many people were over the age of 65? A) 1 in 500 B) 1 in 100 C) 1 in 25 D) 1 in 8

What is the average life expectancy for a Canadian man? A) 45 years B) 60 years C) 80 years D) 90 years

Which statement is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis? A) It is characterized by wear and tear on the joints.. B) It results from the body's own immune system attacking its tissues. C) Onset of the disease usually begins around age 30. D) Tranquilizers are used to treat it.

Which statement best characterizes accidents among older adults? A) They are more injurious to those who have osteoporosis. B) They cannot be prevented in most cases in late adulthood. C) They can occur because of faster reaction times among older adults. D) They are rarely problematic for older men; they are a problem primarily for older women.

What are the living arrangements of most adults over age 65 in Canada? A) They live primarily in nursing homes. B) They live mostly in retirement communities. C) They tend to be more impoverished than younger people. D) They typically live in their own communities after retirement.

Which of the following is a characteristic of normal aging? A) Physiological processes decline rapidly with age. B) People are able to enjoy many years of health and vitality into late adulthood. C) The body produces an overabundance of antioxidants, leading to circulatory problems. D) Most Canadians over the age of 65 live in long-term-care facilities.

How do most older adults describe their sexuality? A) They rarely have sex. B) They lost their sexuality as they aged. C) Their sexual satisfaction declined as they aged. D) Their sexual daydreaming and sex drive declined as they aged.

What are episodic memories? A) implicit memories B) memories of general knowledge C) the same as semantic memory D) the same as autobiographical memories

Which statement best describes substance abuse? A) It is rare in older adults. B) It occurs only with non-prescription, illicit drugs. C) It leads to hospitalization for many adults each year. D) It rarely occurs when a doctor prescribes a medication to an older adult.

Bahrick and his colleagues (1975) studied people's ability to recognize their high-school classmates. What did this research conclude? A) Few people could recognize their classmates even five years out of high school. B) Adults over age 65 could recognize few if any of their classmates after 50 years. C) Adults over age 65 could recognize the same number of classmates as younger adults. D) Visual memories can last for 50 years.

During later adulthood, which of the following best characterizes men's sexuality? A) Foreplay has no effect on men's erections. B) Men have no change in their sexual abilities. C) Men experience increased nocturnal emissions as a normal part of aging. D) Men need more time to achieve an erection and orgasm than when they were younger.

How many hours of sleep do older adults need each night? A) 5 B) 7 C) 10 D) 12

Which statement best characterizes nocturnal erections during older adulthood? A) They are a sign of abnormal prostate growth. B) They are more common than in adolescence. C) They increase in frequency and are a normal part of aging. D) They diminish in intensity and frequency.

Age-related deficits in associative memory are the result of which of the following? A) nutritional deficiencies B) decoding errors C) recall overuse D) atrophies in the frontal lobes

Which of the following contributes to the gender gap in life expectancy? A) cortisol B) progesterone C) testosterone D) estrogen

Which statement best characterizes hypertension? A) It affects fewer than 5% of adults. B) It is a major risk factor for heart attack and stroke. C) It is rarely a problem for people over age 65. D) It is unaffected by changes in one's diet or exercise program.

Which statement best describes the nature of sleep for older people? A) They rarely suffer from sleep apnea. B) They need more sleep than adolescents. C) They experience sleep disorders more frequently than younger adults. D) They can get as much sleep as they need because most older adults are retired.

Today, how many North Americans are over the age of 65? A) 1 in 100 B) 1 in 25 C) 1 in 8 D) 1 in 5

David's grandfather is 67 years old and lives in his own home. According to statistics cited in the textbook, what percentage of people over the age of 65 live in their own home? A) less than 45% B) 45 to 55% C) 56 to 65% D) more than 65%

Which statement best represents the hormonal stress theory? A) It is not supported by research. B) It is a type of cellular hormonal damage theory. C) One's cells can divide only so many times until they can no longer function properly. D) Hormonal changes occur because they are programmed into one's genetic structures.

What is the relationship between women and osteoporosis? A) Women experience it more than men do. B) Women experience it prior to menopause. C) Women experience it when they engage in vigorous walking. D) Women who had children experience it more often.

Which of the following indicates hearing loss? A) difficulty falling asleep B) trouble hearing in noisy areas C) difficulty maintaining balance D) the onset of presbyopia

You overhear your grandfather talking about the "romantic weekend" he just enjoyed with his wife. Although you feel a bit uncomfortable about this knowledge, because of your course in human development, what do you know about your grandfather's interest in sex? A) It is rare. B) It is normal. C) It is typical dirty old man storytelling. D) It is following a double standard.

Compared with younger adults, which of the following is most likely to be the response of older adults when faced with interpersonal conflicts? A) They are more likely to express feelings of frustration. B) They are more likely to remain calm. C) They are more likely to show anger. D) They are more likely to exaggerate the situation.

Which statement best defines the wear-and-tear theory? A) It is a programmed theory of aging. B) It is the same thing as the immunological theory. C) The body is less able to repair damage to itself after years of use. D) Aging is a result of accumulated damage to DNA caused by environmental toxins.

What is the average life expectancy for a Canadian woman? A) 64 years B) 74 years C) 84 years D) 94 years

You are moving to Canada from India. You ask your Canadian cousin about Canada's age distribution because most advertisements show youthful individuals. Which age group do you learn is the fastest growing segment of the Canadian population? A) 0 to 3 years B) 15 to 20 years C) 25 to 30 years D) over 65 years

Which factor is likely responsible for the longer life expectancy Canadians have when compared to those from the United States? A) our healthcare system B) our better diet C) our birth rate D) our education system

In late adulthood, which of the following is linked with deficits in associative memory? A) atrophy in the frontal lobe B) atrophy in the occipital lobe C) atrophy in the cerebellum D) atrophy in the medulla

Which statement best characterizes sexual satisfaction in late adulthood? A) It is rare. B) It is impossible. C) It is unrelated to physical changes. D) It is possible when expectations are modified.

Which statement best represents the cellular damage theories of aging? A) They include the stress hormone and immunological theories of aging. B) Aging is the result of preprogrammed changes. C) Internal changes and external agents cause aging. D) The body's reduction of hormones increases the likelihood of certain illnesses.

Which statement best represents women's change in sexuality as they age? A) Sexuality disappears. B) Their vaginal walls become thicker. C) The vagina shrinks. D) Penile penetration becomes more pleasurable.

During late adulthood, which of the following affects vision? A) presbycusis B) brittle eye lenses C) overuse D) decreased fluid pressure in the eyeball

Which of the following may be linked to sleep problems in late adulthood? A) a history of sexual dysfunction B) dementia C) misuse of prescription drugs D) a history of cardiovascular problems

Physical changes affect sexuality as we grow older. What is the response of most older adults to these changes? A) They typically give up having sex. B) They usually decide to cuddle rather than have sex. C) They tend to leave their long-term partners for new partners. D) They may learn to use alternative forms of sexual stimulation.

Which factor is most critical in determining the continuation of sexual activity into older adults? A) physical strength B) a good imagination C) a supportive partner D) time

What is the relationship between aging and memory? A) Aging is unrelated to memory loss. B) Aging improves most types of memory. C) Aging affects implicit memory more than explicit memory. D) Aging affects associative memory more than memory for single items.

Connie is 75 years old. Which of the following best represents sexuality at her age? A) She shouldn't be having sex. B) More involved foreplay is dangerous. C) Decreased vaginal lubrication may make sex painful. D) Orgasms typically increase in intensity, but not in quantity.

Which statement best represents the findings of research on cognitive development during late adulthood? A) Fluid intelligence increases with age. B) All cognitive functions experience a general decline. C) Cognitive skills drop off rapidly after age 65. D) All cognition is affected by telomeres.

Which statement best describes the health of people who are aging? A) Their immune system is less able to ward off cancer. B) Older adults are more likely to die from accidents than when they were younger. C) Elder bias does not affect their treatment by physicians. D) Older adults are more fearful of the medical establishment and its therapies.

Which of the following is suggested by programmed theories of aging? A) The human life span can be altered. B) The biological clock does not exist. C) Aging is randomly determined. D) Aging is determined by genetic characteristics.

What are the leading chronic health conditions in late adulthood? A) accidents, stroke, and cancer B) homicide, suicide, and accidents C) hypertension, arthritic symptoms, and heart disease. D) accidents, cancer, and heart disease

Howard and Bella have been married for 50 years and have had a satisfying sexual relationship. They are now in their late 70s. Which statement is most likely to characterize their experience of sexuality? A) They are likely to engage in more frequent intercourse than during middle-adulthood. B) They are unlikely to be interested in sex. C) They are unable to reach orgasms so must be satisfied with foreplay. D) Their sexual relationship is likely to continue to be fulfilling as it was in middle adulthood.

Approximately what percentage of adults over the age of 65 live in their own homes? A) 15 B) 25 C) 65 D) 75

Richard is 79 and needs to wear a hearing aid. Which of the following does Richard most likely have? A) cataracts B) glaucoma C) presbyopia D) presbycusis

Mr. Jones, a 58-year-old, has been diagnosed with sleep apnea. How will his doctor most likely describe this disorder? A) It has no successful treatments. B) It causes a person to stop breathing intermittently. C) It causes people to sleep too long during the day. D) It is caused by vigorous exercise during late adulthood.

Restricting calories may trigger an anti-aging response in humans. According to the textbook, what percentage of calorie reduction will trigger that response? A) 10-20% B) 20-40% C) 40-60% D) 60-80%

Older Canadians, over the age of 65 make up 12% of the population. What percentage of hospital beds do they occupy? A) 15 B) 20 C) 25 D) 30

Research has shown that siblings of centenarians are also more likely to reach the age of 100. Which of the following is supported by the findings of this research? A) the hormonal stress theory B) programmed theories of aging C) cellular damage theories of aging D) the role of environment as the most important factor in determining longevity

Which statement best describes human longevity 100 years ago? A) The human lifespan was shorter than it is today. B) The average life expectancy for European Americans was 35.5. C) The average life expectancy for European Americans was shorter than for African Americans. D) The average life expectancy for African Americans was shorter than for European Americans.

Which statement best describes osteoporosis? A) Men are more at risk for it than women. B) Estrogen helps protect women's bones prior to menopause C) It is uncommon in Canada because calcium deficiency is rare in North America. D) It is associated with increased height because the bones are loosened, resulting in lengthened spines.

Which statement best describes chronic conditions, such as cataracts, chronic sinusitis, visual impairment, and varicose veins? A) They are untreatable. B) They can lead to disability. C) They are typically fatal in older adults. D) They seldom occur in adults over age 65.

Which statement best describes adults who are working with their prospective memory? A) They increase their processing speed. B) They are unable to use conspicuous cues. C) They are unable to use memory strategies. D) They remember well with prompts and cues.

Which of the following best represents what most older adults remember about their past life events? A) few items from their past B) most items from their 50s and 60s C) most items from their teens and 20s D) inaccuracies about what happened in their lives

What is suggested by the free-radical theory of aging? A) Diets rich in antioxidants combat free radicals that damage cells. B) Genetic structures determine the timing of aging. C) Cancer is caused by genetic programming. D) Stress reduction therapies help the body fight off free-radical carcinogen enzymes.

Which statement best characterizes aging? A) It is always negative. B) It is a process of rapid decline from early adulthood through late adulthood. C) It is a physical process alone. D) It can bring about personal growth.

Canadian men and women have different life expectancies. Approximately how many years lower is the life expectancy of Canadian men? A) lower by 2years B) lower by 4 years C) lower by 8 years D) lower by 10 years

Which statement best represents programmed theories of aging? A) Aging and longevity are determined by a biological clock B) Aging is required to provide wiser members in a species. C) Aging results from an accumulation of toxins in the body. D) Aging involves a predictable unfolding of cellular decay.

How does the health of older people today compare with the health of older people in previous generations? A) Today they are more likely to die from infectious diseases. B) Today they are more likely to have poorer health care. C) Today they are less likely to take advantage of immunization programs specific to influenza. D) Today they are at greater risk of dying from chronic diseases such as cancer.

Which statement best characterizes older men's orgasms? A) They are rare. B) They may be as enjoyable as they were earlier in life. C) They are rarely as pleasing as when men were younger. D) They increase in intensity compared with when men were younger.

Which statement describes sleep medications? A) They do not have addictive properties. B) Their use is usually avoided by older adults. C) They are an effective treatment for insomnia. D) They are ineffective in helping with sleep disorders in older adults.

What have researchers found about stress hormones? A) They fade away with age. B) They have no effects on aging. C) They include estrogen and testosterone. D) They make the body more susceptible to certain illnesses.

What is pathological aging? A) an unstable psychological response to the process of aging B) the aging process during late adulthood C) the extremely early onset of aging processes, sometimes beginning in early adulthood D) degenerative processes that are not necessarily part of regular aging

Which statement best describes sexual relations during late adulthood? A) They may be impacted by myths about sexuality in older adults. B) They are undesired by older women. C) They are physically impossible for most adults. D) They are actively pursued by 80% of those in late adulthood.

Which of the following is one of the impacts of declining estrogen? A) increased vaginal lubrication B) increased bladder size C) more intense orgasms D) thinning vaginal walls

Roberta is 112 years old. Which of the following is Roberta's age close to? A) the human lifespan B) the human life expectancy C) the average age for human males D) the average age for human females

What is the relationship between cancer and the older adult? A) The risk of cancer increases with age. B) Cancer is rare for adults over age 75. C) Cancer is rarely terminal when diagnosed after age 65. D) Physicians treat cancer more aggressively in older adults than in younger adults.

Wilma is pleased that at 70 she is still able to recite the multiplication tables. What can Wilma attribute this skill to? A) prospective memory B) temporal memory C) explicit memory D) implicit memory

Which statement best characterizes sleep disorders in late adulthood? A) They cannot be treated with medicine. B) They are less common than in early adulthood. C) They may signal physical or psychological problems. D) They protect older adults from heart disease and strokes.

What is the definition of ageism? A) the process of aging B) prejudice against older adults C) the decline in our reproductive capacity D) the respect people show for older adults

Which statement best represent the research findings on memory during late adulthood? A) Older adults tend to do significantly poorer than younger adults in tasks that assess implicit memory. B) The temporal memories of older adults remain unchanged with age. C) The temporal memory of older adults may become confused. D) Older adults tend to do as well as if not better than younger adults in tasks that assess explicit memory.

Which statement best characterizes osteoporosis? A) It is unrelated to mortality rates. B) It is a disorder that affects only women. C) It is a result of severe calcium loss from the bones. D) It affects few older adults; it is primarily a problem during early adulthood.

Which statement best characterizes rheumatoid arthritis? A) It is controllable by surgery. B) It is rarely diagnosed in people under age 60. C) It is the term formerly used to describe osteoarthritis. D) It is caused by the immune system attacking its own tissues.

Which statement best characterizes osteoarthritis? A) It rarely strikes older adults. B) It is a painful, degenerative disease involving wear and tear on joints. C) It is excessive growth of the cartilage within a joint. D) It is more common in men than women.

Which of the following is an example of elder bias? A) Physicians treat their elderly patients more aggressively for cancer than their younger patients. B) Older adults are less likely to be diagnosed and treated for illnesses than younger adults. C) People do not give respect to their elders. D) Older adults are distrusting of medical doctors and unknown treatments.

What is the definition of "lifespan"? A) the average length of time a person will live B) the longest a person can expect to live under the best circumstances C) the length of time a person will live under normal conditions D) the average expectancy of life determined by government every five years

Which statement best describes men's testosterone levels? A) They decline rapidly after age 30. B) They are related to a man's general level of health. C) They are unrelated to the length of time it takes to reach orgasm. D) They drop off during late adulthood, making viable sperm production impossible for most men.

Which statement best characterizes alcoholism in late adulthood? A) It is rare. B) It has increased health risks as one ages. C) It does not typically cause a problem with medications prescribed by a doctor. D) It is reduced in the elderly because intoxication is less likely with high doses of alcohol.

Which statement best represents the experience of having a hip fracture? A) It rarely leads to hospitalization. B) It is often followed by death. C) It is a situation most often faced by middle-aged adults. D) It results from a loss of bone density.

Which statement best characterizes the free-radical theory of aging? A) Antioxidants are bad for the body. B) It has no support from scientific research, but it is often used to explain sports injuries. C) Aging is a result of accumulated damage to DNA caused by environmental toxins. D) Unstable molecules in the atmosphere and body cause damage to cells in the body.

Which of the following is a result of women's estrogen levels dropping during later adulthood? A) Penile entry is much easier. B) Vaginal lubrication is absent. C) Sexual intercourse may become more painful. D) Nothing can be done to help with sexual problems.

Which statement best outlines changes to reproductive abilities in later life? A) Women remain able to reproduce but men do not. B) Men and women are both incapable of reproducing past age 60. C) Women continue to release viable eggs into their 70s. D) Men may continue to have viable sperm into their 90s.

Which statement best describes women's sexuality during later adulthood? A) Orgasms tend to increase in intensity. B) Nipples become less sensitive. C) Lining of the vaginal wall thickens creating more pleasure. D) The ability to reach orgasm remains unchanged.

Which of the following best characterizes presbycusis? A) hearing loss B) a vision problem C) rare in older adults D) a problem that occurs more for women than men

Jennifer's father wants to know more about his diagnosis of glaucoma. Which of the following is he mostly likely to learn? A) It causes cloudy vision. B) It occurs more in diabetics than nondiabetics. C) It tends to be caused by environmental toxins. D) It is more common among European Canadian than African Canadians.

Which statement best defines the immunological theory? A) Boosts to the immune system can be accomplished at any age leading to longer life. B) Aging results when hormone levels spike randomly creating wear on internal organs. C) The decline in the immune system that accompanies aging is a result of random errors. D) The decline of antibody production leaves the body less able to fight off infections.

How do programmed and cellular damage theories differ in their explanations of aging?

How do vision and hearing change during late adulthood?

How is osteoporosis a problem for older adults?

Is sex still possible during late adulthood?

How do implicit and explicit memories differ? How are they different in older adults?

What are the three leading causes of death in late adulthood?

How do lifespan and life expectancy differ? Have they changed for people in the last century? Explain your answer.

What is prospective memory? How do older adults perform when required to create prospective memory?

What is arthritis and what are the different types of arthritis?

What is Alzheimer's disease? How does it appear in a person's life? Explain your answer.